NSW Education Standards Authority

2020 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Mathematics Extension 1
General • Reading time – 10 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 2 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
• For questions in Section II, show relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 2–7)

70 • Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 60 marks (pages 8–14)

• Attempt Questions 11–14
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

1390
Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10.

1 Which diagram best represents the solution set of x 2 − 2 x − 3 ≥ 0?

A. B.

−1 3 −3 1

C. D.

−1 3 −3 1

2 Given â ( x ) = 1 + x , what are the domain and range of â −1( x ) ?

A. x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
B. x ≥ 0, y≥1
C. x ≥ 1, y≥0
D. x ≥ 1, y≥1

1
3 Which of the following is an anti-derivative of 2
?
4x + 1
x
A. 2 tan−1 +c
2

1 −1 x
B. tan +c
2 2

C. 2 tan−1 (2 x) + c

1 −1
D. tan (2 x) + c
2

–2–
4 Maria starts at the origin and walks along all of the vector 2i + 3 j , then walks along all



of the vector 3i − 2 j and finally along all of the vector 4i − 3 j .





How far from the origin is she?

A. 77

B. 85

C. 2 13 + 5

D. 5 + 7 + 13

5 A monic polynomial p ( x ) of degree 4 has one repeated zero of multiplicity 2 and is

divisible by x 2 + x + 1.

Which of the following could be the graph of p ( x ) ?

A. B.

C. D.

–3–
6 The vectors a and b are shown.



a b

Which diagram below shows the vector v = a – b ?

A. a
v

B. a b

C. v

b a

D. b

v
a

–4–
7 Which of the following best represents the direction field for the differential equation
dy x
=− ?
dx 4y

A. B.
y y
2 2

1 1

−2 −1 O 1 2 x −2 −1 O 1 2 x

−1 −1

−2 −2

C. D.
y y
2 2

1 1

−2 −1 O 1 2 x −2 −1 O 1 2 x

−1 −1

−2 −2

–5–
8 Out of 10 contestants, six are to be selected for the final round of a competition. Four of
those six will be placed 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th.

In how many ways can this process be carried out?

10!
A.
6! 4!
10!
B.
6!
10!
C.
4! 2!
10!
D.
4! 4!

6 4
9 The projection of the vector onto the line y = 2 x is .
7 8
The point (6, 7) is reflected in the line y = 2 x to a point A.

What is the position vector of the point A?

6
A.
12
2
B.
9
−6
C.
7
−2
D.
1

–6–
10 The quantities P, Q and R are connected by the related rates,

dR
= −k 2
dt
dP dR
= −l 2 ×
dt dt
dP dQ
= m2 ×
dt dt

where k, l and m are non-zero constants.

Which of the following statements is true?

A. P is increasing and Q is increasing

B. P is increasing and Q is decreasing
C. P is decreasing and Q is increasing
D. P is decreasing and Q is decreasing

–7–
Section II

60 marks
Attempt Questions 11–14
Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section

Answer each question in the appropriate writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

For questions in Section II, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use the Question 11 Writing Booklet

(a) Let P ( x ) = x 3 + 3x 2 − 13x + 6 .

(i) Show that P ( 2 ) = 0 . 1

(ii) Hence, factor the polynomial P ( x ) as A ( x ) B ( x ), where B ( x ) is a 2

quadratic polynomial.

a 2a – 3
(b) For what value(s) of a are the vectors and perpendicular? 3
−1 2

(c) The diagram shows the graph of y = â ( x ) . 3

−2 O 2 x

−3

1
Sketch the graph of y = .
â (x)

Question 11 continues on page 9

–8–
Question 11 (continued)

(d) By expressing 3 sin x + 3 cos x in the form A sin (x + a), solve 4

3 sin x + 3 cos x = 3 , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2p.

dy
(e) Solve = e2y, finding x as a function of y. 2
dx

End of Question 11

Please turn over

–9–
Question 12 (14 marks) Use the Question 12 Writing Booklet

(a) Use the principle of mathematical induction to show that for all integers n ≥ 1, 3

1 × 2 + 2 × 5 + 3 × 8 + · · · + n ( 3 n − 1) = n2 ( n + 1).

3
(b) When a particular biased coin is tossed, the probability of obtaining a head is .
5
This coin is tossed 100 times.

Let X be the random variable representing the number of heads obtained. This
random variable will have a binomial distribution.

(i) Find the expected value, E ( X ) . 1

(ii) By finding the variance, Var(X), show that the standard deviation of X is 1
approximately 5.

(iii) By using a normal approximation, find the approximate probability that 1

X is between 55 and 65.

(c) To complete a course, a student must choose and pass exactly three topics. 2

There are eight topics from which to choose.

Last year 400 students completed the course.

Explain, using the pigeonhole principle, why at least eight students passed
exactly the same three topics.

π
⌠2
(d) Find ⎮ cos5x sin3x dx . 3
⌡0

dy x
(e) Find the curve which satisfies the differential equation = – and passes 3
through the point (1, 0). dx y

– 10 –
Question 13 (16 marks) Use the Question 13 Writing Booklet

d
(a) (i) Find
dq
( )
sin3 q . 1

1
⌠
⎮ x2
(ii) Use the substitution x = tan q to evaluate dx . 4
⎮ 5
(
⌡0 1 + x 2 ) 2

(b) The region R is bounded by the y-axis, the graph of y = cos ( 2 x ) and the graph 4
of y = sin x , as shown in the diagram.

1
y = sin x

O x

y = cos ( 2 x )

Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed when the region R is rotated
about the x-axis.

Question 13 continues on page 12

– 11 –
Question 13 (continued)

1 − x2
(c) Suppose â ( x ) = tan cos−1( x ) and g ( x ) =
( ) .
x

The graph of y = g ( x ) is given.

y = g( x )

–1 O 1 x

(i) Show that â ′( x ) = g′( x ) . 4

(ii) Using part (i), or otherwise, show that â ( x ) = g ( x ) . 3

End of Question 13

– 12 –
Question 14 (15 marks) Use the Question 14 Writing Booklet

2n
(a) (i) Use the identity ( 1 + x) = ( 1 + x)n ( 1 + x)n 2

to show that
2 2 2
2n n n n
= + + ··· + ,
n 0 1 n

where n is a positive integer.

(ii) A club has 2n members, with n women and n men. 2

A group consisting of an even number (0, 2, 4, . . . , 2 n) of members is

chosen, with the number of men equal to the number of women.

2n
Show, giving reasons, that the number of ways to do this is .
n

(iii) From the group chosen in part (ii), one of the men and one of the women 2
are selected as leaders.

Show, giving reasons, that the number of ways to choose the even
number of people and then the leaders is

2 2
n n n 2
12 + 22 + · · · + n2 .
1 2 n

(iv) The process is now reversed so that the leaders, one man and one 2
woman, are chosen first. The rest of the group is then selected, still made
up of an equal number of women and men.

By considering this reversed process and using part (ii), find a simple
expression for the sum in part (iii).

Question 14 continues on page 14

– 13 –
Question 14 (continued)

3 sin (3q )
(b) (i) Show that sin3 q − sin q + = 0. 2
4 4

(ii) By letting x = 4 sin q in the cubic equation x 3 − 12 x + 8 = 0. 2

1
Show that sin (3q ) = .
2

π 5π 25π 3
(iii) Prove that sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 = . 3
18 18 18 2

End of paper

– 14 –
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– 15 –
 BLANK PAGE

– 16 –
© 2020 NSW Education Standards Authority
 NSW Education Standards Authority

2020 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Mathematics Advanced
Mathematics Extension 1
Mathematics Extension 2

1391 –1–
–2–
–3–
–4– © 2020 NSW Education Standards Authority
NSW Education Standards Authority

2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1

Marking Guidelines

Section I

Multiple-choice Answer Key

Question Answer
1 A
2 C
3 D
4 B
5 C
6 D
7 A
8 C
9 B
10 A

Page 1 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Section II

Question 11 (a) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 1

Sample answer:

P ( 2 ) = 23 + 3 ( 2 )2 − 13 ( 2 ) + 6
=0

Question 11 (a) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
• Attempts to divide by x − 2, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:

x 2 + 5x − 3
x − 2 x 3 + 3x 2 − 13x + 6
x 3 − 2x 2
5x 2 − 13x
5x 2 − 10x
−3x + 6
−3x + 6
0

( )(
∴ P ( x ) = x − 2 x 2 + 5x − 3 )

Page 2 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 11 (b)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 3
• Evaluates the dot product and sets it equal to 0, or equivalent value 2
• Writes a dot product = 0, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
Since the vectors are perpendicular,

⎛ a ⎞ ⎛ 2a − 3⎞
0 = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎜
⎝ −1⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
0 = 2a 2 − 3a − 2
0 = ( 2a + 1) ( a − 2 )
1
a=− or 2
2

Question 11 (c)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct sketch 3
• Provides a sketch with some correct features 2
1
• Marks asymptotes at x = −2 or 2, or marks local maximum at y = − ,
3 1
or equivalent merit

Sample answer:

Page 3 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 11 (d)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 4
• Correctly writes 3 sin x + 3cos x in the form Asin ( x + α ) and finds one 3
solution
• Finds A and α, or equivalent merit 2
• Finds the value of A, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
3 sin x + 3cos x = Asin ( x + α )
= Asin x cos α + Acos x sin α

∴ Acos α = 3 (1)
Asin α = 3 ( 2)

3 π
dividing, tan α = = 3 ⇒ α= .
3 3

π
∴ Acos = 3 ⇒ A=2 3
3
π
∴ 3 sin x + 3cos x = 2 3 sin ⎛ x + ⎞
⎝ 3⎠
π
so 2 3 sin ⎛ x + ⎞ = 3
⎝ 3⎠
π 1
sin ⎛ x + ⎞ =
⎝ 3⎠ 2
π π 5π 13π
x+ = , , ,
3 6 6 6
π 11π
x= , given 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
2 6

Page 4 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 11 (e)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
dx
• Rewrites as = e −2 y , or equivalent merit 1
dy

Sample answer:
dy
= e2 y
dx
dx
= e −2 y
dy

⌠
x = ⎮ e −2 y dy
⌡
1
= − e −2 y + C
2

Page 5 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 12 (a)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 3
• Proves inductive step by assuming true for k (or equivalent) and using
2
that assumption to show true for k + 1, or equivalent merit
• Verifies base case, n = 1, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:

(1 × 2 ) + ( 2 × 5) + ( 3 × 8 ) + ! + n ( 3n − 1) = n 2 ( n + 1)

For n = 1 LHS = 1 (2) RHS = 1 (2)

=2 =2

∴ Statement is true for n = 1

Assume statement true for n = k, that is,

(1 × 2 ) + ( 2 × 5) + ( 3 × 8 ) + ! + k ( 3k − 1) = k 2 ( k + 1)

Prove true for n = k + 1

That is, we show that

(1 × 2 ) + ( 2 × 5) + ! + k ( 3k − 1) + ( k + 1)( 3( k + 1) − 1) = ( k + 1)2 ( k + 2 )

LHS = k 2 ( k + 1) + ( k + 1)( 3k + 2 )

( )(
= k + 1 k 2 + 3k + 2 )
= ( k + 1)( k + 1)( k + 2 )

= ( k + 1)2 ( k + 2 )
= RHS

∴ By the principle of mathematical induction the statement is true for n ≥ 1.

Page 6 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 12 (b) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct answer 1

Sample answer:
E ( X ) = np
3
= 100 ×
5
= 60

Question 12 (b) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 1

Sample answer:

σ = np (1 − p )

3 2
= 100 × ×
5 5

= 24

=! 5
!

Question 12 (b) (iii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 1

Sample answer:
P ( 55 ≤ X ≤ 65) = P ( −1 ≤ Z ≤ 1)
! 68%

Page 7 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 12 (c)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct explanation 2
⎛ 8⎞ 400
• Evaluates ⎜ ⎟ , or obtains the expression , or equivalent merit
⎝ 3⎠ ⎛ 8⎞ 1
⎜⎝ 3⎟⎠

Sample answer:

⎛ 8⎞ 400
There are ⎜ ⎟ = 56 possible choices of 3 topics and = 7.14.
⎝ 3⎠ 56

As there are 56 possible combinations, we can have at most 392 students without exceeding 7
students per combination. But we have 400 students, so at least one combination has 8 or
more students.

Question 12 (d)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 3
• Finds correct primitive, or equivalent merit 2
• Uses product to sum result, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
π π
⌠2 1 ⌠2
⎮ cos5x sin3x dx = ⎮ 2 ( sin8x − sin 2x ) dx
⌡0 ⌡0
π
⎡ 1 cos8x cos 2x ⎞ ⎤ 2
= ⎢ ⎛− +
⎣2⎝ 8 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ 0

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞ 1 1 1
= − − − ⎛− + ⎞
2 ⎝ 8 2⎠ 2 ⎝ 8 2⎠
1
=−
2

Page 8 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 12 (e)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 3
• Obtains x 2 + y 2 = constant, or equivalent merit 2
• Separates the variable, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
dy −x
=
dx y

⌠ ⌠
Separating variables, ⎮ y dy = ⎮ −x dx
⌡ ⌡

y 2 −x 2
∴ = +c
2 2
x 2 + y 2 = d, where d = 2c

The curve passes through (1, 0)

So d = 12 + 02 = 1

Hence the equation of D is

x2 + y2 = 1 (unit circle)

Question 13 (a) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct derivative 1

Sample answer:
d
dθ
( )
sin3 θ = 3sin 2 θ cosθ

Page 9 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 13 (a) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 4
• Obtains correctly simplified integrand in terms of sin θ and cosθ ,
3
or equivalent merit
• Correctly substitutes and attempts to simplify (ignoring limits),
2
or equivalent merit
• Uses given substitution, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
Let x = tan θ

dx
= sec 2 θ
dθ

At x = 0, θ=0
π
at x = 1, θ=
4
π
1
⌠ ⌠4
x2 tan 2θ
∴ ⎮
5 dx = ⎮ 5 sec 2 θ dθ
⎮ ⎮
(
⌡0 1 + x 2 ) 2 (
⌡0 1 + tan 2 θ ) 2

π
⌠ 4 tan 2θ
= ⎮ 3 dθ
⌡0 sec θ
π
⌠ 4 sin 2 θ 3
= ⎮ 2 cos θ dθ
⌡0 cos θ
π
⌠4
= ⎮ sin 2θ cosθ dθ
⌡0
π
1
= ⎢⎡ sin3θ ⎤⎥
4
by part (i)
⎣3 ⎦0
3
1 ⎛ 2⎞
= ×⎜
3 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

2 2
=
3 × 23

2
=
12

Page 10 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 13 (b)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 4
• Obtains a correct expression for the volume and uses a double-angle
3
formula, or equivalent merit
• Finds point of intersection and writes volume as a difference of volumes
OR
2
• Finds point of intersection and finds volume generated by y = sin x ,
or equivalent merit
• Finds point of intersection, or writes volume as a difference of two
1
volumes, or equivalent merit
Sample answer:
The curves intersect when

cos 2x = sin x
1 − 2sin 2 x = sin x
2sin 2 x + sin x − 1 = 0
( 2sin x − 1)( sin x + 1) = 0
1
∴ sin x = , ( sin x ≠ −1) .
2
π
∴ x=
6
The volume is given by
π π
⌠6 ⌠6
V = π ⎮ cos2 2x dx − π ⎮ sin 2 x dx
⌡0 ⌡0
⎛ π π π ⎞ ⎞
⌠ 6 1 + cos 4x ⌠ 6⌠
1 − 1 −
6 cos cos
2x 2x
= π ⎜⎮ dx⎮− ⎮ dx dx ⎟ ⎟
⎜⌡ 2 ⌡0 ⌡0 2 2 ⎟ ⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎠
π
⎡ sin 4x x x sin 2x ⎤ 6
= π⎢ + − +
⎣ 8 2 2 4 ⎦⎥ 0
⎛ sin 2π sin π ⎞
= π ⎜⎜ 3 + 3⎟
8 4 ⎟
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠

π⎛ 3 ⎞
= ⎜ + 3⎟
8⎝ 2 ⎠
3π 3
=
16

Page 11 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 13 (c) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 4
• Obtains one correct derivative and makes some progress towards
3
obtaining the other, or equivalent merit
• Obtains one correct derivative or attempts both, or equivalent merit 2
• Attempts one derivative, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
−1
(
ƒ ′( x ) = sec 2 cos−1 x ⋅ ) 1 − x2
1 −1
= ⋅
2−1
cos cos x ( 1 − x2 )
−1
=
x2 1 − x2

x
− × x − 1 − x2 × 1
2
g ′( x ) = 1− x
x2

=
− x2 − 1 − x2 ( )
x2 1 − x2
−1
=
x2 1 − x2

∴ ƒ ′( x ) = g′( x )

Page 12 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 13 (c) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution for both parts of the domain 3
• Provides a correct solution for one part of the domain, or equivalent merit 2
• Observes that ƒ ( x ) – g( x ) is a constant, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
−1
ƒ ′( x ) = = g′( x )
2
x 1 − x2

And so ƒ ′( x ) − g′( x ) = 0

⇒ f ( x ) − g( x ) is a constant

For x < 0, say x = −1

1 − ( −1)2
(
f ( −1) − g( −1) = tan cos−1 ( −1) − ) ( −1)
= tan (π ) + 0

=0

So for x < 0, ƒ ( x ) = g( x ) .

For x > 0, say x = 1 ,

1 − (1)2
(
ƒ (1) − g (1) = tan cos−1 (1) − ) (1)
= tan ( 0 ) + 0

=0

So for x > 0, ƒ ( x ) = g( x )

So for all x in the domain

ƒ ( x ) = g( x )

Page 13 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 14 (a) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
n 1
• Identifies coefficient of x on the left hand side, or equivalent merit

Sample answer:

⎛ 2n ⎞
The left hand side is ⎜ ⎟ which is the coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x )
2n
.
⎝ n⎠
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
This means that ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ + ! + ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ should be the coefficient of xn in the expansion
⎝ 0⎠ ⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠
of (1 + x ) (1 + x ) .
n n

⎛ n⎞
The first term, ⎜ ⎟ is the constant term in the expansion of (1 + x ) and so should be multiplied by
n
⎝ 0⎠
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞
is equal to the coefficient of xn in the expansion (1 + x ) .
n
an xn term. But ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ =
⎝ 0⎠ ⎝ n − 0⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ n⎠⎟
2
⎛ n⎞
Thus ⎜ ⎟ is the coefficient of the xn term that comes from the constant in the expansion of
⎝ 0⎠
(1 + x )n times the coefficient of the xn term in the expansion of (1 + x )n .
2
⎛ n⎞
Similarly ⎜ ⎟ is the coefficient of the xn term that comes from the coefficient of
⎝ 1⎠
x term in the expansion of (1 + x ) times the coefficient of the x n−1 term in the expansion of
n

(1 + x )n .

Therefore, the right hand side is the coefficient of the xn term in the expansion of (1 + x ) (1 + x ) .
n n

OR

Page 14 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 14 (a) (i) (continued)

⎛ 2n ⎞
The coefficient of xn in expansion of (1 + x )2n is ⎜ ⎟ .
⎝ n⎠

The coefficient of xn in (1 + x )n (1 + x )n is

⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
= ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟⎜ + ! + + ! + ⎜⎝ n⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ 0⎠⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n − 1⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ k⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ n − k⎠⎟

⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞
But ⎜ =
⎝ n − k⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ k⎠⎟

⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
So the coefficient is ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ + ! + ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎝ 0⎠ ⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠

2 2 2
⎛ 2n ⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
Hence ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ + ! + ⎜ ⎟
⎝ n ⎠ ⎝ 0⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n⎠

Page 15 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 14 (a) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
• Explains why one of the terms is ⎜ ⎟ × ⎜ ⎟ , or equivalent merit 1
⎝ k⎠ ⎝ k⎠

Sample answer:
We can choose:
2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
0 men and 0 women in ⎜⎝ 0 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 0 ⎟⎠ = ⎜⎝ 0 ⎟⎠ ways
2
⎛ n⎞
or 1 man and 1 woman in ⎜⎝ 1 ⎟⎠ ways
·
·
·
2
⎛ n⎞
or n men and n women in ⎜⎝ n ⎟⎠ ways

Hence the total number of ways is

2 2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ 2n ⎞
⎜⎝ 0⎠⎟ + ! + ⎜⎝ n⎠⎟ = ⎜⎝ n ⎟⎠ from part (i)

Page 16 of 22
NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 14 (a) (iii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
2
⎛ n⎞
• Explains why one of the terms is k 2 ⎜ ⎟ , or equivalent merit 1
⎝ k⎠

Sample answer:

⎛ n⎞
We can choose 1 woman and 1 leader in ⎜ ⎟ × 1 ways and similarly for the men. This gives
⎝ 1⎠
2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ 2
⎜⎝ 1 ⎟⎠ × 1 × ⎜⎝ 1 ⎠⎟ × 1 = ⎜⎝ 1⎠⎟ × 1 for this case.

⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ n ⎞
We can choose 2 women and 1 leader in ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ × 2 ways and similarly for the men.
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
This gives ⎜ ⎟ × 2 × ⎜ ⎟ × 2 = ⎜ ⎟ × 22 for this case.
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

·
·
·

⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
We can choose n women and 1 leader in ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ × n ways and similarly for the men.
⎝ n⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n ⎠
2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
This gives ⎜ ⎟ × n × ⎜ ⎟ × n = ⎜ ⎟ × n 2 for this case.
⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠

2⎛
n⎞ 2 n 2
2⎛ ⎞
n 2
2⎛ ⎞
And so the total is 1 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 ⎜ ⎟ + ! + n ⎜ ⎟ .
⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ n⎠

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NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 14 (a) (iv)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
• Recognises that choosing the leaders first reduces the problem to using
1
part (ii) with n – 1 women and n – 1 men, or equivalent merit

Sample answer:
There are n ways to choose a woman leader, leaving (n – 1) women from which to choose.

There are n ways to choose a man leader, leaving (n – 1) men from which to choose.

⎛ 2 ( n − 1)⎞
By part (ii) there are ⎜ ways to choose the (n – 1) women and (n – 1) men.
⎝ ( n − 1) ⎟⎠

2⎛
n⎞ 2 n 2
2⎛ ⎞
n 2
2⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 2n − 2⎞
Hence 1 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 ⎜ ⎟ + ! + n ⎜ ⎟ = n 2 ⎜
⎝ n − 1 ⎟⎠
.
⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ n⎠

Question 14 (b) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
• Expands sin ( 2θ + θ ) , or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
sin3θ = sin ( 2θ + θ )
= sin 2θ cosθ + cos 2θ sin θ
( )
= 2sin θ cos2θ + 1 − 2sin 2θ sin θ

= 2sin θ (1 − sin 2θ ) + sin θ − 2sin3θ

= 3sin θ − 4sin3θ
∴ 4sin3θ − 3sin θ + sin ( 3θ ) = 0
3 sin ( 3θ )
∴ sin3θ − sin θ + =0
4 4

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NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 14 (b) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
3 8
• Obtains sin3 θ − sin θ + = 0, or equivalent merit 1
4 64

Sample answer:

x 3 − 12x + 8 = 0
x = 4sin θ , so
64sin3θ − 48sin θ + 8 = 0
3 8
∴ sin3 θ − sin θ + =0
4 64

comparing with (i),

8 sin3θ 32 1
= ⇒ sin3θ = = .
64 4 64 2

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NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 14 (b) (iii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct proof 3
• Obtains all the roots of the cubic, or equivalent merit 2
π
• Obtains 4sin as a solution of the cubic in part (b) (ii), or equivalent
18 1
merit

Sample answer:
1
From sin3θ =
2
π 5π π 5π π
we have 3θ = , , + 2π , + 2π , + 4π ,…
6 6 6 6 6
π 5π 13π 17π 25π
θ= , , , , ,…
18 18 18 18 18

π 5π 13π
So 4sin , 4sin , 4sin etc are roots of the cubic, but they are not all distinct.
18 18 18

π 5π
The angles and are distinct angles in the first quadrant and so have different positive
18 18
25π
sine values. The angle is in the third quadrant and so has a negative sine value. Hence
18
π 5π 25π
we can take α = 4sin , β = 4sin , γ = 4sin as 3 distinct roots,
18 18 18
Now α 2 + β 2 + γ 2 = (α + β + γ ) − 2 (αβ + αγ + βγ )
2

= 0 2 + 2 × 12

= 24
π 5π 25π ⎞
∴ 16 ⎛ sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 = 24
⎝ 18 18 18 ⎠

π 5π 25π 24 3
∴ sin 2 + sin 2 + si n 2 = = .
18 18 18 16 2

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NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1

Mapping Grid
Section I

Question Marks Content Syllabus outcomes

1 1 ME-F1 Further Work with Functions ME11–2

2 1 ME-F1 Further Work with Functions ME11–1

3 1 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–1

4 1 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12–2

5 1 ME-F2 Polynomials ME11–1

6 1 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12–2

7 1 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12–4

8 1 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

9 1 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12–2

10 1 ME-C1 Rates of Change ME11–4

Section II

Question Marks Content Syllabus outcomes

11 (a) (i) 1 ME-F2 Polynomials ME11–2

11 (a) (ii) 2 ME-F2 Polynomials ME11–2

11 (b) 3 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12–2

11 (c) 3 ME-F1 Further Work with Functions ME11–2

11 (d) 4 ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations ME12–3

11 (e) 2 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12–4

12 (a) 3 ME-P1 Proof by Mathematical Induction ME12–1

12 (b) (i) 1 ME-S1 The Binomial Distribution ME12–5

12 (b) (ii) 1 ME-S1 The Binomial Distribution ME12–5

12 (b) (iii) 1 ME-S1 The Binomial Distribution ME12–5

12 (c) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5, ME12-7

ME-T2 Further Trigonometric Identities

12 (d) 3 ME12–1
ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills

12 (e) 3 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12–4

13 (a) (i) 1 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–1

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NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question Marks Content Syllabus outcomes

13 (a) (ii) 4 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–1

13 (b) 4 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12–4

13 (c) (i) 4 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–4

13 (c) (ii) 3 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–4, ME 12 -7

14 (a) (i) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

14 (a) (ii) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

14 (a) (iii) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

14 (a) (iv) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

14 (b) (i) 2 ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations ME12–3

14 (b) (ii) 2 ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations ME12–3

ME-F2 Polynomials
14 (b) (iii) 3 ME12–3
ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations

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