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Ecosystem

The document provides an overview of ecosystems, focusing on terrestrial, aquatic, and artificial ecosystems, and their biotic and abiotic components. It details various types of aquatic ecosystems, including freshwater, marine, and coastal environments, highlighting their biodiversity and ecosystem services. Additionally, it describes different water bodies, their formation processes, and the organisms that inhabit them.

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Alyssa Mae
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13 views

Ecosystem

The document provides an overview of ecosystems, focusing on terrestrial, aquatic, and artificial ecosystems, and their biotic and abiotic components. It details various types of aquatic ecosystems, including freshwater, marine, and coastal environments, highlighting their biodiversity and ecosystem services. Additionally, it describes different water bodies, their formation processes, and the organisms that inhabit them.

Uploaded by

Alyssa Mae
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Living World

An ecosystem is the area


where living organisms and
non-living components live
together and interact.
Terrestrial Ecosystem
Aquatic Ecosystem Artificial Ecosystem
Biotic and
abiotic
components
Manufacture of Distribution of “Cycling”
starch energy in the • energy flow
(Photosynthesis) form of food to • food chains
all consumers • food webs
• food energy
Aquatic Ecology is the study of
water based ecosytems

Types:
• Freshwater (Limnology)
⚬ Lakes (Lentic)
⚬ Rivers (Lotic)
• Groundwater
• Brackish (inter-tidal)
• Marine (oceanography)
• Athropogenic waters (drinking
water)
Group of aquatic organisms
• Plankton-microscopic that float
or drift freely in the water
• Nekton-all organisms that swim
actively in open water,
independent of currents
• Benthos-bottom-dwelling
organisms of the sea or ocean
and are often attach to hard
surfaces
Description: Standing water bodies that can
range in size from small ponds to large lakes.
They can be natural or man-made.

Stratification: Layers of water with different


temperatures, often forming in deeper lakes.

Biodiversity: Fish( like bass and pike),


amphibians (like frogs), birds (like ducks and
herons), and aquatic plants (like water lilies and
cattails).

Ecosystem Services: Provide water for drinking,


irrigation, and recreation; support fisheries and
act as reservoirs.
This lake was created
by tectonic movements
(earthquakes).

This lake is generally


found in the crater of
a former volcanic
eruption.
It is formed by a It iscreated by limestone
combination of tectonic and erosion. So that the basin
volcanic processes. When a created by earlier erosion
volcano erupts and causes became filled with water and
an earthquake. transformed into a lake. .
It is created as a result of
glacier erosion. As the ice melts,
a lake will form in the basins
that are along its path.

It is made by humans. Generally,


lakes made by humans are often
called reservoirs or dams.
low concentration of nutrients

Overnourished by N and P

low pH, high humic, content and


brown waters
Description: Flowing water systems that vary in
size from small streams to large rivers. They
originate from springs, glaciers, or rainfall and
flow towards larger bodies of water like lakes or
oceans.

Currents: Flowing water that can vary in speed,


influencing the types of species that can live there.

Biodiversity: Home to various fish species, aquatic


insects, amphibians, and plants. Common species
include trout, salmon, mayflies, and river otters.

Riparian Zones: Vegetation along riverbanks that


helps prevent erosion and provides habitat for
terrestrial and aquatic species.
Description: Areas where water saturates the
soil, either permanently or seasonally. Types
include marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens.

High Productivity: Rich in nutrients, supporting


diverse plant and animal life.

Biodiversity: Amphibians (like frogs and


salamanders), birds (like herons and ducks),
mammals (like beavers and muskrats), and a
variety of plants (like reeds and sedges).

Ecosystem Services: Water filtration, flood


control, carbon storage, and habitat for
wildlife.
Description: Vast saline water bodies covering
about 71% of Earth’s surface, divided into the
Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic
Oceans.

Zones: Different zones based on depth and


distance from shore like the intertidal, pelagic and
abyssal.

Biodiversity: Marine mammals (like whales and


dolphins), fish (like tuna and sharks), invertebrates
(like octopuses and starfish), and plankton.

Ecosystem Services: Climate regulation, carbon


storage, nutrient cycling, and providing food
resources.
Description: Coastal areas where freshwater
from rivers meets and mixes with saltwater from
the sea.

Nutrient-Rich: High productivity due to nutrient


input from rivers.

Biodiversity: Fish (like salmon and sea bass),


birds (like herons and gulls), invertebrates (like
crabs and oysters), and plants (like mangroves
and salt marsh grasses).

Ecosystem Services: Nurseries for marine


species, water filtration, and protection from
storms and flooding.
Description: Coastal forests found in tropical
and subtropical regions, characterized by salt-
tolerant trees.

Root Systems: Complex root structures that


stabilize coastlines and provide habitat for
fish, crabs, and birds.

Biodiversity: Mangrove trees, fish (like


snappers), invertebrates (like shrimp), and
birds.

Ecosystem Services: Coastal protection,


carbon sequestration, and nursery habitats for
marine life.
Description: Structures formed by coral polyps
in tropical and subtropical waters, often
referred to as the “rainforests of the sea” due to
their high biodiversity.

Complex Structures: Made up of calcium


carbonate, providing habitat and shelter for
many marine species.

Biodiversity: Corals, fish (like clownfish and


parrotfish), invertebrates (like sponges and sea
anemones), and algae.

Ecosystem Services: Coastal protection, tourism,


fisheries, and biodiversity hotspots.
Description: Arctic and Antarctic marine
environments characterized by cold
temperatures and ice cover.

Seasonal Changes: Dramatic seasonal


variations in light and ice cover.

Biodiversity: Polar bears, seals, penguins,


whales, and krill.

Ecosystem Services: Climate regulation and


supporting unique marine life.

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