ENGLISH 9 PERIODICAL EXAM

Pointers to Review:

1. Making Connections

a. Text-to-Self Connection - occurs when a reader relates the content of a text to their own personal
experiences or feelings. This type of connection allows readers to draw on their own life stories to
enhance understanding and engagement with the material.

Example: This story about a family vacation brings back memories of the time my family took a road
trip to the beach.

b. Text-to-Text Connection - involve linking the current reading material to other texts the reader has
encountered. This could include books, articles, or any written works that share similar themes,
characters, or plots.

Example: This character's journey in the story reminds me of the hero's journey in 'The Odyssey' that I
studied in class.

c. Text-to-World Connection - connections are made when readers relate the content of a text to
real-world events, societal issues, or cultural contexts. This connection helps readers understand the
relevance of the text in a broader context.

Example: The descriptions of pollution in the story reminded me of recent news reports about plastic
waste in oceans and the global efforts to combat environmental degradation.

2. Social Issues

a. Poverty - is a condition where individuals or communities lack sufficient financial resources and
essentials for a basic standard of living, including food, shelter, and healthcare.
b. Mental Health - refers to the cognitive, emotional, and social well-being of individuals. It affects how
people think, feel, and act, and is crucial for handling stress, relating to others, and making choices.
c. Drug Addiction - is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite
harmful consequences.
d. Climate Change -refers to long-term alterations in temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.
e. Terrorism - involves the unlawful use of violence and intimidation against civilians to achieve political
or ideological goals.
f. Unemployment - occurs when individuals who are capable of working are unable to find suitable
employment despite actively seeking work.
g. Depression - a common mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness,
hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities.
 h. Anxiety - a mental health disorder marked by excessive worry, fear, or apprehension that interferes with
daily life.

3. Compare and Contrast

a. Compare - used to give the similarities of concepts, things, or ideas.

Example: Both cats and dogs are popular pets that provide companionship.

- Words that can be used to compare are: as well as, both, likewise, similarly, in the same way,
in addition.

b. Contrast - used to give the differences of concepts, things, or ideas.

Example: Unlike dogs, which require regular walks, cats are more independent and can entertain
themselves.

- Words that can be used to contrast are: unlike, however, on the other hand, on the contrary,
conversely, in contrast.

4. VUCA World - This framework is used to describe the challenging and unpredictable conditions that
organizations face in today’s rapidly changing environment.

a. VOLATILITY - This refers to the rapid change within an environment. In a volatile situation, small
events can lead to significant impacts, making it difficult to predict outcomes.

Example: The rapid rise and fall of cryptocurrency values demonstrate the volatility inherent in
emerging financial markets, making investment decisions increasingly risky.

b. UNCERTAINTY - reflects the unpredictability of events and outcomes. In uncertain environments, it is

challenging to foresee future developments or make confident predictions, as there may be insufficient
information available.

Example: The uncertainty surrounding the outcome of the upcoming elections has led businesses to
delay major investments until they have a clearer picture of future policies.

c. COMPLEXITY - involves the multitude of interconnected factors and variables that influence a
situation.

Example: The rise of various vaccines such as Moderna and Pfizer for Covid-19 have led to a difficulty
in decision making of the people on what vaccine they should consider.
 d. AMBIGUITY - denotes a lack of clarity in understanding situations or information.

Example: There was a lot of fake news that was spreading about COVID-19, leading to confusion and
misinterpretation of the said issue.

5. Filipino Values

a. Adaptability - often referred to as pakikibagay, which emphasizes the ability to adjust to changing
circumstances and environments.

b. Sense of Shame - or hiya plays a crucial role in Filipino society, guiding behavior and social
interactions. It reflects an awareness of how one's actions are perceived by others and fosters a desire to
maintain social harmony.

c. Respect - is a foundational value in Filipino culture, often expressed through gestures such as mano,
where younger individuals take the hand of an elder and press it to their forehead as a sign of reverence.

d. Hospitality - Filipino hospitality is renowned worldwide, characterized by warmth and generosity

towards guests. This value reflects the communal spirit of Filipino culture, where sharing and caring for
others is paramount.

e. Cooperation - The cultural trait of bayanihan embodies cooperation among community members.
Cooperation fosters strong community ties and reflects the Filipino belief in collective responsibility.
f. Humility - promotes harmonious relationships and encourages individuals to prioritize the needs of
others over their own.

g. Gratitude - Gratitude is deeply embedded in Filipino culture, often expressed through the concept of
utang na loob, which refers to a debt of gratitude owed to someone who has provided help or support.

h. Family Importance - Filipinos often prioritize family needs above personal desires, reflecting a
collective mindset that values loyalty and support among relatives.

Note: These are brief descriptions and summary regarding our class discussion for the whole 2nd Quarter. It is
still best if you review your notes and look back on the activities that we have done. Thank you and God Bless
on your 2nd Periodical Exam in English!