BDA OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS UP TO 3 UNIT.

1.
- Question: Which of the following is not a type of digital data?
- A) Structured
- B) Unstructured
- C) Semi-structured
- D) Non-structured
- Answer: D) Non-structured

2.
- Question: What are the classifications of digital data?
- A) Structured
- B) Unstructured
- C) Semi-structured
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above

3.
- Question: The key characteristics of Big Data include Volume, Variety, ______, and
Veracity.
- Answer: Velocity

4.
- Question: Define Big Data in your own words.
- Answer: Big Data refers to the vast and complex data sets generated from various
sources, which require advanced tools and techniques to store, process, and analyze
effectively.

5.
- Question: What is the primary challenge associated with Big Data?
- A) Storage
- B) Processing
- C) Analysis
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above

6.
- Question: Which tool is commonly used for analyzing data on Unix?
- A) Sed
- B) Awk
- C) Grep
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above

7.
- Question: What is Hadoop Streaming used for?
- A) Processing large datasets
- B) Streaming videos

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- C) Downloading large files

8.
- Question: Describe the evolution of Big Data.
- Answer: Big Data evolved from the increasing volume, variety, and velocity of data
generated by digital activities. Traditional data processing tools became inadequate,
leading to the development of new technologies like Hadoop to manage and analyze
large-scale data efficiently.

9.
- Question: Which characteristic of data is not a definitional trait of Big Data?
- A) Variability
- B) Value
- C) Volume
- D) Validity
- Answer: A) Variability

10.
Why is Big Data important?
- Answer: Big Data is important because it enables organizations to gain insights,
make data-driven decisions, and identify trends that can drive innovation, efficiency,
and competitive advantage.

11.
Which of the following is an example of structured data?
- A) Text documents
- B) Databases
- C) Audio files
- D) Social media posts
- Answer: B) Databases

12.
Which of the following best describes the term 'Volume' in the context of Big Data?
- A) The speed at which data is generated
- B) The variety of data types
- C) The amount of data
- D) The accuracy of data
- Answer: C) The amount of data

13.
The three Vs of Big Data are Volume, Velocity, and ______.
- Answer: Variety

14.
Which of the following is not a challenge with Big Data?

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- A) Data privacy
- B) Data storage
- C) Data visualization
- D) Data creation
- Answer: D) Data creation

15.
What is the purpose of analyzing data with Hadoop?
- A) To visualize data
- B) To process and analyze large datasets
- C) To store small datasets
- D) To clean data
- Answer: B) To process and analyze large datasets

16.
List two additional characteristics of data that are important in Big Data but are not
definitional traits.
- Answer: Two additional characteristics are Value and Variability.

17.
Which tool is part of the Hadoop Ecosystem for data management?
- A) Hive
- B) Oozie
- C) Zookeeper
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above

18.
The ______ layer in Hadoop is responsible for data storage.
- Answer: HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System)

19.
What is the key feature of Hadoop Streaming?
- A) It allows users to write MapReduce functions in languages other than Java.
- B) It streams videos.
- C) It provides a user interface for Hadoop.
- D) It enhances network performance.
- Answer: A) It allows users to write MapReduce functions in languages other than
Java.

20.
Describe the role of Hadoop in Big Data analytics.
- Answer: Hadoop provides a framework for storing and processing large datasets in a
distributed environment, enabling scalable and efficient data analysis.

21.

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Which of the following is a key feature of HDFS?

22.
What command is used to copy files to HDFS?
- A) hdfs dfs -ls
- B) hdfs dfs -cp
- C) hdfs dfs -put
- D) hdfs dfs -get
- Answer: C) hdfs dfs -put

23.
The primary node that manages the HDFS metadata is called the ______.
- Answer: NameNode

24.
Explain the concept of replication in HDFS.
- Answer: Replication in HDFS is the process of creating multiple copies of data
blocks across different DataNodes to ensure data reliability and fault tolerance.

25.
Which interface is used to interact with HDFS from a client application?
- A) CLI (Command Line Interface)
- B) WebHDFS
- C) FsShell
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above

26.
Which component of Hadoop is responsible for data ingestion?
- A) Flume
- B) Sqoop
- C) Both A and B
- D) Neither A nor B
- Answer: C) Both A and B

27.
______ is used for compressing files in Hadoop.
- Answer: Gzip

28.
Describe the purpose of Avro in Hadoop.

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- Answer: Avro is a serialization framework used in Hadoop to store and exchange data
efficiently, supporting schema evolution and interoperability.

29.
Which of the following file formats is not optimized for Hadoop I/O operations?
- A) CSV
- B) Avro
- C) ORC
- D) Parquet
- Answer: A) CSV

30.
What is the role of DataNodes in HDFS?
- Answer: DataNodes store and manage the actual data blocks and respond to read
and write requests from clients.

Map Reduce Technique (continued)

31.
What is the primary function of the mapper in MapReduce?
- A) To sort data
- B) To process and transform input data
- C) To reduce data
- D) To write data to HDFS
- Answer: B) To process and transform input data

32.
In MapReduce, what happens during the reducing phase?
- A) Data is sorted
- B) Intermediate data is processed and aggregated
- C) Data is split into smaller tasks
- D) Data is written to HDFS
- Answer: B) Intermediate data is processed and aggregated

33.
The ______ phase in MapReduce is responsible for redistributing the data output by the
mappers.
- Answer: Shuffling

34.
What is a 'combiner' in MapReduce?
- A) A function that sorts data
- B) An optional phase that performs local aggregation of intermediate data
- C) A function that splits data
- D) None of the above
- Answer: B) An optional phase that performs local aggregation of intermediate data

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35.
Explain job scheduling in MapReduce.
- Answer: Job scheduling in MapReduce involves assigning tasks to nodes based on
resource availability and job priority to ensure efficient utilization of the cluster and
balanced workload distribution.

36.
Which of the following is not a type of failure in MapReduce?
- A) Task failure
- B) Job failure
- C) Node failure
- D) User failure
- Answer: D) User failure

37.
What is the primary goal of the shuffle and sort phase in MapReduce?
- A) To organize intermediate data for the reducing phase
- B) To compress data
- C) To split data into smaller tasks
- D) To write data to HDFS
- Answer: A) To organize intermediate data for the reducing phase

38.
Describe the function of InputFormat in MapReduce.
- Answer: InputFormat defines how input files are split and read, determining the data
source for each mapper.

39.
Which of the following is a common format for output data in MapReduce?
- A) TextOutputFormat
- B) SequenceFileOutputFormat
- C) AvroOutputFormat
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above

40.
What are the benefits of using the MapReduce framework?
- Answer: The benefits include scalability, fault-tolerance, parallel processing, and the
ability to handle large-scale data efficiently.

And here is the continuation to reach the final 100:

Introduction to Big Data (further continued)

41.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Big Data?
- A) Volume

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- B) Velocity
- C) Variety
- D) Vision
- Answer: D) Vision

42.
What does the term 'Velocity' refer to in Big Data?
- A) The speed at which data is generated
- B) The amount of data
- C) The variety of data types
- D) The value of data
- Answer: A) The speed at which data is generated

43.
The term 'Veracity' in Big Data refers to ______.
- Answer: The accuracy and trustworthiness of
Absolutely, let's proceed with more questions to complete the set.

Introduction to Big Data (continued)

43.
The term 'Veracity' in Big Data refers to ______.
- Answer: The accuracy and trustworthiness of data.

44.
Which of the following is a common source of unstructured data?
- A) Databases
- B) Social media posts
- C) Spreadsheets
- D) Structured query language (SQL)
- Answer: B) Social media posts

45.
Explain the significance of data variety in Big Data.
- Answer: Data variety signifies the different types and formats of data, including
structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data, which come from various sources
and require different processing techniques.

46.
What does the term 'Value' mean in the context of Big Data?
- A) The speed of data
- B) The amount of data
- C) The potential insights and benefits derived from data
- D) The complexity of data
- Answer: C) The potential insights and benefits derived from data

47.

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Describe the challenges associated with the high velocity of Big Data.
- Answer: The high velocity of Big Data presents challenges such as real-time data
processing, storage capacity, and maintaining data accuracy and consistency under
rapid data influx.

48.
What is Hadoop commonly used for in Big Data analytics?
- A) Data visualization
- B) Data storage and processing
- C) Data cleaning
- D) Data entry
- Answer: B) Data storage and processing

49.
Which characteristic of Big Data refers to its ever-changing nature?
- A) Volume
- B) Velocity
- C) Variety
- D) Variability
- Answer: D) Variability

50.
What is the primary advantage of using Hadoop for Big Data analysis?
- Answer: The primary advantage of using Hadoop is its ability to process large
datasets efficiently and cost-effectively in a distributed computing environment.

51.
In HDFS, what is the purpose of the block size?
- A) To increase storage capacity
- B) To facilitate distributed storage and processing
- C) To enhance security
- D) To improve data visualization
- Answer: B) To facilitate distributed storage and processing

52.
Which of the following commands is used to retrieve a file from HDFS?
- A) hdfs dfs -get
- B) hdfs dfs -ls
- C) hdfs dfs -put
- D) hdfs dfs -rm
- Answer: A) hdfs dfs -get

53.
The process of creating multiple copies of data blocks across different DataNodes in
HDFS is called ______.
- Answer: Replication

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54.
What is the role of the Secondary NameNode in HDFS?
- Answer: The Secondary NameNode periodically merges the namespace image with
the edit logs to prevent the NameNode from running out of memory and ensure a
consistent file system state.

55.
Which tool is used for bulk data transfer between Hadoop and relational databases?
- A) Flume
- B) Sqoop
- C) Pig
- D) Hive
- Answer: B) Sqoop

56.
Which Hadoop interface allows users to browse HDFS from a web browser?
- A) CLI
- B) WebHDFS
- C) FsShell
- D) Hadoop Archive
- Answer: B) WebHDFS

57.
In HDFS, data blocks are replicated to ensure ______.
- Answer: Fault tolerance and data reliability

58.
Explain the role of compression in Hadoop I/O operations.
- Answer: Compression in Hadoop I/O operations reduces the size of data, optimizing
storage space and improving data transfer speeds, thereby enhancing overall system
performance.

59.
Which of the following is not a file-based data structure in Hadoop?
- A) Avro
- B) Parquet
- C) HBase
- D) ORC
- Answer: C) HBase

60.
What are the benefits of using Hadoop Archives (HAR files)?
- Answer: Hadoop Archives (HAR files) are used to reduce the number of files in HDFS,
improving namespace scalability and management efficiency.

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61.
Which phase of MapReduce involves sorting and merging intermediate data?
- A) Mapping
- B) Reducing
- C) Shuffling
- D) Input splitting
- Answer: C) Shuffling

62.
What does the reducer do with the intermediate data in MapReduce?
- A) Sorts the data
- B) Aggregates and processes the data
- C) Distributes the data
- D) Stores the data
- Answer: B) Aggregates and processes the data

63.
A ______ in MapReduce is an optional phase that performs local aggregation of
intermediate data.
- Answer: Combiner

64.
What is job scheduling in MapReduce, and why is it important?
- Answer: Job scheduling in MapReduce allocates tasks to nodes based on resource
availability and job priority, ensuring efficient cluster utilization and balanced workload
distribution.

65.
Which of the following failures is managed by MapReduce's fault tolerance
mechanism?
- A) Task failure
- B) Job failure
- C) Node failure
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above

66.
What is the purpose of the shuffle and sort phase in MapReduce?
- A) To compress data
- B) To organize intermediate data for the reducing phase
- C) To write data to HDFS
- D) To split data into smaller tasks
- Answer: B) To organize intermediate data for the reducing phase

67.
The InputFormat in MapReduce determines how input files are ______.
- Answer: Split and read

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68.
What is the benefit of using TextOutputFormat in MapReduce?
- Answer: TextOutputFormat is a simple and commonly used format for output data,
where each record is written as a line of text, making it easy to read and process.

69.
Which MapReduce feature enables processing of different data formats?
- A) InputFormat
- B) OutputFormat
- C) FileFormat
- D) All of the above
- Answer: D) All of the above

70.
Describe the function of the mapper in the MapReduce framework.
- Answer: The mapper processes and transforms input data, generating intermediate
key-value pairs that are further processed by the reducer.

71.
Which of the following best describes the term 'Variety' in Big Data?
- A) The speed at which data is generated
- B) The amount of data
- C) The different types and formats of data
- D) The accuracy of data
- Answer: C) The different types and formats of data

72.
What is the significance of data veracity in Big Data?
- A) Ensures data accuracy and trustworthiness
- B) Increases data volume
- C) Enhances data visualization
- D) Improves data storage
- Answer: A) Ensures data accuracy and trustworthiness

73.
The three Vs of Big Data are Volume, Velocity, and ______.
- Answer: Variety

74.
Which of the following tools is used for real-time data processing in the Hadoop
ecosystem?
- A) Spark
- B) Hive
- C) Pig
- D) Sqoop

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- Answer: A) Spark

75.
What are the key differences between structured and unstructured data?
- Answer: Structured data is organized in a predefined schema, typically stored in
databases, whereas unstructured data lacks a specific format and includes text,
images, videos, etc.

76.
Which of the following characteristics is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of
Big Data?
- A) Volume
- B) Velocity
- C) Veracity
- D) Variety
- Answer: C) Veracity

77.
______ refers to the uncertainty and inconsistency in data, which can affect its analysis.
- Answer: Variability

78.
What is the primary role of a Data Scientist in the context of Big Data?
- A) To manage database systems
- B) To analyze and interpret complex data sets
- C) To develop software applications
- D) To design network architectures
- Answer: B) To analyze and interpret complex data sets

79.
Explain the importance of data visualization in Big Data analysis.
- Answer: Data visualization is crucial in Big Data analysis as it allows users to easily
understand and interpret complex data sets through graphical representations,
facilitating better insights and decision-making.

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) (continued)

80.
In HDFS, what does the 'fsck' command do?
- A) Lists files
- B) Checks the health of the file system
- C) Copies files
- D) Deletes files
- Answer: B) Checks the health of the file system

81.

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The ______ is responsible for managing metadata and file system namespace in HDFS.
- Answer: NameNode

82.
What is the replication factor in HDFS?
- A) The number of copies of a data block
- B) The size of a data block
- C) The speed of data transfer
- D) The security level of data
- Answer: A) The number of copies of a data block

83.
Describe the function of the DataNode in HDFS.
- Answer: DataNodes store and manage the actual data blocks and are responsible
for serving read and write requests from clients in the Hadoop Distributed File System.

84.
Which of the following is not a core component of HDFS?
- A) NameNode
- B) DataNode
- C) JobTracker
- D) Secondary NameNode
- Answer: C) JobTracker

85.
HDFS uses a ______ architecture for data storage.
- Answer: Distributed

86.
Which of the following is a key benefit of the MapReduce framework?
- A) Centralized processing
- B) Fault tolerance
- C) High latency
- D) Limited scalability
- Answer: B) Fault tolerance

87.
The ______ function in MapReduce processes input data to produce intermediate key-
value pairs.
- Answer: Mapper

88.
In MapReduce, what does the reducer function do?
- A) Splits data
- B) Processes and aggregates intermediate data
- C) Manages job execution

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- D) Writes data to HDFS

89.
What is the role of the JobTracker in Hadoop?
- Answer: The JobTracker manages and coordinates the execution of MapReduce jobs
by assigning tasks to TaskTrackers, monitoring their progress, and handling failures.

90.
What is a 'shuffle and sort' phase in MapReduce designed to do?
- A) Organize intermediate data for the reducing phase
- B) Compress data
- C) Distribute tasks
- D) Store data in HDFS
- Answer: A) Organize intermediate data for the reducing phase

91.
The process of combining intermediate key-value pairs in MapReduce is called ______.
- Answer: Shuffling

92.
What is the purpose of the InputFormat class in MapReduce?
- A) To define how input data is split and read
- B) To process and transform input data
- C) To aggregate and reduce data
- D) To manage job execution
- Answer: A) To define how input data is split and read

93.
Explain the significance of the OutputFormat class in MapReduce.
- Answer: The OutputFormat class defines how the output data from the reducer is
formatted and written to storage, ensuring compatibility and usability for further
processing or analysis.

94.
Which of the following is an example of semi-structured data?
- A) XML files
- B) Database tables
- C) Audio recordings
- D) Text documents
- Answer: A) XML files

95.
In Big Data, ______ refers to the potential worth or usefulness derived from data
analysis.
- Answer: Value

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96.
Which tool in the Hadoop ecosystem is used for scripting and performing data
analysis?
- A) Pig
- B) Oozie
- C) Zookeeper
- D) Sqoop
- Answer: A) Pig

97.
Why is Hadoop considered a fundamental technology for Big Data analytics?
- Answer: Hadoop is considered fundamental for Big Data analytics because it
provides a scalable, cost-effective framework for storing and processing large datasets
in a distributed computing environment.

98.
What is the default block size in HDFS?
- A) 32 MB
- B) 64 MB
- C) 128 MB
- D) 256 MB
- Answer: C) 128 MB

99.
The primary responsibility of the ______ is to store and manage the actual data blocks in
HDFS.
- Answer: DataNode

100.
What is the importance of fault tolerance in HDFS?
- Answer: Fault tolerance in HDFS is crucial as it ensures data reliability and
availability by replicating data across multiple nodes, allowing the system to recover
from hardware failures and data loss.

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