Reading Assignment

1, Cylinder with heat sources

2, Practice problems and examples on text book( related to fins)

Assignment and exercises , Text book: 2.2, 2.9, 2.20, 2.33, 2.45, 2.74

2-2 A certain material 2.5 cm thick, with a cross-sectional area of 0.1 m2, has one side
maintained at 35◦C and the other at 95◦C. The temperature at the center plane of the material is
62◦C, and the heat flow through the material is 1 kW. Obtain an expression for the thermal
conductivity of the material as a function of temperature.

2-8 A plane wall is constructed of a material having a thermal conductivity that varies as the
square of the temperature according to the relation k = k0(1 + βT 2). Derive an expression for the
heat transfer in such a wall.

2-9 A steel tube having k = 46 W/m · ◦C has an inside diameter of 3.0 cm and a tube wall
thickness of 2 mm. A fluid flows on the inside of the tube producing a convection coefficient of
1500 W/m2 · ◦C on the inside surface, while a second fluid flows across the outside of the tube
producing a convection coefficient of 197 W/m2 · ◦C on the outside tube surface. The inside
fluid temperature is 223◦C while the outside fluid temperature is 57◦C. Calculate the heat lost by
the tube per meter of length

2-20 A steel pipe with 5-cm OD is covered with a 6.4-mm asbestos insulation [k = 0.096 Btu/h ·
ft · ◦F] followed by a 2.5-cm layer of fiberglass insulation [k = 0.028 Btu/h · ft · ◦F]. The pipe-
wall temperature is 315◦C, and the outside insulation temperature is 38◦C. Calculate the interface
temperature between the asbestos and fiberglass.

2-26 A hot steam pipe having an inside surface temperature of 250◦C has an inside diameter of 8
cm and a wall thickness of 5.5 mm. It is covered with a 9-cm layer of insulation having k = 0.5
W/m · ◦C, followed by a 4-cm layer of insulation having k = 0.25 W/m · ◦C. The outside
temperature of the insulation is 20◦C. Calculate the heat lost per meter of length. Assume k = 47
W/m · ◦C for the pipe.

2-33 A circumferential fin of rectangular profile is constructed of stainless steel with k = 43 W/m
· ◦C and a thickness of 1.0 mm. The fin is installed on a tube having a diameter of 3.0 cm and the
outer radius of the fin is 4.0 cm. The inner tube is maintained at 250◦C and the assembly is
exposed to a convection environment having T∞ = 35◦C and h = 45 W/m2 · ◦C. Calculate the
heat lost by the fin.

2-34 A plane wall 6.0 cm thick generates heat internally at the rate of 0.3 MW/m3. One side of
the wall is insulated, and the other side is exposed to an environment at 93◦C. The convection
heat-transfer coefficient between the wall and the environment is 570 W/m2 · ◦C. The thermal
conductivity of the wall is 21 W/m · ◦C. Calculate the maximum temperature in the wall.

2-45 Heat is generated uniformly in a stainless steel plate having k = 20 W/m · ◦C. The thickness
of the plate is 1.0 cm and the heat-generation rate is 500 MW/m3. If the two sides of the plate are
maintained at 100 and 200◦C, respectively, calculate the temperature at the center of the plate.

2-55 A hollow tube having an inside diameter of 2.5 cm and a wall thickness of 0.4 mm is
exposed to an environment at h = 100 W/m2 · ◦C and T∞ = 40◦C. What heatgeneration rate in
the tube will produce a maximum tube temperature of 250◦C for k = 24 W/m · ◦C?

2-74 A straight fin of rectangular profile has a thermal conductivity of 14 W/m · ◦C, thickness of
2.0 mm, and length of 23 mm. The base of the fin is maintained at a temperature of 220◦C while
the fin is exposed to a convection environment at 23◦C with h = 25 W/m2 · ◦C. Calculate the
heat lost per meter of fin depth.

2-141 A pipe having a diameter of 5.3 cm is maintained at 200◦C by steam flowing inside. The
pipe passes through a large factory area and loses heat by free convection from the outside with h
= 7.2 W/m2 · ◦C. Using information from Table 2-1 and/or Table A-3, select two alternative
insulating materials that could be installed to lower the outside surface temperature of the
insulation to 30◦C when the pipe is exposed to room air at 20◦C. If the energy loss from the
steam costs $8.00/109 J, what are the allowable costs of the insulation materials per unit volume
to achieve a payback period of three years where (energy cost saved per year) × 3 = (cost of
installed insulation/unit volume) × volume

Example: 2-D steady state conduction using FDM with heat generation

Examples and exercises

• To make use of the obtained analytical solutions/or the graphical representations

• Other boundary cases – convection and radiations

Selected examples and exercises

■ Examples

 EXAMPLE 4-12: Implicit Formulation

 EXAMPLE 4-16: Transient Conduction with Heat Generation

■ Exercises

Review question 7 :- 1-D solution applications

7. Describe how one-dimensional transient solutions may be used for solution of twoand three-
dimensional problems.

4.5 – lumped system

4-5, A 20 by 20 cm slab of copper 5 cm thick at a uniform temperature of 260◦C suddenly has

its surface temperature lowered to 35◦C. Using the concepts of thermal resistance and
capacitance and the lumped-capacity analysis, find the time at which the center temperature
becomes 90◦C; ρ = 8900 kg/m3, cp = 0.38 kJ/kg · ◦C, and k = 370 W/m · ◦C.

4.42 - Constant heat flux with convection BC

4-42, Derive an expression for the heat flux per unit area at depth x and time τ when a semi-
infinite solid is suddenly exposed to an instantaneous energy pulse at the surface of strength
Q0/A.

4.76 – numerical methods for solution stability analysis

4-76, Write the nodal equation for node 3 in Figure P4-76 for use in a transient analysis.
Determine the stability criterion for this node.

4.109 – numerical method for cylindrical geometry

4-109 A blackened stainless-steel sphere of 10 cm diameter is initially uniform in temperature at

1000◦K and is suddenly placed in outer space where it loses heat by radiation (no convection)
according to q rad = σAT 4 T in degrees Kelvin σ = 5.669 × 10−8 W/m2 · K4 Calculate the
temperatures of the nodes shown in Figure P4-109 for several increments of time and the
corresponding heat losses. Use the values of k, ρ, and c from Problem 4-72

K=16w/m.oc, ρ=7800 kg/m3 and c=0.46 kj/kg.oc