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Rizal

The 19th century in the Philippines was marked by significant political, economic, and social changes, including the rise of nationalism and a cash-crop economy. The social structure was divided into three classes, with Spaniards and friars at the top, while Filipinos suffered under a feudalistic system. Political power was held by the Spaniards, leading to widespread abuses and neglect of the Filipino people's needs.

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Mia Claire
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13 views

Rizal

The 19th century in the Philippines was marked by significant political, economic, and social changes, including the rise of nationalism and a cash-crop economy. The social structure was divided into three classes, with Spaniards and friars at the top, while Filipinos suffered under a feudalistic system. Political power was held by the Spaniards, leading to widespread abuses and neglect of the Filipino people's needs.

Uploaded by

Mia Claire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Philippine19th century in Rizal context

I. Introduction

The 19th century (1801-1900) was a century of changes and filled of turning points in our historyand
identity. It was this time when a lot of changes happened in aspects of political, economical and social.
The nationalist sentiments awakened, a propaganda movement started, a national anti-colonial
movement and revolution ignited, and our independence declared.

II. Lesson Proper

A. Economic Conditions.

During the 19th century, the Philippines' economic condition gave rise to Haciendas or the "cash-crop
economy". Where large parts of lands would be used for crops considered as cash-crop. Some cash-crops
are: Sugar, Tobacco, Abaka, and Coffee. Being open to worldtrade and having these products abundant in
the Philippines, the Philippines became amajor exporter for these products and became well-known in
other parts of the world.

By these events, there was a shift from barter system to moneyed economy.

The number of families which prospered from foreign commerce and trade were able to send their sons
for an education in Europe. Filipinos who were educated abroad were able to absorb the intellectual
development in Europe.

B. Social Conditions

The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered from feudalistic and master slave relationshipby the
Spaniards. Their social structure is ranked into three groups:

1. Highest Class
2. Middle Class
3. Lowest Class

1. Highest class - the people that belong in this class include the Spaniards, peninsulares andthe friars.
They have the power and authority to rule over the Filipinos. They enjoyed their positions and do what
they want.

→ The Spanish officials

→ The Peninsulares (Spaniards who were born in Spain). They held the most important government jobs,
and made up the smallest number of the population.

→ The Friars are members of any of certain religious orders of men, especially the four mendicant orders
(Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans).

2. Middle Class - the people that belongs into this class includes the natives, mestizos and the criollos.

→ Natives - the pure Filipinos


→ The Mestizos - are the Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino or European or Chineseancestry.

→ Criollos/Insulares - European descent but born in the colonies of Spain. A son or daughter of a Spanish
couple is an insulare.

3. Lowest Class - this class includes the Filipinos only.

→The Indios are the poor people having pure blood Filipino which ruled by the Spaniards.

C. Political Conditions

The Spaniards ruled the Filipinos in the 19th century. The Filipinos became the Spaniard'sslave. The
Spaniards claimed their taxes and they worked under the power of the Spaniards.

1. The Gobernador y capitan-general was the representative of the King of Spain in the Islands, also the
commander-in-chief of the army and navy, president of the Real Audienciaor the Supreme Court, and the
vice- real patron who appoints someone over ecclesiastical position. The Intramuros was the seat of
government, religion, and economy.

2. The alcalde mayores headed the provinces.

3. While the gobernadorcillo was the counterpart of today's municipal mayor.

4. The cabeza de barangay was then part of kadatuan and was a tax and contributions collector for the
gobernadorcillo. The Filipinos only held the gobernadorcillo and cabeza de barangay positions.

Sources of Abuses in the Administrative System

1. There was an appointment of officials with inferior qualifications, without dedication of duty and
moral strength to resist corruption for material advancement.

Through the power and authority the Spaniards possess, they collected and wasted the money of the
Filipinos.

2. There were too complicated functions to the unions of the church and the state.

3. Manner of obtaining the position

Through the power that the Spaniards possess, they had the right to appoint the different positions.The
appointment of positions is obtained by the highest bidder which is the Governor-general of the country.

4. Term of office

Term of office or term in office is the length of time a person (usually a politician) serves in a particular
office is dependent on the desire of the King of the country.

5. Distance of the colony


The Spanish officials traveled to various places and the needs of the Philippines were ignored. They did
not put too much attention to the needs of the other people. There were inadequate administrative
supervisions, they were unable to face and solve the problems regarding to the Philippines. There were
also overlapping of powers and privileges of officials which made them competitive.

6. Personal interest over the welfare of the State

III. Summary/ Essential Learning

1. The 19th century was a dynamic and creative age especially in Europe and US. During this period such
concepts as industialism, democracy and nationalism triggered revolutionary changes in social,
economics and politics. These changes enabled men to achieve the heights of prosperity and dignity.

2. The political and social stratification were introduced to justify colonialism.

3. The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered from feudalistic and master slave relationship by the
Spaniards.

4. The Spaniards ruled the Filipinos in the 19th century. The Filipinos became the Spaniard's slave

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