METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE - 1 8. f ' (x) · f ' (x) – f (x) · f '' (x) = 0
Single Choice 2
 f '(x)   f (x)f ''(x)
or 2 =0
1. u(x) = 7v(x)  u'(x) = 7v'(x)  p = 7 (given)  f '(x) 
d  f (x) 
u(x)  u(x)  ' =0
again =7   = 0  q = 0; dx  f '(x) 
v(x)  v(x) 
f (x)
Integrating, =C ....(i)
pq 70 f '(x)
now  = =1
pq 70 f (0) 1
put x = 0, =C  C= ,
f '(0) 2
4. multiply Numerator and Denominator by xm, xn and xp
respectively f (x) 1
Hence 
f '(x) 2
5. Integrating both sides we gets f3(x) = x2 + C ; f (2) = 1 from (1) 2 f (x) = f '(x)
 C=–3 f '(x)
 =2
f 3(x) = x2 – 3  f 3(3) = 6  f (3) = 3
6 f (x)
again Integrating ln [ f (x)] = 2x + k
6. f [ g(x) ] = x  f  [ g (x)] . [g(x)] = 1 put x = 0 to get k = 0
 f  (A).g(2) = 1 [putting x = 2] f (x) = e2x

a10 9. g (x) = f   x  f  f ( x )   ; f (0) = 0; f ' (0) = 2

given, f  (A) =
1  a2
g ' (x) = f '   x  f  f ( x )  ·   1  f '  f ( x ) ·f '( x ) 
g ' (0) = f '  f (0) · 1  f '(0)·f '(0)
1  a2
 g  (2) = ] = f ' (0) [– 1 + (2)(2)]
a10
= (2) (3) = 6
Alternative g [f (x)] = x
g' [f (x)] . f ' (x) = 1 10. ƒ(x) = (x – 1)100. (x – 2)2.99. (x – 3)3.98.....(x–100)100.1
now g (2) = a  f (A) = 2 Take log & than differentiate we get
 g and f are inverse of each other
ƒ '(x) 1.100 2.99 3.98 1 0 0 .1
Now    +....
ƒ(x) x 1 x2 x3 x  100

ƒ '(101)
= 1 + 2 + 3 ..... + 100 = 5050
ƒ(101)

ƒ(101) 1
 
ƒ '(101) 5050

now f (x) = 2  g (2) = x = a

g(0  h) cos 1 h   0 g(h) cos 1 h 
 g ' (2) . f ' (A) = 1 11. f ' (0) = Lim = Lim
h 0 h h  0 h
1 1 a2 g(h) 1 1
g ' (2) = = 10 = Lim ·Lim cos  g'(0) Limcos  0
f (a) a h 0 h h 0 h h  0 h
g ' (x) = – g ' (x)  g ' (0) = 0

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12. h   (x) = 0  nowf (x) becomes

f (x) = x  2 + 2 – x2 + 2
  m m n n    2  m 2  m 2  n 2  n 2  2 
 (m n )(n  ) (n  )(m ) ( m )(m n ) 
 

(m  n )(n   )(  m ) 
 for 2  x < 4
13. x
 
=x
= x2 + 2 + x2 – 2
d
= x =10
 (1) = 0 for x  4
dx
 f (x) = 2 2 , for 2  x < 4

1 = 2 x  2 , for 4  x < 
14. f ' (x) = +  cos(x) + C
x  f is continuous [2, 4)  [4, ) (verify)
1 1  f ' (x) = 0,2  x < 4
f ' (2) = +  + C = +  C = 0 1
2 2 = , 4x<
x2
f (x) = ln | x | + sin(x) + C'
f (1) = C' = 0 1 1
 f ' (102+) = =
f (x) = ln | x | + sin(x) 102  2 10
 10 f ' (102+) = 1
2 3 3
15. Put cos  = ; sin  = ; tan  =
13 13 2 22. Let f (x) = px2 + qx + r
y = cos–1{ cos(x + ) } + sin–1{cos(x – ) } f (1) = f (–1) gives p + q + r = p – q + r
hence q = 0

= cos–1{cos(x + ) + – cos–1{cos( – x)} (think !) Hence f (x) = px2 + r
2
f ' (x) = 2px ....(i)

= x + + – + x Given a, b, c are in A.P.
2
hence 2pa, 2pb, 2pc will also be in A.P.
 or f ' (A), f ' (B), f ' (C) will also be in A.P.  (D)
y = 2x + ; z = 1  x2
2 23. 2x + 2yy' = 0
x
dy x + yy' = 0  y' = – ....(i)
now compute y
dz
1 + yy'' + (y')2 = 0
18. D*f(x) = 2f(x).f (x) 1  (y ') 2
y'' = –
D*(x lnx) = 2x lnx (1 + lnx) y

19. between two consecutive roots of f ' (x) = 0 the curve can y '' 1  (y ') 2
now k = 2 32
=– 32
cut the axis of x atmost once 1  (y ')  y 1  (y ')2 
i.e. may cut or may not cut
1 1 1 1
=– =– =– =–
y 1  (y ') 2
x2 2
y x 2 R
21. f (x) = x  2 2x  4 + x  2 2x  4 y 1
y2
2 2
 f (x) =  x2 2  +  x2 2  x x(b  y)
24. y = y=
x ab  ay  x
x2  2 + x2  2 a
= by

for x  2 to exist x  2  aby + ay2 + xy = xb + xy

dy dy
Also, x2 + 2 > 0 (always true, think ! why ?)  ab + 2ay =b
dx dx
but x  2 – 2  0 only if x  4 b
dy
< 0 only if x < 4  =
dx ab  2ay

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 METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

25. n = 2 or 0 only 34. y = 3e2 – x

3e 2  x
26. Degree of f (x) = n; degree of f ' (x) = n – 1 let xy = x
degree of f ''(x) = (n – 2) 3e 2  x
hence n = (n – 1) + (n – 2) = 2n – 3 f (x) = x
 n=3 ln f ( x )  = (3e2 – x) ln x
hence f (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d,(a  0) 1 2

f ' (x) = 3ax2 + 2bx + c ·f '(x) = 3e  x – ln x

f (x) x
f '' (x) = 6ax + 2b  f ' (x) = 0
 ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = (3ax2 + 2bx + c)(6ax + 2b)  3e2 – x = x ln x
1  3e2 = x(1 + ln x)
 18a2 = a  a=
18
 x = e2 (by verification)
28. We have y = 2x2
(AB)2 = (xB – xA)2 + (2x 2B  2x 2A ) 2 = 5 35. ƒ(x) = xn
 ƒ'(x) = nxn-1, ƒ"(x) = n(n–1)xn–2
2 2 2
or (xB – xA)2 + 4 ( x B  x A ) = 5 ..............................................
dx B ƒ ""....... n times(x) = n!
differentiating w.r.t. xA and denoting =D
dx A ƒ '(1) ƒ "(1) ƒ ""........n tim es (1)
Now ƒ(1) –  – ........
1! 2! n!
n n (n  1) n!
=1–  – ........... = (1 – 1)n = 0
1! 2! n!

2 2
2(xB – xA)(D – 1) + 8 ( x B  x A ) (2xBD – 2xA) = 0
put xA = 0; xB = 1
2(1 – 0)(D – 1) + 8(1 – 0)(2D – 0) = 0
2D – 2 + 16D = 0  D = 1/9

30. for objective note that in y highest degree of x is 4 and

d3y
therefore is a linear function of x.
dx 3
Which satisfies only in (D)

31. y = f (x) – f (2x)

y' = f ' (x) – 2 f ' (2x)
y'(1) = f ' (1) – 2 f ' (2) = 5 ....(i)
and y'(2) = f ' (2) – 2 f ' (4) = 7 ....(ii)
nowlet y = f (x) – f (4x)
y' = f ' (x) – 4 f ' (4x)
y ' (1) = f ' (1) – 4 f ' (4) ....(iii)
Substituting the value of f ' (2) = 7 + 2 f ' (4) in (i)
f ' (1) – 2 [7 + 2 f ' (4)] = 5
f ' (1) – 4 f ' (4) = 19  (A)

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

EXERCISE - 2
Part # I : Multiple Choice  1  y 
   tan  x  , x  0
 x    
1. y = e–x & y = e–xsinx  sin   = 
y' = –e –x ...(i) & y' = –e–x(sinx – cosx) ...(ii) |x|      tan 1  y  , x  0
  
equating (i) & (ii) x
e –x(1 – sinx + cosx) = 0 Case-II : When x< 0
e–x  0
 y
 1 – sinx + cosx = 0 n(x2 + y2) = –2 tan–1  
x
x x x
 2cos2 = 2sin cos (2x  2yy ') 2  xy ' y 
2 2 2 
x 2  y2
= y 2  x 2 
1 2 
x  sin x  cos x   0 x
 2cos 
2  2 2  y (x + y) = y – x
yx
 y =
 x= ,  yx
2
slope can be e  / 2 & –e– 9. f–1(x) = g(x)  x = f(g(x))
Differentiating both sides,
2. x = cos t, y = n t
1
dy 1 1 1 = f'(g(x)) g'(x)  g'(x) =
= . f '(g(x))
dx t  sin t
Now f'(x) = 2x + 3
 
at t = at t = 1 1
2 6
So g'(x) =  g'(1) =
2g(x)  3 2(g(1))  3
dy 2 dy 12
= =– gof(x) = x  g'(f(x)) f'(x) = 1
dx  dx 
f(x) = 1 at x = 1 & f'(1) = 5
3. square both sides, differentiate and rationalise
g'(1)f'(1) = 1  g'(1) = 1/5
1
5.  t = n(x2 + y2)
2 11. u = ex sin x, v = ex cos x
 y  du dv
1   v –u
 n(x2 + y2) = sin–1  x 2  y2  dx dx
2   = v(ex cos x + ex sin x) – u(ex cos x – ex sin x)
Case-I : When x0 = ex sin x(v + u) + ex cos x( v – u)
 y = u(v + u) + v(v – u)
 n(x2 + y2) = 2 tan–1   = v2 + u2
x
2  xy ' y 
du
1 again = ex sin x + ex cos x
 (2x + 2yy) =  2  dx
x 2  y2 y2  x 
1 2
x d2u
= ex sin x + ex cos x + ex cos x – ex sin x
xy dx 2
 xy – yy = x + y  y =
xy d2u
   = 2v
let y = x tan  ;     ,  dx 2
 2 2 Similarly other options can be checked.
 y   x tan  
 sin –1  2  = sin –1   = sin –1
 x  y2   | x sec  | 
 

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 METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

12. f (x) = (x2 + bx + c)ex

 f ' (x) = (x2 + (b + 2)x + (b + c) )ex 1 x2 1
18. y = cos–1
f (x) > 0 iff D = b2 – 4c < 0 2 1  x2
nowf ' (x) > 0 iff D' = (b + 2)2 – 4(b + c) = D + 4 < 0
Thus for f ' (x) > 0 D + 4 < 0 holds.  D < 0 dy –1 1 1
 f (x) > 0 = · ·
dx 1 1  1 1 2
1–    2 
Note that the converse need not be true, e.g. b = c = 1, 2 2 1 x2
 2 2 1 x 
2

f (x) > 0 but f ' (–1) = 0

2x
14. f(x) = – f(x) .... (i) (–2)(1  x 2 ) 3/2
f(x) = g(x) .... (ii)
2
h(x) = (f(x)) + (g(x)) 2
.... (iii) dy 1 x
 = ·
dx 1 1 4(1  x 2 )3/ 2
h(0) = 2, h(1) = 4 –
Differentiating equation (ii) w.r.t. x 4 4(1  x 2 )
f(x) = g(x) = – f(x) x
dy 2 1 x2
Differentiating equation (iii) w.r.t. x  = · 2 2
dx 1  x 2 – 1 4 1  x (1  x )
h(x) = 2f(x) . f(x) + 2 g(x) . g(x)
= 2f(x) . f(x) – 2f(x) . f(x) = 0 { g(x) = – f(x)} dy x
 =
dx 2 | x | (1  x 2 )
 h(x) is constant
 h(x) is linear function when x< 0
 h(0) = 2  h(x) not passing through (0, 0) dy –1
Let y = h(x) = ax + b =
dx 2(1  x 2 )
at x = 0
when x> 0
y=2 =b  y = ax + 2
at x = 1 dy 1
=
a+2=4 dx 2(1  x 2 )
a=2  n ( n x )
(n x )
19. y = x
 curve is y = 2x + 2
ny  ( n x) n ( nx ) . nx .....(1)

n (ny )  n (n x). n (nx )  n( nx)

2

15. f (x) =
 x 1  1 2 x 1
.x 1 1 dy 2 n( nx) 1 1
x 1  1 .  . 
ny y dx n x x x nx

 x if x  [1 , 2) 2n( nx )  1
x 1 1 
= .x = [
x if x  (2 , ) x nx
x 1 1
dy y ny
  . ( 2n ( nx)  1) D
 x 3 sin 1x if x  0 dx x nx
17. f(x) = 
 0 if x  0 Substituting the value of ln y from (1)
dy y
 (nx ) n ( nx ) (2 n ( nx)  1)  B
dx x

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Part # II : Assertion & Reason EXERCISE - 3

Part # I : Matrix Match Type
1. Hint : Statement I : f(x) is constant function
Statement II : It is true 3. (A) f'(x) = 3x2 + 1  f'(x2 + 1) = 3(x2 + 1)2 +1
2
f'(x + 1) at x = 0 is 4
2. y = x2
1 1 log (log x)
dy (B) f(x) = log x2 log(x) = logx(log x)=
= 2x 2 2 log x
dx
 1 1 log(log(x)) 
log x. . 
d2 y 1  log x x x 
=2 f'(x) =  
dx 2 2 (logx)2

dx 1  1  log. (log(x))
again 2x =1 = e
dy 2  x(log x)2   f'(e ) = 0
2
 dx  d2x   x
2   + 2x 2 = 0 (C) y = ntan   
 dy  dy 4 2
  x
d2x  dx 
2
d2x 1 sec 2    1 1
dy 1 4 2
 x 2 =–   =–  = 
dy  dy  dy2 4x 2 dx 2   x    cos x
tan    sin   x
4 2 2
 d2y   d2 x 
  dx 2   2 1 = sec x
   dy  Hence p = 0
(D) f(x) = |x3 – x2 + x – 1| sin x
Statement-2 :
f(x) = |(x2 + 1) (x – 1)| sin x
dy 1 = (x2 + 1) (x – 1) sin x when x  1
 =
dx dx 2
= –(x + 1) (x – 1) sinx when x < 1
dy Now 28f(f()) = 0
3 2  At x = 0
d2 y 1 d 2 x dy  dy  d x
 2 =– . 2. =–   . 2 f'(x) = –[2x(x–1) sinx + (x2 + 1)
2
dx  dx  dy dx  dx  dy
sin x + (x2 + 1) (x – 1) cos x]
 
 dy  4f'(0) = 4

4. Consider f (x) = x + sin x which is aperiodic 4. (A) y = f(x3)

but f ' (x) = 1 + cos x which is periodic with period 2. dy
 = f(x3) . 3x2
dx

dy
 dx = f (1) . 3 = 9
x 1

(B) f(xy) = f(x) + f(y)

f(1) = f(1) + f(1)
 f(1) = 0

1
 f(1) = f(e) + f  
e

1
 f(e) + f   = 0
e

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 METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

(C) f (x) = – f(x), f(x) = g (x) g  h   g 0 

 g(x) = f  (x) = – f (x) = lim
h 0
= g'(0) = 
h
h (x) = (f (x))2 + (g (x))2
 h (x) = 2 f (x) . f (x) + 2g(x) . g (x) g(x) = x + c
= 2 f (x) . g (x) + 2g(x) (– f (x)) = 0  g(x) = x [g(0) = 0]
 h (x) = c, x  R
Now x2 + x + 1 = x  x2 + (1 – ) x + 1 = 0
 h (10) = h (5) = 9.
For concident pt. D = 0
 (1 – )2 – 4 = 0
(D) y = tan–1 (cot x) + cot–1(tan x), <x<
2   = 3, –1
Comprehension # 3
dy  cosec 2 x 1
= + . sec2 x
dx 2
1  cot x 1  tan 2 x f(a  h )  f(a )
1. LHD = hlim
0 
=–1–1=–2 h

Part # II : Comprehension  f(a  h )  f(a ) f(a  h )  f(a )

= hlim
0 
= hlim 
h  0 h
Comprehension # 1
f(x + y) – f(x) = f(y) – 1 + 2xy f '(a )  f '(a  h) f '(a )  f '(h  a )
2. RHD = hlim
0 
=
h h
 f(0 + 0) – f(0) = f(0) – 1 + 2(0) (0) f(0) = 1
and f '(0) = 1 (given) Since derivative of even function is odd & vice versa.

f(x  h)  f(x)  f(h)  1 2 xh  f( x)  f( x  h ) f( x  h )  f( x)

3. lim = lim
Also f '(x) = lim = lim
h 0 

h  h h
h 0 h 0
h 0 h  h
= f'(– x) ... (i)
f(h)  f(0)
= lim + 2x = f '(0) + 2x f(x)  f(x  h)
h 0 h and lim = – f'(x) ... (ii)
f '(x) = 1 + 2x
h 0 h
Integrate it from (i) and (ii) f'(x) is odd function and hence f(x) is
f(x) = x2 + x + c even function.
f(x) = x2 + x + 1 [f(0) = 1  c = 1]
1. n(x2 + x + 1)  Domain R Comprehension # 4

2. y = log3/4(x2 + x + 1) dy
(i) y = et sin t  = et[cos t + sin t]
dt
3
Now x2 + x + 1 
4 dx
x = et cos t  = et[cos t – sin t]
dt
hence range is (–, 1]
dy cos t  sin t
 = = tan 
g(0 )  g(0 ) dx cos t  sin t
3. g(0) =  2g(0) = kg(0)
k
 
 tan   t  = tan 
 g(0) = 0 (as k 2) 4 
xh
g   gx  
lim  1   4 t  
g'(x) = h  0
h  

g(x)  g(h) 
 g(x) t= 
= lim
h 0
1 4
h

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

EXERCISE - 4
 2 Subjective Type
2 sec   t 
(ii) d y 4 

dx 2 e t (cos t  sin t) 1. 5

2
(n  1)x n  2  (n  2)x n 1  1
d y 2.
2 (1  x) 2
dx 2 t 0
3. 2
(iii) F (t) =  e t (cos t  sin t) dt = et sin t + C
5. ƒ1(x) = e ƒ 0 (x ) = ex
 ƒ2(x) = e ƒ 1 (x ) = e e
x
F   – F(0) = (e/2 + C) – 0 = e/2
2
ex
ƒ3(x) = e e
......(n 1 )times (x )
Comprehension # 5 similarly fn(x) = e e
ee

d d
Now  fn (x) = e fn1 (x ). dx (e fn1 (x ) )
f dx
dy x 2x  5y – 2 –5 On differentiating it completely we get
Sol. =– =– = at (1, 1)
dx f 5x  2y  1 8
d
y
dx
 fn (x) = e fn1 (x).e f(n 2 ) (x ).e f(n3 ) (x).......e f0 (x )
= fn(x) . f(n–2)x..............f1(x)
d2 y d  dy 
 2 =
dx dx  dx 
1 dx 1
7. x=   2
z dz z
dy dy
(5x  2y  1)(2  5 ) – (2x  5y – 2)(5  2 )
= dx dx dy dy dz dy
Now  . = ( z2 )
(5x  2y  1) 2 dx dz dx dz
d dy ' dz dy d 2 z
d2 y 111 (y ')  .  .
 = dx dz dx dz dx2
dx 2 (1,1) 256
d2 y 3 dy
2
4d y
For question 6  2 z . + z
dx 2 dz dz2
dx 8 d2 f 2
Slope of normal at (1, 1) = – = 3 dy 4d y
dy 5  = 2z + z
dx 2 dz dz2
Equation of normal
10. 2n
8
y – 1 = (x – 1)  5y – 5 = 8x – 8 c1 c2 x
5 11. y = 1+ +
x – c1 (x – c1 )(x – c 2 )
 8x – 5y – 3 = 0
c3 x 2
+ (x – c )(x – c )(x – c )
1 2 3

x c2 x c3 x 2
= x–c + + (x – c )(x – c )(x – c )
1 (x – c1 )(x – c 2 ) 1 2 3

x2 c3 x 2
= (x – c )(x – c ) + (x – c )(x – c )(x – c )
1 2 1 2 3

258
 METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

x3 x x x  x
= = x–c · x–c · x–c 17. z = n  tan 
(x – c1 )(x – c 2 )(x – c3 )  2
1 2 3

 ny = nx – n(x – c1) + nx – n(x – c2) dz 1


+ nx – n(x – c3) dx sin x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x , we get dy dy dx dy
Now = . = sin x
dz dx dz dx
1 dy  1 – 1    1 – 1    1 – 1 
 =      d2 y d  dy  dx
y dx  x x – c1   x x – c 2   x x – c3  2
=  sin x .
dz dx dx dz
c1 c2 c3 d2 y  d2 y dy 
=– – –   sin x 2  cos x  sin x ......(i)
x(x – c1 ) x(x – c 2 ) x(x – c3 ) dz 2  dx dx 

dy y  c1  c 2  c3  d2 y d2 y dy
 sin 2 x 2 + sinx cosx
 =   dz 2
dx dx
dx x  c1 – x c 2 – x c3 – x 
12. 100 d 2 y d2 y dy
cosec2x =  cot x
dz2 dx 2 dx
13. f(2x) = f'(x)f"(x)
Now put value from given equation
Let the degree of ‘f’ be n. d2 y
cosec2x + 4ycosec2x = 0
Comparing highest power on both sides dz2
d2 y
n = n – 1 + n – 2 n = 3  4y  0
dz2
Let f(x) = a0x3 + a1x2 + a2x + a3
log| tan 2 x|  sec 2 2 x tan x 
f(2x) = f'(x)f''(x) 18. lim = lim 2  . =1
x 0 log| tan x| x 0  sec 2 x tan 2 x 
 (8a0x3 + 4a1x2 + 2a2x + a3)
19. H(1) = 1, g(1) = 2, H(1) = 1, g(1) = 2
= (3a0x2 + 2a1x + a2)(6a0x + 2a1)
H (x).g(1) – g(x) H(1) 0 
Lim  0 form 
Comparing coefficient of x3 x 1 sin(x – 1)  
4 g (1)·H(x) – H (1).g (x)
8a0 = 18a02  a0 = = Lim
x 1 By L.H. Rule
9 cos(x – 1)
Rest all are zero 2  1– 1 2
= =0
1
4 3
 f(x) = x X sX tX
9
20. X1 sX 1  s1 X t1 X  tX 1
b
14. X2 sX 2  2 s1 X 1  Xs2 tX 2  2 X 1t1  Xt2
ab  2ay
15. f(x) = x2 – 4x – 3 & f(x) = 9
C2  C2  sC1, C3  C3 – tC1 
For x = 6, – 2
 x= 6 (x > 2) X 0 0
Now y = f(x)  f–1(y) = x
= X1 Xs1 Xt1
 g(y) = x
X2 Xs2  2s1 X 1 Xt2  2t1 X 1
dx 1 1
 g'(y) =  
dy 2 x  4 8 Xs1 Xt1
2
16. cosec x – (1/x ) 2 =X
Xs2  2 s1 X 1 Xt2  2t1 X 1

259
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

s1 t1 1 1
= X2 26. 
Xs2  2 s1 X 1 Xt2  2t1 X 1 1  (x  n) 1  x2
2

(R2  R2 – 2 X1R1)
27. (A) Not differentiable at x = 0
s1 t1 s1 t1 (B) Not derivable at x = ± 1/2
= X2 = X3
Xs2 Xt 2 s2 t2
21. x = at3
and y = bt 2 30. 3

dx dy 33.  F(x) = f(x) . g(x)

= 3at2 , = 2bt
dt dt
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x
dy 2b 1
= . F(x) = f(x) g(x) + g(x) f(x)
dx 3a t
Again differentiating both sides w.r.t.x
d2 y 2b  1  dt 2b 1 1
=   t2  . =– . .
3a t 2 3at 2 F(x) = f(x) g(x) + 2f(x) g(x) + g(x) f(x)
dx 2 3a   dx
dividing both sides by f(x) . g(x)
d3y 2b  4  dt 8b 1  1 
=– 2 . 5  . = 2 . 5 . 2 
dx 3 9a  t  dx 9a t  3at  F(x) f (x) g (x) 2f (x).g(x)
= f (x) + g(x) + f (x)g(x)
8b 1 f (x).g(x)
= .
27a 3 t 7
F(x) f (x) g (x) 2c
 1  2x 
–1
 =
f (x)
+
g(x)
+ f (x)g(x)
22. (i) y = tan   , z = 1  4x 2 f (x).g(x)
 1  2x 
y = tan–1 (1) + tan–1 (2x)  F(x) = f(x) g(x) + g(x) f(x) + 2c
dy 2 Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x
=
dx 1  4x 2 F(x) = f(x) g(x) + f(x) g(x) + g(x) f(x) + g(x)
dz 1 f(x) ... (i)
= .8x
dx 2 1  4x 2
 f(x) . g(x) = c  f(x) g(x) + g(x) f(x) = 0
dy 2 2 1  4x 2 1
F(x) f (x) g (x)
 = . =
dz 1  4x 2
8x 2x 1  4x 2  from (i) , we get = +
F(x) f (x) g(x)

 1 x2 –1 
(ii) y = tan –1  , z = tan –1x,  2 1 3
 x 
   3  6  n 2  x if x0
 
34. f(x) = 
    1  x  1 / x
z   ,   x = tanz   if x0
 2 2  2  x 

 sec z –1 
 y = tan –1   35. a = 6, b = 6, c = 0 ; 3/40
 sec z 
y = tan –1 (tan z/2)
z  z 
y=    
2 4 2 4
dy 1
=
dz 2

260
 METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

EXERCISE - 5 f(x) = ax2 + bx + c f'(x) = 2ax + b

Part # I : AIEEE/JEE-MAIN f'(a) = 2a2 + b f'(c) = 2ac + b
f'(b) = 2ab + b then f'(a), f'(b), f'(c)
log x f'(b) = 0 f'(a) = 2a2 f'(c) = –2a2
3. y = logy x y=
log y so that f'(a ), f'(b), f '(c) are in A.P.
y × logy = logx
y  ......  dy
dy 1 dy 1 8. x = eye x>0 =?
logy + y × × = dx
dx y dx x
 dy 
x = ey+x 1 = ey+x  1  
dy 1 dy 1  dx 
(logy + 1) = 
dx x dx x(1  log y) 1 dy 1 x dy
=1+ =
x dx x dx
4. x = 3cos– 2cos3y = 3sin– 2sin3
2
10.  x x   2 cot y x x  1  0
dx
= –3sin+ 6cos2 × sin
d at x  1,
2 cot y  4 cot 2 y  4 
xx  1  cot y  cosec y
dy 2 
= 3cos– 6sin2 cos  
d = cot y  cosecy  y  2
xx = cot y + cosec y
dy 3 cos   6 sin 2  cos  diff. w.r. to x
=
dx 3 sin   6 cos2  sin  dy
xx (1 + logx) = [–cosec2y – cosec y cot y]
dx
cos   2 sin 2  cos 
= = cot dy
 sin   2 cos2  sin  1 = – cosec y [cosec y + cot y]
dx
6. f(x) = xn
dy
f '(1) f "(1) f "'(1) (–1)x fn (1) = –1
f(1) – + – .... dx
1! 2! 3! n!
put n = 1 11. g(x) = [f(2f(x) + 2)]2
f '(1) g'(x) = 2f (2f(x) + 2) f ' (2f(x) + 2) 2f '(x)
f(x) = x for series f(1) – =0
1
f(1) = 1 put n = 2 Put x = 0
f(x) = x 2
f'(x) = 2x f"(x) = 2 g'(0) = 2f(2f(0) + 2) f '(2f(0) + 2) 2f '(0)
f(1) = 1 = 2f(2(–1) + 2) f '(2(–1) + 2) 2f '(0)
f '(1) f "(1) 2
so series = f(1) – + =1–2+ =0 = 2f(0) f '(0) 2f '(0)
1! 2! 2
Put x = 3 f(x) = x3 = 4(–1) (1) (1) = –4
f'(x) = 3x2 f"(x) = 6x 1 1
d   dy   d   dy   dx
f(1) = 1 f"'(x) = 6 12.         .
f '(1) f"(1) f "'(1) dy   dx   dy   dx   dy
   
series f(1) – + –
1! 2! 3!
2 3
6 6  dy  d 2 x dx  d 2 y   dy 
=1–3+ – =0    . 2 .   2  
2 6  dx  dx
 dx  dx dy   
7. f(x) is a polynomial function
f(x) = ax2 + bx + c f(1) = f(–1) 13. y = sec(tan–1 x) = 1  x2
a+b+c=a–b+c b=0
a c dy x dy 1
a, b, c in A.P. b= a  –c   
2 dx 1 x 2
dx x 1 2

261
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

Part # II : IIT-JEE ADVANCED 6. f(x) = x3 + ex/2, g(x) = f–1 (x)

 g'(f(x)).f'(x) = 1
2
2. (B) Let P(x) = ax + bx + c Put f(x) =1  x3 + ex/2 =1
P(0) = 0  c=0
 x =0
P(1) = 1  a+b=1 1
 P(x) = (1 – a)x2 + ax
g' (1).f'(0) = 1, f'(x) = 3x2 + ex/2.
2
P'(x) = 2 (1 – a)x + a > 0  g'(1) =2
put x = 0, a> 0  sin  
7. Let ƒ()  sin  where   tan 1  
x = 1, a< 2  cos 2  

S = {(1 – a) x2 + ax ; 0 < a < 2}.

sin 
 tan  
5. (A) g(x + 1) = log(f(x + 1)) = log x + log f(x) cos 2 
 g(x + 1) = log x + g(x)  g(x + 1) – g(x) = log x sin      
 sin    tan       ,  
1 1 cos    4 4 
 g'(x + 1) – g'(x) =  g"(x + 1) – g"(x) = –
x x 2
 ƒ()  tan 
 1
 g" 1   – g"  1  = – 4 d(ƒ( ))
 2 2  1
d(tan )
 1  1 4
 g"  2   – g"  1   = –
 2   2  9
...................................................
 1  1 –4
g"  N   – g"  N –  =
 2  2 (2 N  1)2
By adding
 1 1
Hence g"  N   – g"  
 2 2
 1 1 
= – 4 1   ......  2 
 9 (2N  1) 

(B) L im
 g(x) cos x  g(0 )
x0 sin x
g '(x)cos x  g(x)sin x
= Lxim 0
0 cos x
Now f(x) = g(x) sin x
f'(x) = g'(x) sinx + g(x) cosx
 f'(0) = 0
f''(x) = g''(x) sinx + g'(x) cosx – g(x) sinx
+ g'(x) cosx
f''(0) = 0
 Given limit = f''(0) & also f'(0) = g(0)
So S(I) & S(II) both are correct but S(II) is not correct
explaination of S(I)

262
 METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

MOCK TEST 5. Given that g–1(x) = f(x)

 x = g(f(x)) or g(f(x)) f(x) = 1
n n x
1. y = x ( nx ) ... (i) 1
 g(f(x)) =
taking loge both sides, we get ny = (n x)n (n x) . nx f (x)
Again taking loge , we get n (n y) = n (n x) . n (n x) –f (x)
+ n (n x) = {n (n x)} [n (n x) + 1]  g(f(x)) · f(x) =
(f (x)) 2
Diff. w.r.t. x,
 1   1 dy   1  f (x)
 g(f(x)) = –
   · =  [n (n x) + 1] + {n (n x)} (f (x)) 3
 n y   y dx   xnx 
 1 
 xnx  6. (A)

dy  n(nx) 1 n(nx)   x x  x   x 

 = y ny    F(x) =  f   . f     g   g   
dx  xnx xnx xnx   2
  2
   2   2 

dy  2n(nx)  1  hereg(x) = f(x) & g(x) = f(x) = – f(x)

 = y ny  
dx  xnx x x x x
s o F(x) = f   g   – f   g   = 0
 2  2 2 2
3.  x = cosec – sin
 F(x) is constant function
 x2 + 4 = (cosec + sin)2
s o F(10) = 5
and y2 + 4 = (cosecn + sinn)2
7. xy . yx = 1  y nx + x ny = 0
dy (dy / d) n cot  (cos ec n   sin n )
Now = = Diff. w.r.t. x, we get
dx (dx / d) cot  (cos ec  sin )
 dy  y x dy
n y2  4  dx  . nx + x + ny + y dx  0
=  
x2  4
y 
  ny 
2
 dy  n 2 (y 2  4)
Squaring both sides, we get   = dy  x    y (x n y  y)
 dx  x2  4  =–
dx x
 nx x (yn x  x)
2 y
 dy 
or (x2 + 4)   = n2 (y2 + 4)
 dx  8. (D)
4. (C)
3x 2 cos x  sin x
y2 = P(x)
f(x) = 6 1 0
dy 2
 2y  P'(x) p p p3
dx
2
 dy  d2 y
or 2   + 2y 2 = P(x) 6x  sin x  cos x
 dx  dx
2
f(x) = 6 1 0
d y 2
 dy  P '2 p p 2
p3
or 2y = P– 2    P '' 
dx 2  dx  2y 2

d2 y 1 2 1 2 6 1 0
 2y3 = y2P – P = PP– P
dx 2 2 2 f(0) = 6 1 0 = 0
d  3 d y
2 p p2 p3
 2 y 2  = P P + PP – P P = PP
dx  dx 

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

9. y = x(nx – n (a + bx)) ......(i)  Statement is false.

dy a S4 : x = t2 + 3t – 8,y = 2t2 – 2t – 5
 = nx – n (a + bx) + ......(ii)
dx a  bx dx dy
 = 2t + 3 ; = 4t – 2
d y 2
a ab dt dt
 2
 –
dx x(a  bx) (a  bx) 2 dy 4t  2
 =
dx 2t  3
d2 y a 2x2
 x3 2  ......(iii) d2 y (2t  3) 4  (4t  2) 2 dt
dx (a  bx) 2  2 = .
dx (2t  3) 2 dx
dy ax
By (i) and (ii), x –y= 16 1
dx a  bx = 2 ×
(2t  3) (2t  3)
2
d 2 y  dy 
 x 3
= x – y d2 y 16
dx 2  dx   =
dx 2 (2t  3) 3
10. (B)
When x = 2 and y = –1 then t = 2
S1 : y = sin 2x
d2 y 16
dy  2 at (2, –1) is =  Statement is true.
= 2 cos 2x dx 73
dx
11. (A, B)
d2 y
= – 4 sin 2x y = sec (tan 1 x)
dx 2
dy sec(tan 1 x) . tan(tan 1 x)
d3y  =
= – 8 cos 2x dx 1 x2
dx 3
dy 1  1 
d4 y 
dx x 1
=
2
= sin –1  sin 
= 16 sin 2x  2
dx 4
12. (D)
d6y
= – 64 sin 2x  2 x 1  2 x 
dx 6 y = tan–1  –1 (x + 1)
– tan–1 2x
x x 1  = tan 2
 1  2 ·2 
d6y 
 6 at x = is = 0  Statement is false.
dx 2 2x 1 ln 2 2x ln 2
 y = –
y  ....  1  (2 x 1 )2 1  (2 x ) 2
S2 : x = e y  e = ey + x
1
 dy   dy   y(0) = – ln 2
 1=e y+x
 1  dx  = x  1  dx  10
   
13. (B, C)
dy 1 x

 = –1 y  1010
dx x
dy x
dy  = 10 10 n 10 . 10x n 10 = y 10x (n 10)2
 =0  Statement is true. dx
dx at x 1
1 dy
S3 : y = 2t2 x = 4t  = 10x (n 10)2
y dx
2
x x2
 y= 2  =   = (n 10)2 = e
n (  n 10 ) 2

 4 8
14. (B)
dy x d2 y 1
 =  2 = S1 : the graph of function f(|f(x)|) = [|[x]|]
dx 4 dx 4

264
 METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

17. (A)
d d 1 1
 n | x | n (  x)  ( 1) 
dx dx (  x) x
–2 –1 1 2 3
19. (B)

d d  1  1  sin x  
{tan– 1(sec x + tan x)} =  tan  
 1  dx dx   cos x  
it is clear from the graph f  f    = 0
 2  d  1    x    d   x  1
S2 : Function is not defined at x = n
=  tan  tan      =    =
dx    4 2    dx  4 2  2
S3 : Graph of f(x) = log |sin x|
d d  1  1  cos x  
{cot– 1 (cosec x + cot x)} = cot  
dx dx   sin x  

d  1  x  d x 1
= cot  cot   = =
dx   2   dx  2  2

20. y = x2
dy
= 2x
  dx
clearly f(x) < 0  x   ,  
2 
d2 y
=2
 e cosh  e dx 2
S4 : f   = lim
 2  h 0 | h | dx
again 2x =1
 does not exist dy
2 2
15. (A, D)  dx  d2x d2x  dx 
2   + 2x 2 = 0  x 2 =– 
x3  dy  dy dy  dy 
f(x)  + x2 sin 1.5 a  x sin a. sin 2a  5 sin–1 (a2 
3
d2x 1  d2y   d2x 
8a + 17)  =–   dx 2   2  1
dy2 4x 2    dy 
f(x) is defined when –1  a2 – 8a + 17  1
–1  (a – 4)2 + 1  1 Statement-II :
 a= 4 dy 1
x3 5  =
 f(x) = – + x2 sin 6 – x sin 4 sin 8 – dx dx
3 2 dy
 f (x) = – x2 + 2x sin 6 – sin 4 sin 8
3 2
f  (sin 8) = – sin28 + 2 sin 8 sin 6 – sin 4 sin 8 = sin 8 [ 2 sin d2y 1 d 2 x dy  dy  d x
 = – . . = –   . 2
6 – (sin 8 + sin 4)] dx 2 2
 dx  dy dx
2
 dx  dy
= sin 8 [2 sin 6 – 2 sin 6 cos 2] = 2 sin 6 sin 8 (1 – cos 2)  
 dy 
sin 6 < 0, sin 8 > 0, 1 – cos 2 > 0
 f  ( sin 8) < 0 21. (A)  (q), (B)  (p), (C)  (t), (D)  (p)

16. Statement I : f(x) is constant function x  cos(sin 1 x)

(A) lim
Statement II : It is true x
1
1  tan(sin 1 x)
2

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MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

at x = –1
x  1 x2 1
= lim
x
1
1 
x
= lim1
x
2
  1 x  2
=–
2 d  1 x  1
tan –1   =
2
1 x 2 dx  1– x  2

1 1
(B) x = is not in the domain x· – n | x |
2 d n | x | x 1 – n | x |
(D) = 2 =
dx x x x2
1
 f   does not exists
 2 d n | x |
 =1 at x = –1
dx x
 x
(C) y = f(x) = n tan   
4 2 24.
1. (C)
 x f(x) g(x) = x3 g(x)
sec 2   
dy 4 2 1 3x2 . g(x) = 3x2 g(x) + x3 g(x)
 = .
dx  x 2 3g(x) = 3g(x) + xg(x)
tan   
4 2 (3 – x) g(x) = 3g(x)
g(x) 3
1 1 1  g(x) dx =  3  x dx
= = = sec x
2  x   x  sin    x  n g(x) = – 3 n |3 – x| + nc
sin    cos     
4 2 4 2 2 
c
 g(x) =
| 3  x |3
1 1  cos 2x | tan x |
(D) lim = lim = does not exists
x 0 x 1  cos 2x x 0 x c 1
g(0) = =  c= 9
27 3
22. (A)  (t), (B)  (q), (C)  (r), (D)  (s)
9
–1
(A) y = cos (cos x)  g(x) =
| 3  x |3
1 sin x
y = . (– sin x) = 2. (A)
1  cos x 2 | sin x |
f(x – 3) . g(x) = (x – 3)3. g(x) = 9
 y at x = 5 is – 1  derivative of f(x – 3). g(x) is 0
(B) y = f(x) = n |tan x| 3. (A)

 tan x  9
 f(x) = (1/tanx) (sec2x) ·   x3
f (x).g(x) | 3  x |3
 tan x  lim = lim = 0
x 0
x(1  g(x)) x  0  9 
x 1  3 
  25.  |3x | 
f  –  = 2
 4 1. (D)
2x
d  1 x  1 d  1 x  f(x) = 
(C) tan–1   = 2 . 1– x  (1  x 2 ) 2
dx 1– x   1 x  dx  
1  
1– x  2  6x 2 1
f(x) = f(x) = 0 if x = ±
(1  x 2 )3 3
(1 – x)2 2 1
= 2 · (1 – x) 2 = 1
2(1  x ) 1  x2  f(x) is greatest at x = –
3

266
 METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION

2. (A)
(x  x 2 – a 2 ) k (x  x 2 – a 2 )
Equation of tangent at x =  is + ·
a x2 – a2 (x  x 2 – a 2 ) (x 2 – a 2 )
1 2
y– = (1   2 ) 2 (x – )
1  2
dy 2  x  x2 – a2  k
2 2 1  3 2 = n  
1 dx x –a2 2
a x – a2
2
 b= + =  
1  2 (1   2 )2 (1   2 )2
dy
db (1   2 ) 2 . 6  2(1  3 2 )(1   2 ) 2  (x 2 – a 2 ) = 2 n (x  x 2 – a 2 ) – 2 n a + k
 = dx
d (1   2 )4
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
2(1  3 2 )
= d2 y dy x
(1   2 )3 (x 2 – a 2 ) 2 + ·
dx dx x – a2
2

db 1
=0 if  = 0, ±
d 3 2 (x  x 2 – a 2 )
= ·
1 9 (x  x 2 – a 2 ) x2 – a2
at  = ± , b=
3 8
d2 y x dy 2
3. (A) or x –a2 2 + =
dx 2 2
x –a 2 dx x – a2
2
2
1  3
a=
2 d2 y dy
or (x2 – a2) 2 +x =2
1 dx dx
2 1
 = its greatest value is
a 1  3 2 3 d2y dy
hence value of (x2 – a2) 2
x is 2
26. (5) dx dx

4x 2  3x  n (e / x 2 ) 
y = tan –1 2
 tan 1 28. Let y1 = tan–1  n (ex 2 ) 
1  5x 3  2x  
2
x  3  2nx 
5x  x 1 3 and y2 = tan–1  
–1
= tan 1  5x .x  tan
2  1– 6nx 
1  .x
3 Let a = 2 n x,
2
= tan –1 5x – tan –1 x + tan –1 + tan –1 x  ne – nx 2  1– a 
3 then y1 = tan–1  ne  nx 2  = tan–1   = tan–
   1 a 
2
= tan –1 5x + tan –1
3   
1  tan  –    =  – , where a = tan 
dy 5  4  4
 
dx 1  25x 2
 3 a 
2 Similarly y2 = tan–1   =  + , where tan  = 3
  x  x2 – a2   1– 3a 
27.  y =  n    + k n (x  x 2 – a 2 )

  a  
 
 y =  –   + ( + ) = + tan–1 3 = constant
Differentiating both sides w. r. t. x, we get  4  4

dy   x  x2 – a2  a dy d2 y
= 2  n   ·  =0  =0
dx   a  (x  x 2 – a 2 ) dx dx 2


267
MATHS FOR JEE MAIN & ADVANCED

2  a–b x
29. y = tan–1  tan 
a 2 – b2  a b 2 

1/2
x a–b
sec 2  · 
dy 2 2 ab ·1
 = ·
dx a 2 – b 2 1   a – b  tan 2 x 2
 
ab 2

dy 1 1
  = =
dx (a  b) cos 2 x  (a – b)sin 2 x a  b cos x
2 2
at a = 1, b = 1, x = 0
dy
= 1/2
dx
30. (2)
x = et sin t and y = et cos t

 x2 + y2 = e2t  et = x 2  y2 .......(i)

x x
and tan t = y  t = tan–1  y  put in (i)
 

x
tan  1  y 
 e  
= x 2  y2 .......(ii)
taking n of both sides.

x 1
tan–1  y  = n (x2 + y2)
  2
differentiate both sides w.r.t. ‘x’

 
 1   y.1  x .y  1 (2x  2yy)
2
  1 x    = . (x 2  y 2 )
 2   y2  2
 y 
 

yx
 y = .......(iii)
xy
again differentiate equation (iii) w.r.t. ‘x’

(x  y) (y  1)  (y  x) (1  y)
 y =
(x  y) 2
 y (x + y)2 = y (2x) – 2y
 y (x + y)2 = 2 (xy – y). Hence proved.

268