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Embedded System Ppt

An embedded system is a specialized electronic system that combines hardware and firmware to perform specific functions, differing from general-purpose computing systems that handle a variety of tasks. They can be classified by generation, with advancements from simple 8-bit microprocessors to modern System on Chips (SoCs) supporting complex applications like AI and wireless communication. Embedded systems are widely used across various industries, including consumer electronics, automotive, healthcare, and telecommunications.

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Kavita Bagewadi
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6 views

Embedded System Ppt

An embedded system is a specialized electronic system that combines hardware and firmware to perform specific functions, differing from general-purpose computing systems that handle a variety of tasks. They can be classified by generation, with advancements from simple 8-bit microprocessors to modern System on Chips (SoCs) supporting complex applications like AI and wireless communication. Embedded systems are widely used across various industries, including consumer electronics, automotive, healthcare, and telecommunications.

Uploaded by

Kavita Bagewadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Embedded System

An embedded system is an electronic/electro-

mechanical system designed to perform a specific

function and is a combination of both hardware

and firmware (software).


Embedded System Vs General Purpose Computing System
Embedded System General Purpose Computing
System
A system which is a combination of special purpose a A system which is a combination of a generic hardware and a
hardware and embedded OS for executing a specific set of General-Purpose Operating System for executing variety of
applications applications
Application specific requirements like performance, power Performance is the key deciding factor in the selection of the
requirements , memory usage etc. are the key deciding factor system always which is faster and better

Designed to perform a specific task or a set of tasks. Designed to handle a wide range of tasks and can run various
Examples include washing machines, microwave ovens, cars' applications. Examples include personal computers, laptops,
control systems, etc. and servers.
Optimized for low power consumption, real-time Prioritizes versatility, processing power, and the ability to
performance, and reliability. It usually does not require high handle complex tasks, often at the expense of
computational power or large memory. power efficiency.
Often operates under strict constraints in terms of processing Generally, has fewer constraints regarding resources, with
power, memory, and energy consumption. The design is abundant memory, storage, and processing power to handle a
usually highly optimized for the intended task. variety of tasks.
Examples: Digital cameras, medical devices, automotive Examples: Desktop computers, laptops, tablets,
control systems, smart thermostats, etc. smartphones, servers, etc.
Classification Based on Generation
•First Generation
•Second Generation
•Third Generation
•Firth Generation

First Generation:
The early embedded systems were built around 8bit microprocessors like
8085 and Z80, and 4bit microcontrollers. Simple in hardware circuits with
firmware developed in Assembly code. Digital telephone keypads, stepper
motor , control units etc. are examples of this.
Second Generation:
These are the embedded systems built around 16bit microprocessors and 8- or 16-bit microcontroller, following the
first-generation embedded systems. The instruction set for second generation processors/controllers were much more
complex and powerful than the second-generation processors/controllers. Data Acquisition Systems, SCADA systems,
etc. are examples of second-generation embedded systems.
Third Generation:
With advances in processor technology, embedded system developers started making use of powerful 32bit
processors and 16bit microcontrollers for their design. A new concept of application and domain specific
processors/controllers like Digital Signal Processors (DSP) and Application Specific Integrated Circuits
(ASICS) came into the picture. The instruction set of processors became more complex and powerful and
the concept of instruction pipelining also evolved.. Processors like Intel Pentium, Motorola 68K, etc. gained
attention in high performance & embedded requirements. Embedded spread its ground to areas like robotics,
media, industrial process control, networking, etc.
Fourth Generation

Embedded systems now use powerful System on Chips (SOCs) that


integrate multiple processors, memory. Embedded systems now support
advanced features like internet connectivity, wireless communication (e.g.,
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee), and cloud integration. Ability to handle high-
level applications like AI algorithms, voice recognition, and real-time data
processing. Smart phone devices, mobile internet devices (MIDs), etc. are
examples of fourth generation embedded systems.
Classification Based on Complexity and
performance
• Small Scale embedded system
• Medium Scale embedded system
• Large Scale embedded system

Small Scale embedded system:


Embedded systems which are simple in application needs and where the
performance requirements are not time critical fall under this category. An
electronic toy is a typical example of a small-scale embedded system. Small-scale
embedded systems are usually built around low performance and low cost 8- or
16-bit microprocessors/microcontrollers.
Medium Scale Embedded System
Embedded systems which are slightly complex in hardware and firmware (software) requirements
fall under this category. Medium-scale embedded are built around medium low cost 16- or 32-bit
microprocessors/microcontrollers or digital signal processors. They usually contain an embedded
operating system (either general purpose or real time operating system) for functioning.
Large Scale Embedded System
Embedded systems which involve highly complex hardware and firmware requirements fall under
this category. Such systems are commonly built around high performance 32- or 64-bit RISC
processors/controllers or Reconfigurable System on Chip (RSOC) Decoding/encoding of media,
cryptographic function implementation, etc. are examples for processing requirements which can
be implemented using a co-processor/hard- ware accelerator. Complex embedded systems usually
contain a high-performance Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) for task scheduling,
prioritization and management.
Application of Embedded Systems
•Consumer electronics: Camcorders, cameras, etc.
•Household appliances: Television, DVD players, washing machine,
fridge, microwave oven, etc.

•Home automation and security systems: Air conditioners, sprinklers,


intruder detection alarms, closed circuit television cameras, fire alarms, etc.
• Automotive industry: Anti-lock breaking systems (ABS), engine control,
ignition systems, automatic navigation systems, etc.
• Telecom: Cellular telephones, telephone switches, handset multimedia applications, etc.

• Computer peripherals: Printers, scanners, fax machines, etc.

• Computer networking systems: Network routers, switches, hubs, firewalls, etc.

• Healthcare: Different kinds of scanners, EEG, ECG machines etc.

• Measurement & Instrumentation: Digital multi meters, digital CROs, logic analysers

PLC systems, etc.

• Banking & Retail: Automatic teller machines (ATM) and currency counters, point of

sales (POS)

• Card Readers: Barcode, smart card readers, hand held devices, etc.

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