DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the Seminar Report entitled “IoT

(Internet of Things)” is an authentic record of my
own Work carried out as requirement for the award of
degree of BCA of S.D.S. Badamia College of Professional
studies, Varkana.

Date: - Name: - Abhijeet

Bhalawat

Certified that the above statement made by the

student is correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

Mr. Vinod Solanki Mr. Sachendra

Bohra
(seminar guide)
(principle)
 Acknowledgement

It is my fortune that I had got opportunity to carry my

Seminar “IoT (Internet of Things)” under the
supervision of Prof. Vinod Solanki in the department of
Bachelor of computer Application affiliated to University
of Jai Narayan Vyas University. I would like to thank
from the deepest of my heart for guiding and sharing
their valuable knowledge with me. I would also like to
include special thanks of gratitude to our HOD Prof.
Vinod Solanki for circulating valuable information
regarding Seminar.

Date: -
Abhijeet Bhalawat
KEY POINTS

 The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the connection of

devices and appliances to the Internet. These include cars,
refrigerators, juicers, wine racks, and heart monitors.

 The loT will surge into the mainstream by the end of this
decade to include 24 billion devices. This would mean that
approximately four IoT connected devices would exist for
every human being on the planet.

 Governments and companies will invest billions of dollars

into loT devices in the next few years. And that investment
will pay off by generating trillions of dollars by 2025.

 The loT will profoundly transform daily life for

governments, consumers, and businesses. These changes
will occur in transportation, agriculture, utilities, smart
cities, and more.

 There are dozens of companies with their hands in the loT

space, and more will soon join them. The list includes
Apple, Cisco, Microsoft, Fitbit, IBM, Google,
Amazon, and more.
INTRODUCTION

You've likely heard the phrase Internet of Things, or loT, at

some point if you have been following any tech news in the last
several years.
But at the same time, you might be scratching your head
figuring out what it is or what it means past a flashy buzzword.
Simply put, the loT refers to the connection of devices (other
than typical fare such as computers and smartphones) to the
Internet. Cars, refrigerators, juicers, wine racks, heart monitors,
ovens, watches, and more are all candidates for connection.
As a starting point to understand the Internet of Things, consult
this glossary of terms and basic definitions:
Internet of Things: A network of internet-connected objects able
to collect and exchange data using embedded sensors.
Internet of Things device: Any standalone Internet-connected
device that can be monitored and/or controlled from a remote
location.
 Internet of Things ecosystem: All the components that
enable businesses, governments, and consumers to
connect to their loT devices, Including remotes,
dashboards, networks, gateways, analytics, data storage,
and security.
 Entity: Includes businesses, governments, and
consumers.
 Physical layer: The hardware that makes an IoT device,
including sensors and networking gear.
 Network layer: Responsible for transmitting the data
collected by the physical layer to different devices.
 Application layer: This includes the protocols and
interfaces that devices use to Identify and communicate
with each other.
 Remotes: Enable entities that utilize loT devices to
connect with and control them using a dashboard, such as
a mobile application. They include smartphones, tablets,
PCs, smartwatches, connected TVs, and
nontraditional remotes.
 Dashboard: Displays information about the loT
ecosystem to users and enables them to control their loT
ecosystem. It is generally housed on a remote.
  Analytics: Software systems that analyze the data
generated by loT devices. The analysis can be used for a
variety of scenarios, such as predictive maintenance.
 Data storage: Where data from IoT devices is stored.
 Networks: The internet communication layer that enables
the entity to communicate with their device, and
sometimes enables devices to communicate
with each other.

IoT PREDICTIONS, TRENDS, AND MARKET

The Internet of Things has existed as a concept since 1982
when a modified Coca-Cola machine at Carnegie Mellon
University became the first truly Internet-connected appliance,
as it could report its inventory and could tell users if the drinks
inside it were cold.
In the 1990s, several papers discussed the loT, and British tech
pioneer Kevin Ashton coined the term Internet of Things in
1999. But it wasn't until a few years ago that the term truly
caught fire and the idea of a vastly connected world started to
become a reality..
And that vision will only swell in the coming years. We expect
there will be more than 22.5 billion loT devices on Earth by
2021 (or four for every human being on the planet), up from 6.6
billion in 2016.
As we approach 2020, governments and companies will pour $6
billion into loT solutions. These will include application
development, device hardware, system integration, data
storage, security, and connectivity. But this will be money well
spent, as we forecast those investments will generate $13
trillion by 2025.
THE 5 STAGES OF THE IoT

Business Insider Intelligence breaks down the Internet of Things

into five distinct stages, yet the loT is not anywhere close to
realizing its full potential.

Stage 1-Connection: The first stage is to bring the "Internet"

to the "Things" by embedding
and installing Internet connectivity into various devices. This
qualifies the object as a connected device, at which point users
can start gathering data about the product's use. A Business
Insider Intelligence survey found that of individuals at
companies that have or are implementing IoT solutions, 48%
said their companies are connecting devices with those
solutions.
Stage 2-Management: The second stage involves the
monitoring of devices and the data
they produce. Interestingly, 33% of respondents in the Business
Insider Intelligence survey blended connection and
management because they indicated that they use loT
solutions to manage their devices.
Stage 3- Analysis: The third stage involves analyzing the data
from the management phase
in order to glean useful and actionable insights. Unfortunately,
only 47% of the respondents in the Business Insider Intelligence
survey said they analyze the data they generate. Part of the
problem is that users struggle to understand how to generate
useful information from the data. As a result, platforms are
trying to make this process easier, but this has proven difficult
given the variety of lot devices on the market and the lack of a
universal standard for analysis.
Stage 4 - Interoperability: The fourth stage brings multiple
connected devices together and
allows them to "talk" to each other. For example, consider
smart lights and smart locks in your home. When the smart lock
unlocks, it would "tell" the smart lights to come on because
someone is home. At this stage, the loT truly starts to fail to
live up to its potential, as just 17% of companies in the
Business Insider Intelligence survey have implemented IoT
solutions that talk to each other. And yet, this type of teamwork
will be instrumental as the Internet of Things grows.
Stage 5- Automation: The fifth and final stage is automation,
in which connected devices work together without the need for
user input. In the smart lock and smart lights example, the
lights could sense that the resident is home sleeping and would
automatically tell the locks to lock and other lights to turn off.
This level of automation requires artificial intelligence and
machine learning. In the Business Insider Intelligence survey,
less than 16% of respondents have implemented loT solutions
at this stage. However, we expect Stages 4 and 5 to become
more prevalent as the lot expands in the coming years.

IoT INDUSTRIES

The Internet of Things will upend the way consumers,

governments, and businesses operate daily. There are few
areas of daily life that the loT will not touch in the coming
years.
Here's a list of areas that the loT will transform, along with a
description of how these industries will change once that
happens:
 Wearable Devices: We expect the wearables market to
grow to 162.9 million units by
 the end of 2020. The healthcare sector will be one of the
top catalysts to push the wearables market to these
heights, as consumer and professional healthcare trends
will spur interest in wearable devices. Fitness trackers, in
particular, will lead the way because consumers most
frequently use wearables to track their exercise and health
progress.
 Healthcare: Ultrasounds, thermometers, glucose monitors,
electrocardiograms, and more are all starting to become
connected and letting patients track their health. Multiple
hospitals have started to use smart beds that
automatically adjust to the patient. And smart medication
dispensers can alert doctors if patients are not taking their
medicine appropriately.
 Smart Home: Business Insider Intelligence forecasts that
the number of smart home devices shipped will grow from
83 million in 2015 to 193 million in 2020. This includes all
smart appliances (washers, dryers, refrigerators, etc.),
smart home safety and security systems (sensors,
monitors, cameras, and alarm systems), and smart home
 energy equipment, such as smart thermostats and smart
lighting.
 Small Business: Business investments in the loT will rise
from $215 billion in 20 15 to $832 billion in 2020. The loT
will help small businesses improve their bottom lines by
reducing their operating costs, increasing their
productivity, and expanding to new markets or
developing new products.
 Banking: The ATM is actually an early prototype of an IoT
device, and more of them are popping up around the
globe. There were 2.7 million ATMs installed around the
world in 2015, up from 2 million in 2010, according to
estimates based on World Bank Data. These ATMs are now
evolving with more security features and teller-assist
functions. And of course, mobile banking apps are growing
in popularity, particularly among millennials (71% of them
say it's very important to have a banking app, and 60%
say its very important to have one to make payments,
according to a Business Insider Intelligence survey).
 Education: A 2015 Capterra study noted that 69% of
students want to use their mobile devices more frequently
in the classroom, and most of those students want to use
them to automate tasks that they already do now, such as
note-taking, schedule checking, and research.
 Retail/E-Commerce: The loT is already getting its hooks
into the retail sector. We
 expect the installed base of beacons, devices that retailers
use to send notifications to shoppers' smartphones, to
swell from 96,000 in 2015 to 3.5 million in 2018. Digital
signage that advertises sales, smart shelves that
automatically monitor inventory, and robots that stock
shelves will all become commonplace thanks to the loT.
 Transportation: Connected cars (which feature apps and
in-car wi-fi) are already on
 the market, and we expect 381 million such cars to be on
the road by 2020, up from 36 million in 2015. But public
transportation (planes, trains, and buses) will start to have
more smart features, which companies will be able to use
to further enhance the travel experience. And let's not
forget the link to smart cities, which will use data from
connected cars to alleviate traffic and make parking
easier.
 Utilities: The International Energy Agency expects global
energy demand to increase by 37% by 2040. But the loT
will help deal with the strain this will put on energy
supplies. Smart meters allow utility companies to
effectively manage energy flow into buildings. Smart
 water sensors track water quality, temperature, pressure,
and consumption. And smart home devices allow people
to automatically conserve energy when
they are not home.
 Agriculture: Farmers are already starting to use
smartphones and tablets to remotely
 monitor equipment, crops, and livestock. Drones have
become an invaluable tool to let farmers survey their
lands and generate crop data. And satellite imagery has
helped improve production output, minimize cost, and
preserve resources. We expect loT device installations in
the agriculture sector to increase from 30 million in 2015
to 75 million in 2020.
 Smart Cities: The world is continually urbanizing, and
major cities must upgrade their Infrastructures to deal
with the influx of residents. And several cities are already
doing this. London is working on a smart parking project
that would help drivers more quickly find parking spaces
and, in turn, would alleviate congestion. San Diego is
using cameras built into connected streetlights to reroute
cars during peak hours. And Copenhagen is using sensors
to monitor the city's bike traffic in real time, which is
crucial because more than 40% of the Danish city's
residents commute by bike each day.
 Insurance: The IoT will change home, life, auto, and health
insurance, primarily by helping customers and insurance
companies be proactive through the use of data collection,
which would help identify and solve problems before they
even occur. For example, wearable devices would help
insurance companies keep track of patients' health and
reward them for staying healthy through exercise and diet.
 Supply Chain: The Internet of Things is already helping
logistics and shipping companies track products in more
efficient ways. Asset tracking solutions allow these
companies to find not just items in bulk, but specific items
that belong to a specific customer to let him or her know
precisely where the item is on the purchase journey.
IoT COMPANIES

 There is no clear leader or winner in the loT space, but

there are several companies that are leading the pack.
Some of these household names are getting involved with
the cloud, while others are pushing into the connected car
or smart home space.
 These are some of the companies who are making
headway in the loT space and some of the main projects
they have in the works.
 Amazon: The e-commerce giant has plunged into the loT
with its cloud platform called Amazon Web Services. AWS,
which now controls almost half of the global cloud center
data market, allows companies to achieve greater
economies of scale, eliminates the need for operating data
centers, and increased the speed and agility of making
resources available for developers. And lest we forget,
Amazon dominates the smart home market with its voice
assistant Alexa and the Echo device.
 Apple: Apple is firmly in the smart home with its app called
Home, which integrates with cameras, door locks, and
more. You can tell Siri to turn off the lights and lower your
shades, or turn on your coffee pot when you wake up in
the morning.
 Cisco: Cisco has famously coined the phrase "Internet of
Everything," which is the tech company's way of making
 the world more connected. Cisco has its hooks into several
loT-affected industries, including utilities and public works,
television, the cloud, and transportation.
 Google: Google has famously been working on self-driving
car and drone projects for several years, but it also runs
the Google Cloud Platform.
 Microsoft: Microsoft operates its Azure IoT Suite, which
allows users to monitor devices remotely, analyze data,
and predict maintenance needs to avoid interruptions and
downtime.
 Fitbit: Fitbit remains the unquestionable leader in wearable
devices, specifically when it comes to the fitness sector.
The company recently released its Inspire and Versa Lite
wearables, which should help secure its position at the top
of the activity tracker market.
 IBM: IBM's major IoT project is Watson, its cognitive
technology that can answer questions in natural language,
think like a human being, and learn and grow through
information retrieval and analysis.
 AT&T: The telecommunications company added 1.3 million
connected cars to its network in the second quarter of
2016, which brought the total number up to 9.5 million.
Drivers do not have to subscribe or pay a monthly fee for
data in order for AT&T to count them as a subscriber.
 T-Mobile: The poster child for unorthodox but successful
methods in the wireless carrier wars partnered with Twilio
to create Twilio Programmable Wireless, a cellular
communications platform that could change how lot
developers work. Moreover, T-Mobile was ahead of the
curve, as it debuted its loT program through its Value
Added Reseller channel in 2005 and created a full,
dedicated loT team in 2008. Today, the company offers a
full hub that serves as one-stop shop for loT customers.
 Comcast: The mass media company acquired Austin-
based IControl Networks in 2017, which develops
technology and platforms for connected home security
devices. Comcast is focusing on Icontrol's "Converge"
software platform, which is the muscle behind Comcast's
Xfinity Home touch-screen panel and back-end servers,
that lets the devices communicate with and manage
security sensors in the home, along with providing support
for home automation devices such as cameras
and thermostats.
IoT SECURITY & PRIVACY
All of this connectedness will have numerous benefits. It will
generate billions in revenue, remove friction in multiple areas
of our work and home lives, and help save energy and money.
But of course there are concerns, primarily with security and
privacy.

IoT Security Issues

1. Public Perception: If the loT is ever going to truly take off,
this needs to be the first problem that manufacturers address.
The 2015 I control State of the Smart Home study found that
44% of all Americans were "very concerned about the
possibility of their Information getting stolen from their smart
home, and 27% were "somewhat concerned." With that level of
worry, consumers would hesitate to purchase connected
devices.
2. Vulnerability to Hacking: Researchers have been able to
hack into real, on-the-market devices with enough time and
energy, which means hackers would likely be able to replicate
their efforts. For example, a team of researchers at Microsoft
and the University of Michigan recently found a plethora of
holes in the security of Samsung's SmartThings smart home
platform, and the methods were far from complex.
3. Are Companies Ready?: AT&T's Cybersecurity Insights
Report surveyed more than 5,000 enterprises around the world
and found that 85% of enterprises are in the process of or
intend to deploy loT devices. Yet a mere 10% of those surveyed
feel confident that they could secure those devices against
hackers.
4. True Security: Jason Porter, AT&T's Chief Data Officer and
SVP of Strategic Planning, told Business Insider Intelligence that
securing loT devices means more than simply securing the
actual devices themselves. Companies also need to build
security into software applications and network connections
that link to those devices.

IoT Privacy Issues

1. Too Much Data: The sheer amount of data that loT devices
can generate is staggering. A Federal Trade Commission report
entitled "Internet of Things: Privacy & Security in a Connected
World" found that fewer than 10,000 households can generate
150 million discrete data points every day. This creates more
entry points for hackers and leaves sensitive information
vulnerable.
2. Unwanted Public Profile: You've undoubtedly agreed to
terms of service at some point, but have you ever actually read
through an entire document? The aforementioned FTC report
found that companies could use collected data that consumers
willingly offer to make employment decisions. For example, an
insurance company might gather information from you about
your driving habits through a connected car when calculating
your insurance rate. The same could occur for health or life
insurance thanks to fitness trackers.
3. Eavesdropping: Manufacturers or hackers could actually
use a connected device to virtually invade a person's home.
German researchers accomplished this by intercepting
unencrypted data from a smart meter device to determine what
television show someone was watching at that moment.
4. Consumer Confidence: Each of these problems could put a
dent in consumers' desire to purchase connected products,
which would prevent the loT from fulfilling its true potential.
IoT COMPANIES TO INVEST IN
The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to be worth trillions of
dollars by 2020, and several companies and startups will
certainly reap the benefits of that explosion. But investors can
do the same if they know which loT stocks to watch.
Each of the companies and startups below rates as one of our
loT companies to watch, as each one is doing something
innovative and important in the lot space. These range from loT
startups to more established loT companies to invest in.

Honeywell
Honeywell's primary focus is in the Industrial Internet of Things
(IIoT), the integration of digital technologies into
manufacturing. This puts the emphasis on information rather
than physical machinery, even for areas that traditionally
require physical labor.
Investors would be wise to consider Honeywell because of its
considerable size and resources. Accenture conducted a
worldwide survey of more than 1,400 business decision makers
and found that 84% think their organization would potentially
benefit from IIoT in multiple ways. But a mere 7% said they
have actually created a comprehensive IIoT strategy and
invested appropriate funds to support that strategy.
This creates a tremendous opportunity for Honeywell, which
can step in and increase that 7% figure considerably.

Hitachi
The Japanese conglomerate is leveraging the loT by becoming a
consultant to help clients become what it calls "Enterprises of
Things." Hitachi Consulting helps other companies apply IoT
solutions to maximize their business value and lets them
become innovators in the loT space all on their own. The
company also runs an lot and Innovation workshop.
As the Internet of Things grows, more companies will need to
rely on experts to squeeze the juice out of it, and Hitachi is
perhaps best positioned to guide other organizations into the
future of the loT.
Comcast
Like many of its peers, Comcast has been contending with
fleeing cable subscribers thanks to Netflix, Hulu, and other
streaming media companies that are threatening traditional
pay-TV. To offset this somewhat, Comcast has decided to forge
ahead into the loT.
The mass media company recently acquired Austin-based
IControl Networks, which develops technology and platforms for
connected home security devices. Comcast is focusing on
Icontrol's "Converge" software platform, which is the muscle
behind Comcast's Xfinity Home touch-screen panel and back-
end servers, that lets the devices communicate with and
manage security sensors in the home, along with providing
support for home automation devices such as cameras and
thermostats.
The cable company also hired former HP executive Sridhar
Solur as Senior Vice President of Xfinity Home and IoT products.
Solur received credit at HP for debuting the company's loT and
wearables businesses.
If Comcast can keep making strategic acquisitions, then
investors should be able to ride the stock higher as a result.

T-Mobile
T-Mobile has been the poster child for unorthodox but
successful methods in the wireless carrier wars, and it's also
been extending its arms into the Internet of Things.
The carrier partnered with Twilio to create Twilio Programmable
Wireless, a cellular communications platform that could change
how loT developers work.
Moreover, T-Mobile was ahead of the curve, as it debuted its loT
program through its Value Added Reseller channel in 2005 and
created a full, dedicated loT team in 2008. Today, the company
offers a full hub that serves as a one-stop shop
for loT customers.
THE TOP TRENDS IN THE IoT
We've already established that the loT will take off in the next
few years, but there are multiple underlying trends at play that
will help the industry reach those new levels.
For starters, companies are focusing on IoT initiatives as part of
a larger overall shift to digital. Many of these companies are
transforming themselves to be digital from top to bottom in
order to become faster and more flexible, which helps them
keep up with consumers' demands. The IoT is absolutely part of
this digital undertaking, but in many cases it is not the sole
focus. As a result, businesses are incorporating and
implementing loT solutions into their digital initiatives.
But the overall Internet of Things is starting to get
overcrowded, which means that intense consolidation is coming
in the next few years. Some loT companies are massive and
employ thousands of people, while others are small operations
with only a handful of employees. Consolidation has been a
growing trend within the loT, as mid-size companies acquire
smaller ones, large companies gobble up mid-size ones, and
massive corporations swallow them all.
The companies that get acquired oftentimes provide a niche
product or service that fills a gap in the larger companies'
operations in order to better serve customers' needs. In turn,
the larger companies help the smaller ones enhance their
offerings.
A recent Business Insider Intelligence survey found that 58% of
loT solution providers and device makers have already noted
some consolidation within their circles. Consider Cisco's
acquisition of Jasper, Verizon's purchase of Fleetmatics, and
Softbank's acquisition of ARM.

Company Size
Interestingly, the majority of companies that have started to
take advantage of the loT are not doing so at a large scale.
According to a Business Insider Intelligence survey, 51% of
respondents said they use fewer than 50 loT devices at their
companies, 13% use between 51 and 100 devices, and 11%
use between 101 and 300 devices.
Furthermore, just 16% of respondents said they use more than
1,000 loT devices. Companies are largely using a smaller and
more manageable number of devices when shifting to digital in
order to keep costs and investments under control as they
continue to study and learn about the Internet of Things.
Size, however, is a key factor in the aforementioned survey
responses. The majority of companies that indicated they had
fewer than 50 loT devices also had fewer than 50 employees at
their businesses. This makes sense, as smaller companies with
limited manpower and resources can only handle IoT projects
on that scale.
Conversely, companies with more than 50 employees are
undertaking larger loT projects because they have the
resources to do so. And most importantly, the largest loT
implementations (with more than 1,000 devices) occur at
companies with more than 500 employees. We expect this last
category of loT implementations to remain unchanged, as
smaller companies cannot handle loT projects on that scale.
However, some smaller companies will start to expand their loT
programs, though this will take considerable time. Furthermore,
these smaller companies will want to become more efficient by
leveraging multipurpose devices to handle their loT needs.
IoT Timeline
When we look at the timeline of the Internet of Things, we see
that the loT has been picking up steam in the last few years.
Business Insider Intelligence surveyed company executives
about if and when they implemented loT solutions and if and
when they started looking into IoT technology.
Among those who have implemented loT solutions, 85% of
respondents only did so in the last two years. This is largely
because lot devices have become more practical and have
received more media coverage since 2014. Among companies
that have thought about but not actually implemented IoT
solutions, 72% said they had internal discussions within the last
year and 21% had internal discussions more than a year ago.
This response data indicates two possibilities: 1) These
companies have just begun looking into loT solutions; 2) They
have decided or been forced to reconsider loT solutions but
have yet to pull the trigger on investing.
Given these responses, particularly the overwhelming
percentage of companies that are at least considering IoT
solutions, the number of loT devices should grow in the coming
years.
Where in the World is the loT?
The Internet of Things has infiltrated most regions of the world,
but it is definitely more prevalent in certain areas of the planet.
Business Insider Intelligence surveyed companies that have
implemented loT solutions about where they offer their loT
services.
An overwhelming majority of respondents (86%) offer loT
products and services in North America, which makes sense
given that these loT solutions focus on the high-tech office
space. Furthermore, North American homes by and large have
greater technology adoption and homeowners have more
disposable income to spend on smart home products.
Meanwhile, 49% of respondents offer their loT solutions in
Europe, which is a significant percentage but not a surprising
one given that European nations follow similar patterns
compared to North American countries.
Finally, 37% of providers offer their IoT products and services in
Asia, 25% in Australia, 24% in South America,
and 16% in Africa.
IoT CHALLENGES
The Internet of Things is certainly growing, but plenty of
roadblocks still exist to true mass adoption. Business Insider
Intelligence surveyed loT providers to ask what are the greatest
challenges and hurdles they have faced to date.
System integration was the greatest problem, according to 46%
of respondents. IoT companies provide services that would
radically transform their clients' everyday operations and long-
term productivity. With such a change comes the need for
education, and providers must inform their clients how the lot
will affect them in the near and distant future.
As a result, Business Insider Intelligence has concluded that
many companies want loT solutions that fit seamlessly and
organically into their existing operations. The problem, though,
is that these operations could be outdated or disparate, which
makes it difficult for loT providers to help them.

Consider, as an example, a manufacturing plant that wants to

integrate its equipment, transmit data from that equipment,
use the cloud to store and analyze the data, display that data
for the workers, and finally send automated signals to the
equipment to fix any problems. The plant's managers might
already have a cloud infrastructure in place, so the loT provider
would need to incorporate this existing solution while also
enhancing the rest of the process and filling in any holes.
The second biggest problem was defining value, as 37% of
respondents noted difficulty with sales and marketing of their
products, while 37% also said they had problems
demonstrating the value of their IoT solutions. This ties back to
the aforementioned education component and the need for IoT
companies to help their clients understand the benefits of the
products.
Third on the list of challenges is security, as 32% of
respondents highlighted data security issues and another 32%
noted device security problems. As we mentioned earlier in the
loT Security & Privacy section, loT companies face several
security and privacy concerns from their clients and the public
at large. Again, education is key to put
consumers' minds at ease.
Finally, data analysis ranked fourth on the list with 31% of
respondents. This problem largely stems from a lack of
necessary personnel at each company to analyze big data.
IoT DEMOGRAPHICS
In broad terms, those who use the loT fall into three categories:
enterprises, governments, and consumers. And each of these
sections offers different benefits and drawbacks for the
companies that sell IoT solutions.
Enterprise is by far the most targeted demographic, as
businesses are the top adopter of loT products and services.
This section will be the main driver of future Internet of Things
growth, as businesses have the resources and personnel to
invest in the loT and also feel the most strongly that they will
reap significant benefits from becoming connected.
Government is second in loT targeting, and this category
breaks down into cities, education, defense, and other
applications. This is a bit of a high-risk, high-reward situation
for IoT providers, as government projects like this are rare but
can be quite massive and lucrative.
Finally, IoT companies target consumers least because the
devices in which they are most interested (smart home
products, smartwatches, fitness trackers, etc.) don't offer the
same growth or scale as governments and enterprises;
however, the consumer sector does provide some significant
long-term growth potential.
A majority of IoT companies in the Business Insider Intelligence
survey had only considered or actually implemented loT
solutions starting in 2014. But Business Insider Intelligence dug
deeper and asked these respondents how long their companies
have been engaged in any capacity with the loT. The survey
said that 53% of these companies have been engaged with the
loT for at least three years, including 17% who have done so for
seven or more years.
 THE FUTURE OF THE IoT

The Internet of Things has been coming into its own in the last
several years, and now the loT ecosystem has settled into five
major components: remotes, networks, platforms, hardware,
and security.
Each of these segments will develop in their own ways in the
coming years. Below, we've outlined the path ahead for each
component.
 Remotes: A plethora of smart home executives predict
that the remote will disappear In lieu of artificial
Intelligence, which will help the smart home react to its
environment. For example, a user would not have to speak
a voice command in order to turn off the lights and lock
the doors at night. Instead, the Al would anticipate and
perform these functions automatically. Al should start to
take on a greater role in the IoT in the coming years.
 Networks: The single greatest development for networks
in the coming years will be on 5G, as this cellular standard
is poised to push the lot to new heights. An Ericsson
survey found that 95% of leaders at mobile network
operators believe that 5G will help support the surge in
data from these loT devices. Furthermore, 5G will also
decrease maintenance costs on some of these loT
solutions, specifically by reducing power consumption and
allowing longer battery life. This in turn would reduce the
cost of maintaining these battery-powered devices. And
operators have significant plans for 5G adoption, as most
plan to start 5G trials sooner rather than later.
 Platforms: Many major players in the loT space are trying
to create a soup to nuts offering that fulfills all of a
customer's needs. Some have done this by investing in
their own loT solutions, while others have acquired
companies that fill the gaps. Expect the Investments and
acquisitions to pick up speed in the coming years.
 Hardware: IBM and ARM are pioneering cheap embedded
semiconductor technology, which would help push the lot
forward by making this key component available to a wide
range of companies.
 Security: Unfortunately, security will continue to lag
behind despite the coming upward trend in IoT device
sales. As of the end of 2016, security remained a problem.
In October 2016, hackers attacked Dyn, one of the biggest
DNS providers in the world, and caused massive disruption
 to the Internet, primarily in the eastern U.S. But more
concerning is that the hack used common connected
devices such as cameras, printers, and routers.

THE BOTTOM LINE

 The Internet of Things will make the world truly connected

by 2020.
 The companies that succeed in this new connected world
will be those who embrace consumers' desire to
seamlessly integrate their devices and improve their
quality of life.
 Transportation, energy, and wearable devices will be three
of the areas most affected by the Internet of Things in the
next several years.
 Major tech companies such as Apple and Google are
wholly embracing the loT, but smaller companies can
carve out their own niche in this growing market.
 IoT companies must address consumers' valid concerns
regarding security and privacy in order to win their trust
and earn their money in this connected world.
BUSINESS INSIDER

INTELLIGENCE
Business Insider Intelligence is a research service delivering
analysis on the biggest trends and decisions shaping the future
of your industry. Our research is fast and nimble to reflect the
speed of developments in today's business, and we provide
actionable insights that enable smarter and better-informed
decision-making. We publish research reports, daily email
briefings, and an exhaustive library of charts and data focusing
on key industries: Connectivity & Tech, Banking, Payments &
Commerce, Digital Health, Fintech, and Digital Media.
We have several ways your organization can learn more
about our service:

1) Contact us and a member of our team will reach out with

more information about an Enterprise membership.
2) Learn more about our Connectivity & Tech Pro product.
3) Purchase and download the full version of this report.

Copyright © 2019 Insider Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Proprietary and Confidential Property of Insider Inc.
Licensed for Use by Business Insider Intelligence
Subscribers Only.

Access to and use of this proprietary and confidential

information is limited by the terms and conditions.