The Ultimate Roadmap to Learning Agentic AI:

A Comprehensive, Step-by-Step Roadmap

This roadmap is structured to be followed chronologically. Each step is broken down into smaller
tasks with specific resources and actionable steps.

Phase 1: Foundational Knowledge (Months 1- 4)

This phase is all about building a strong foundation in Python, machine learning, and natural
language processing. Don't rush through this; a solid foundation is crucial for success in Agentic AI.

Step 1: Python for AI (Weeks 1-6)

1.1. Core Python (Weeks 1-4)
Develop a deep understanding of Python's syntax, data structures, control flow, and functions.
This is the bedrock of your AI journey.​

Learn:
●​ Data Types: int, float, str, bool, list, tuple, dict, set.
●​ Operators: Arithmetic, comparison, logical, assignment, membership, identity.
●​ Control Flow: if, elif, else, for, while, break, continue.
●​ Functions: Definition, arguments, return values, scope, lambda functions, recursion.

Resources:
Courses
●​ Python for Everybody (University of Michigan on Coursera): - Excellent for beginners,
well-structured, and taught by a great instructor (Dr. Chuck).
●​ Introduction to Computer Science and Programming in Python (MIT OpenCourseware):
A more rigorous and theoretical introduction to computer science using Python.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

 ●​ Google's Python Class: https://developers.google.com/edu/python - Free, text-based
course with exercises.

Interactive Platforms:

●​ Codecademy (Python 3): https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python-3 - Interactive

lessons and projects.
●​ LearnPython.org: https://www.learnpython.org/ - Another good interactive tutorial.
●​ HackerRank: https://www.hackerrank.com/domains/python - Practice coding challenges.
Start with the easy ones.
●​ LeetCode: - More challenging problems (start with easy).

Books:

○​ "Automate the Boring Stuff with Python, 2nd Edition" by Al Sweigart:

https://automatetheboringstuff.com/ - Learn by automating real-world tasks. Work
through chapters 1-6.
○​ "Python Crash Course, 3rd Edition" by Eric Matthes: Well-structured and
beginner-friendly.

Steps:​

Weeks 1-2:

●​ Choose one primary course (e.g., Python for Everybody or MIT 6.0001) and commit to it.
●​ Don't just watch the videos or read passively. Type out the code yourself, experiment,
modify it, and make sure you understand what's happening before moving on.
●​ Complete all exercises, quizzes, and challenges in your chosen course.
●​ Work through the corresponding chapters in "Automate the Boring Stuff" (or "Python
Crash Course") and do the practice projects.
●​ Use Codecademy or LearnPython.org for interactive practice.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

Weeks 3-4:

●​ Continue with your chosen course, focusing on functions and data structures.
●​ Start working on more challenging problems on HackerRank or LeetCode (easy level). Filter
for problems related to the topics you've covered.
●​ Combine different concepts to create small, functional programs.

1.2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) In-Depth (Weeks 5-6)

Master OOP principles and learn how to design and implement classes effectively in Python.​
Learn Classes and objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, abstract base classes, magic
methods.​

Resources:
Courses:​

●​ Object-Oriented Programming in Python (on Coursera): - This course specifically focuses

on OOP in Python.

Books:

●​ "Automate the Boring Stuff with Python, 2nd Edition": Chapter 17 has a good overview of
OOP.
●​ "Python Crash Course, 3rd Edition": Chapters 9 and 10 cover classes in more depth.
●​ "Fluent Python, 2nd Edition" by Luciano Ramalho: Chapters 12-22 provide an advanced
treatment of OOP (save this for later).

Articles:

●​ Real Python - Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python 3:

https://realpython.com/python3-object-oriented-programming/ - A comprehensive guide.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

Steps:​

Week 5:

●​ Start with a Course: Begin with the "Object-Oriented Programming in Python" course on
Coursera or a similar course on edX.
●​ Create Simple Classes:
○​ BankAccount
○​ Dog
○​ Rectangle
●​ Practice: Implement the classes, experiment with creating objects, and call their methods.

Week 6:

●​ Explore inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation in more detail.

●​ Abstract Base Classes: Learn how to use the abc module and the @abstractmethod decorator.
●​ Magic Methods: Experiment with different magic methods.
●​ Project: Design and implement a more complex system using OOP:
○​ Text-Based Adventure Game
○​ Library Management System
○​ Student Management System
○​ Basic Card Game

1.3. Essential Libraries for Data Science and ML (Weeks 7-8)

Become proficient in using NumPy, Pandas, and Requests.​

Learn:
●​ NumPy: Arrays, array operations, broadcasting, linear algebra, random number generation.
●​ Pandas: Series, DataFrames, data input/output, data selection and filtering, data
manipulation, data transformation, data aggregation and grouping, time series data.
●​ Requests: Making HTTP requests, handling responses, passing parameters, authentication.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

Resources:​

NumPy:

●​ NumPy Quickstart Tutorial: https://numpy.org/doc/stable/user/quickstart.html

●​ NumPy User Guide: [https://numpy.org/doc/stable/user/
●​ Stanford CS231n - Python NumPy Tutorial:
https://cs231n.github.io/python-numpy-tutorial/ - A great tutorial from the Stanford
CS231n course.

Pandas:

●​ Pandas "10 Minutes to pandas"

●​ Pandas User Guide:https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/user_guide/index.html
●​ Kaggle's Pandas Tutorial: https://www.kaggle.com/learn/pandas
●​ "Python for Data Analysis, 3rd Edition" by Wes McKinney (creator of Pandas): A
comprehensive guide (focus on Chapters 5, 6, and 7 for now).

Requests:

●​ Requests Quickstart: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/user/quickstart/

●​ Requests Documentation: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/

Steps:​

Week 7:

●​ NumPy: Work through the NumPy tutorials and user guide sections. Practice creating
arrays, performing operations, and understanding broadcasting. Start working on small
linear algebra problems.
●​ Pandas: Complete the "10 Minutes to pandas" tutorial and the Kaggle Pandas tutorial.
Focus on understanding Series, DataFrames, data import/export, selection, filtering, and
basic manipulation.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

Week 8:

●​ Requests: Work through the "Requests Quickstart" guide and documentation.

●​ Project: Write a script that fetches data from a public API, parses the JSON response,
extracts information, and optionally stores it in a CSV file using Pandas.
●​ Pandas (Continued): Start reading "Python for Data Analysis" (Chapters 5, 6, 7).
●​ Project: Find a dataset and perform a more in-depth analysis using Pandas.
●​ Practice Project (Combining Libraries): Web Scraping and Analysis (use Requests, Beautiful
Soup (you'll need to install it - pip install beautifulsoup4), and Pandas).

Step 2: Machine Learning Fundamentals (Weeks 9-12)

2.1. Core ML Concepts and Algorithms (Weeks 9-10)
Develop a solid theoretical understanding of supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement
learning.​

Learn:
●​ Supervised Learning: Regression (Linear, Polynomial), Classification (Logistic Regression,
Decision Trees, Random Forests, SVM, KNN).
●​ Unsupervised Learning: Clustering (K-Means, Hierarchical), Dimensionality Reduction
(PCA).
●​ Reinforcement Learning: Basic concepts (agent, environment, state, action, reward, policy),
MDPs, Q-learning, SARSA.
●​ Evaluation Metrics: Regression (MAE, MSE, RMSE, R-squared), Classification (Accuracy,
Precision, Recall, F1-score, ROC Curve, AUC), General (Confusion Matrix).
●​ Bias-Variance Tradeoff: Understand underfitting, overfitting, and techniques to find the
right balance.
●​ Cross-Validation: K-Fold, Stratified K-Fold, Leave-One-Out.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

Resources:
Courses:​

●​ Machine Learning by Stanford University (Andrew Ng on Coursera):

https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning - This is your primary resource. It's a
comprehensive and foundational course. Focus on the concepts.
●​ Machine Learning Specialization by University of Washington (Coursera):
https://www.coursera.org/specializations/machine-learning - Another excellent option,
covering similar topics with a slightly different approach.
●​ Intro to Machine Learning with TensorFlow (Udacity):

Books:

●​ "Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras & TensorFlow, 3rd Edition" by
Aurélien Géron.
●​ "The Hundred-Page Machine Learning Book" by Andriy Burkov: A concise overview of
essential concepts.
●​ "Elements of Statistical Learning" by Hastie, Tibshirani, and Friedman: A more advanced
and theoretical text (for reference later).

Other Resources:

●​ StatQuest with Josh Starmer (YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/user/joshstarmer/ -

Visual explanations of ML concepts.
●​ 3Blue1Brown (YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/ - Visualizations for
linear algebra and calculus.

Steps:​

Weeks 9-10:

●​ Focus on the Coursera Machine Learning course (Andrew Ng): Watch the lectures, take
notes, and complete the quizzes.
●​ Supplement with StatQuest and 3Blue1Brown: Use these for visual explanations of
complex topics.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

2.2. Mastering Scikit-learn (Weeks 11-12)

Become proficient in using Scikit-learn for data preprocessing, model training, evaluation, and
selection.​

Learn:​

●​ Data Preprocessing: StandardScaler, MinMaxScaler, RobustScaler, Normalizer, Binarizer,

OneHotEncoder, OrdinalEncoder, SimpleImputer, MissingIndicator.
●​ Model Selection and Evaluation: train_test_split, cross_val_score, GridSearchCV,
RandomizedSearchCV, learning curves, validation curves.
●​ Pipelines: Pipeline class, make_pipeline, FeatureUnion.

Resources:​

●​ Scikit-learn User Guide:- Your primary resource.

Focus on:

○​ Preprocessing data: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html

○​ Model selection and evaluation:
https://scikit-learn.org/stable/model_selection.html
○​ Pipelines and composite estimators:
https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/compose.html
●​ "Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras & TensorFlow": Chapters 2 and 3
have practical examples using Scikit-learn.
●​ Scikit-learn Course on Kaggle

Steps:​

Weeks 11-12:

●​ Deep Dive into Scikit-learn Documentation: Spend time reading the relevant sections of
the Scikit-learn User Guide.
●​ Practice with Projects:

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

 ○​ Titanic Survivor Prediction (Kaggle): Refactor your code to use Scikit-learn's
preprocessing tools, pipelines, and model selection techniques. Experiment with
different preprocessing steps, models, and hyperparameters. Use GridSearchCV or
RandomizedSearchCV to automate hyperparameter tuning. Evaluate using
cross-validation and appropriate metrics. Analyze using learning curves and
validation curves.
○​ Iris Flower Classification: Re-implement this project with Scikit-learn best practices.
○​ House Price Prediction: Refactor, experiment, and analyze.
●​ Kaggle Scikit-learn course: Work through the exercises and notebooks provided in the
course to gain more practical experience.

Step 3: Natural Language Processing (NLP) Fundamentals (Weeks

13-16)

3.1. Core NLP Techniques and Concepts (Weeks 13-14)​

Develop a strong understanding of how text data is processed and represented for machine
learning models, including modern techniques like word embeddings.​

Learn Tokenization, text cleaning, stemming, lemmatization, POS tagging, NER, text
representation (BoW, TF-IDF, word embeddings - Word2vec, GloVe, FastText).​

Resources:
Courses:

●​ Natural Language Processing Specialization (DeepLearning.AI on Coursera): - Focus on

the first course, "Natural Language Processing with Classification and Vector Spaces."
●​ Stanford CS224N: Natural Language Processing with Deep Learning (YouTube):
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoROMvodv4rOhcuXMZkNm7j3fVwBBY42z -
Lectures 1-4 are relevant here.
●​ Hugging Face NLP Course: [https://huggingface.co/learn/nlp-course/chapter1/1

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

Books:

●​ "Natural Language Processing with Python" by Steven Bird, Ewan Klein, and Edward
Loper (NLTK Book): https://www.nltk.org/book/
●​ "Speech and Language Processing" by Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin: A more
advanced textbook (for reference).

Articles and Blogs:

●​ "A Visual Guide to Using BERT for the First Time" by Jay Alammar:
http://jalammar.github.io/a-visual-guide-to-using-bert-for-the-first-time/2
●​ "The Illustrated Word2vec" by Jay Alammar:
http://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-word2vec/
●​ TensorFlow - Word Embeddings:
https://www.tensorflow.org/text/guide/word_embeddings

Steps:
Weeks 13-14:

●​ Theory and Concepts:

○​ Work through the first course of the DeepLearning.AI NLP Specialization on
Coursera.
○​ Supplement with lectures 1-4 of the Stanford CS224N course on YouTube.
○​ Read the relevant chapters of the NLTK book (Chapters 1-3).
○​ Read the suggested articles and blog posts, especially those by Jay Alammar.
●​ Hands-on Practice (NLTK):
○​ Use the NLTK library to practice tokenization, stemming, lemmatization, POS
tagging, and NER.
○​ Experiment with different tokenization methods and compare the results.
○​ Build a simple text classification system using a bag-of-words or TF-IDF
representation and a simple classifier from Scikit-learn.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

3.2. NLTK and spaCy for Practical NLP (Weeks 15-16)​
Gain practical experience using NLTK and spaCy for common text processing tasks. Learn NLTK
(core functionalities), spaCy (core functionalities, processing pipeline, customization).

Resources:
●​ NLTK Book: https://www.nltk.org/book/ - Work through the examples and exercises in
Chapters 1-8.
●​ spaCy 101: https://spacy.io/usage/spacy-101
●​ spaCy API Documentation: https://spacy.io/api
●​ Advanced NLP with spaCy: [https://course.spacy.io/en/
●​ Real Python - spaCy Tutorial:
https://realpython.com/natural-language-processing-spacy-python/
●​ NLTK Tutorial for Beginners:
https://www.datacamp.com/tutorial/text-analytics-beginners-nltk

Steps:
Weeks 15-16:

●​ NLTK:
○​ Work through the NLTK Book & Actively code along with the examples.
○​ Complete the exercises to Reinforce your understanding.
●​ spaCy:
○​ Complete the "spaCy 101" tutorial to Get comfortable with the basic spaCy
workflow.
○​ Work through the "Advanced NLP with spaCy" course.
○​ Read the Real Python spaCy tutorial.
●​ Comparative Project:
○​ Choose a Text Processing Task: Sentiment analysis, text classification, or named
entity recognition.
○​ Implement with Both NLTK and spaCy: Build two versions, one using each library.
○​ Compare and Contrast: Analyze the differences in code, performance, and ease of
use.
●​ Example Project Ideas:
○​ Sentiment Analysis of Movie Reviews (e.g., IMDB dataset).
○​ Topic Modeling of News Articles.
○​ Named Entity Recognition for a Specific Domain.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

Phase 2: Deep Learning for NLP and Generative AI
(Months 4-6)
Now you're ready to dive into the world of deep learning!

Step 4: Deep Learning for NLP (Weeks 17-22)

4.1. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) (Weeks 17-18)​

Understand RNNs, their limitations, and learn about LSTMs and GRUs.

Learn Sequential data, RNN architecture, hidden state, weight sharing, Backpropagation Through
Time (BPTT), vanishing and exploding gradients, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks,
Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), Bidirectional RNNs.​

Resources:​

Courses:

●​ Deep Learning Specialization (DeepLearning.AI on Coursera): Focus on Course 5:

Sequence Models, Week 1.
●​ Stanford CS224N: Natural Language Processing with Deep Learning (YouTube):
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoROMvodv4rOhcuXMZkNm7j3fVwBBY42z -
Lectures 5-7 are particularly relevant.
●​ MIT 6.S191: Introduction to Deep Learning: http://introtodeeplearning.com/

Books:

●​ "Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras & TensorFlow": Chapter 16.
●​ "Deep Learning" by Goodfellow, Bengio, and Courville: Chapters 10 and 12.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

Articles/Blogs:

●​ "Understanding LSTM Networks" by Christopher Olah:

https://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/
●​ "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks" by Andrej Karpathy:
https://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/
●​ "A Beginner's Guide to LSTMs and Recurrent Neural Networks" by Chris Nicholson:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kniSiVuR-FI

Steps:​

Weeks 17-18:

●​ DeepLearning.AI Specialization - Course 5 (Sequence Models): Work through Week 1

very carefully. Do the programming assignments diligently.
●​ Read Olah's and Karpathy's blog posts. Watch CS224N lectures if needed.
●​ Use TensorFlow/Keras to build and train simple RNNs, GRUs, and LSTMs for tasks like text
classification or sequence generation (you can find many tutorials online).

4.2. Transformer Networks and Attention (Weeks 19-20)​

Understand the Transformer architecture, the self-attention mechanism, and why it has
revolutionized NLP.
Learn about popular models like BERT and GPT, Limitations of RNNs (sequential processing,
difficulty with long-range dependencies), the Transformer architecture, self-attention, multi-head
attention, encoder-decoder structure, positional encodings, BERT (Bidirectional Encoder
Representations from Transformers), GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer).​

Resources:​

Courses:

●​ Deep Learning Specialization (DeepLearning AI on Coursera): Course 5, Week 4 covers

the Transformer architecture.

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

 ●​ Stanford CS224N (YouTube):
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoROMvodv4rOhcuXMZkNm7j3fVwBBY42z -
Lecture 13 and 14 are on Transformers.
●​ Hugging Face NLP Course: [https://huggingface.co/learn/nlp-course/chapter1/1 - This
course provides a practical, hands-on introduction to Transformers using the Hugging Face
library.

Articles/Blogs:

●​ "The Illustrated Transformer" by Jay Alammar:

http://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/ - An absolute must-read. It provides an
incredibly clear and visual explanation of the Transformer.
●​ "The Illustrated BERT, ELMo, and co. (How NLP Cracked Transfer Learning)" by Jay
Alammar: http://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-bert/
●​ "Attention Is All You Need" (original Transformer paper):
[https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762 - This is the paper that introduced the Transformer. It's
more advanced, but it's good to be aware of.
●​ "BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding"
(original BERT paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805
●​ "Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners" (GPT-2 paper)
●​ "The Illustrated Transformer" by Jay Alammar:
http://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/ - An absolute must-read. It provides an
incredibly clear and visual explanation of the Transformer.
●​ "The Illustrated BERT, ELMo, and co. (How NLP Cracked Transfer Learning)" by Jay
Alammar:1 http://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-bert/
●​ "Attention Is All You Need" (original Transformer paper):
https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762 - This is the paper that introduced the Transformer. It's
more advanced, but it's good to be aware of.
●​ "BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding"
(original BERT paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805
●​ "Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners" (GPT-2 paper): [invalid URL
removed]
●​ "Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer" (T5
paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10683
●​ "Train a language model" from Hugging Face:
https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/training

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning

Steps:​

Weeks 19-20:
●​ DeepLearning.AI Specialization: If you are taking this specialization, complete Course 5,
Week 4, which covers the Transformer architecture.
●​ Jay Alammar's Blogs: Read "The Illustrated Transformer" and "The Illustrated BERT"
multiple times. These are crucial for a visual and intuitive understanding.
●​ Stanford CS224N: Watch Lectures 13 and 14 on Transformers.
●​ Hugging Face NLP Course: Start working through this course. It will introduce you to the
Hugging Face library and how to use pre-trained Transformer models.
●​ Original Papers (Optional): If you're feeling ambitious, skim the "Attention Is All You Need"
paper to get a sense of the original source material. Don't worry if you don't understand
everything at this point.
●​ Implementation (Optional): If you want to try implementing a simplified version of the
Transformer from scratch, there are some good tutorials available online (e.g., "The
Annotated Transformer" from Harvard NLP:
https://nlp.seas.harvard.edu/2018/04/03/attention.html). However, for now, it's more
important to understand the concepts and how to use existing libraries.

4.3. Hands-on with Hugging Face Transformers (Weeks 21-22)

Learn how to use the Hugging Face Transformers library to work with pre-trained Transformer
models for various NLP tasks. Hugging Face Transformers library, pre-trained models (BERT,
GPT-2, RoBERTa, etc.), fine-tuning, tokenizers, pipelines, common NLP tasks (text classification,
question answering, text generation, translation, summarization).​

Resources:
○​ Hugging Face NLP Course: https://huggingface.co/learn/nlp-course/chapter1/1 -
This is your primary resource. Work through the entire course.
○​ Hugging Face Documentation: [invalid URL removed] - Get familiar with the
documentation. You'll be referring to it frequently.
○​ Hugging Face Model Hub: https://huggingface.co/models - Explore the available
pre-trained models.
○​ Transformer models: https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/index

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Steps:​

Weeks 21-22:​

●​ Complete the Hugging Face NLP Course: This course will guide you through the process of
using the Hugging Face library for various NLP tasks. You'll learn how to load pre-trained
models, fine-tune them on your own data, and use them for inference.
●​ Experiment with Different Models: Try out different pre-trained models (BERT, RoBERTa,
GPT-2, etc.) and see how they perform on different tasks.
●​ Fine-tune a Model: Choose an NLP task (e.g., text classification, question answering) and
fine-tune a pre-trained Transformer model on a relevant dataset.
●​ Build a Project: Create a small project that uses a Transformer model for a real-world
application. For example:
○​ A chatbot that uses a fine-tuned GPT-2 model to generate responses.
○​ A sentiment analyzer that uses a fine-tuned BERT model to classify text as positive
or negative.
○​ A question-answering system that uses a BERT model to answer questions based on
a given context.
○​ A text summarizer using a T5 model.

Step 5: Generative AI (Weeks 23-26)

Explore the fundamentals of generative AI, including different types of generative models and
their applications. Generative vs. discriminative models, Variational Autoencoders (VAEs),
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), diffusion models, autoregressive models (like GPT),
applications of generative AI (text generation, image generation, code generation, etc.).​

Resources:​

Courses:

●​ Generative AI with Large Language Models (DeepLearning AI on Coursera): - A good

overview of generative AI concepts, with a focus on LLMs.
●​ Generative Deep Learning with TensorFlow

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 ●​ Deep Learning (Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville): Chapters on
generative models.
●​ Introduction to Generative AI by Google:
https://www.cloudskillsboost.google/journeys/118

Articles/Blogs:

●​ OpenAI's Blog: https://openai.com/blog - Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in

generative AI.
●​ DeepMind's Blog: https://www.deepmind.com/blog
●​ Google AI Blog: https://ai.googleblog.com/
●​ Distill.pub: https://distill.pub/ - Look for articles on generative models (e.g., "Emergent Tool
Use from Multi-Agent Interaction").

Papers (Skim to get a sense of the research):

●​ "Generative Adversarial Networks" (original GAN paper):

https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.2661
●​ "Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes" (original VAE paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.6114
●​ "Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models" (DDPM paper):
https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11239

Steps:​

Weeks 23-24:

●​ Focus on Concepts:
○​ Work through the "Generative AI with Large Language Models" course on Coursera.
○​ Read blog posts from OpenAI, DeepMind, and Google AI to get a sense of the
current state of the field.
○​ Skim the original GAN and VAE papers to get a basic understanding of their core
ideas.
●​ Experiment with Pre-trained Models:
○​ Use the Hugging Face library to experiment with pre-trained GPT models for text
generation.

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 ○​ Explore online demos of image generation models (like DALL-E 2, Stable Diffusion, or
Midjourney) to get a feel for their capabilities.

Weeks 25-26:​

Choose a Generative AI Project:

●​ Text Generation: Fine-tune a GPT model on a specific dataset to generate text in a

particular style (e.g., poems, short stories, code, scripts).
●​ Image Generation (More Advanced): If you're interested in computer vision, you could try
training a simple GAN or VAE on a small image dataset (e.g., MNIST, Fashion MNIST). This is
more challenging, but there are many tutorials available online.
●​ Explore Other Applications: Look into other applications of generative AI, such as music
generation, video generation, or drug discovery. Choose a project that interests you and
aligns with your skills.

Phase 3: Agentic AI (Months 7-9)

Now it's time to put everything together and start building intelligent agents!

Step 6: Agentic AI Fundamentals (Weeks 27-29)

Develop a strong understanding of what agentic AI is, its key components, different types of
agents, and common agent architectures.
Also learn Autonomy, proactivity, reactivity, social ability, adaptability, goal-oriented, rationality,
perception, decision-making, action, memory, simple reflex agents, model-based reflex agents,
goal-based agents, utility-based agents, learning agents, deliberative architectures, subsumption
architectures, reactive architectures, hybrid architectures, cognitive architectures.​

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Resources:
​
Books:
●​ "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (AIMA)" by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig:
This is the definitive AI textbook. Chapters 1, 2, and 26 are particularly relevant for this
step.
●​ "Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction" by Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto:
https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/reinforcement-learning-second-edition - Chapter 1
provides a good introduction to agent-environment interaction.

Courses:

●​ Artificial Intelligence (AI) by Columbia University on edX: - Covers intelligent agents,

search, and other AI topics.
●​ Berkeley CS188: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence:
https://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs188/fa23/ - Lectures 1-5 are relevant.

Articles:

●​ "Intelligent Agents: Theory and Practice" by Michael Wooldridge

Steps:
Weeks 27-29:​

●​ Carefully read Chapters 1, 2, and 26 of the AIMA textbook.

●​ Work through the relevant lectures from the Columbia AI course on edX or the Berkeley
CS188 course.
●​ Read the article by Michael Wooldridge.
●​ Conceptual Project:
○​ Design Different Agents: On paper, design different types of agents (simple reflex,
model-based, goal-based, utility-based) for a specific task (e.g., a vacuum cleaner
robot, a chess-playing agent, a personal assistant).
○​ Analyze Architectures: Consider which agent architecture (deliberative, reactive,
hybrid) would be most suitable for different scenarios.

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Step 7: Agentic AI Design Patterns (Weeks 30-32)
Learn about common design patterns used in agentic AI to address recurring challenges and create
more robust and capable agents.​

Also, Tool use pattern, Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pattern, planning pattern,
reflection pattern, multi-agent collaboration pattern, agent-human interaction pattern.​

Resources:​

Blogs:​

●​ LangChain Blog: https://blog.langchain.dev/ - Often discusses agent design patterns,

especially in the context of LangChain.
●​ Towards Data Science: https://towardsdatascience.com/ Search for articles on agent
design patterns.

Research Papers: Search academic databases (e.g., arXiv, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library) for
papers on "agent design patterns," "agent architectures," and specific patterns like "tool use" or
"multi-agent collaboration."​

Conferences:

■​ AAMAS (International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent

Systems)
■​ IJCAI (International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence)
■​ AAAI (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence)

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Steps:​

Weeks 30-32:​

●​ Spend time reading blog posts and research papers on agent design patterns. Focus on
understanding the patterns listed above (tool use, RAG, planning, reflection, multi-agent
collaboration, agent-human interaction).
●​ LangChain Focus: Pay close attention to how LangChain implements and discusses these
patterns.
●​ For the agents you designed in the previous step (Conceptual Project in Step 6), consider
how you could incorporate these design patterns to improve their capabilities.
●​ Look for examples of these patterns in action. Many of the frameworks discussed in the
next step (LangChain, AutoGen, etc.) provide examples of how to implement these patterns.

Step 8: Agentic AI Frameworks (Weeks 33-36)

Get hands-on experience with popular frameworks for building agentic AI systems. Learn
LangChain, LangGraph, AutoGen (Microsoft), CrewAI, and Agentic Autopilot.​

Resources:​

Official Documentation and Tutorials:

●​ LangChain: https://python.langchain.com/docs/get_started/introduction
●​ LangGraph: https://python.langchain.com/docs/langgraph
●​ AutoGen: https://microsoft.github.io/autogen/
●​ CrewAI: https://docs.crewai.com/

Examples and Cookbooks:

●​ LangChain Cookbook: https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/tree/master/cookbook

●​ LangGraph Examples: https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph/tree/main/examples
●​ Awesome LangChain: https://github.com/kyrolabs/awesome-langchain
●​ CrewAI Examples: https://github.com/joaomdmoura/crewAI-examples
●​ AutoGen Examples: https://github.com/microsoft/autogen/tree/main/samples

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Online Courses and Tutorials:
LangChain Courses on DeepLearning.AI:

●​ LangChain for LLM Application Development

●​ LangChain Chat with Your Data
●​ LangChain: Building LLM-Powered Apps (on Udemy and other platforms)

AutoGen Courses:

●​ Building Multi-Agent Applications with AutoGen

Steps:
​
Weeks 33-34:
Focus on LangChain:

●​ Work through the official LangChain documentation and tutorials.

●​ Complete the "LangChain for LLM Application Development" and "LangChain Chat with
Your Data" short courses on DeepLearning.AI.
●​ Explore the LangChain Cookbook and experiment with the examples.
●​ Build a Project: Create a project using LangChain. Here are some ideas:
○​ Document Q&A System: Build a system that can answer questions based on a given
document or set of documents.
○​ Chatbot with Memory: Create a chatbot that can remember previous interactions
and maintain context.
○​ API Interaction Agent: Build an agent that can interact with external APIs (e.g.,
weather API, news API, etc.).
○​ Data Analysis Agent: Build an agent that can perform data analysis tasks using
Pandas and other libraries.

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Weeks 35-36:

Explore Other Frameworks:

●​ LangGraph: If you're interested in more complex agent workflows and state management,
work through the LangGraph documentation and examples.
●​ AutoGen: Work through the AutoGen documentation and examples. Take a course on
"Building Multi-Agent Applications with AutoGen" if available. Build a project that involves
multiple agents collaborating to solve a problem.
●​ CrewAI: If you're interested in multi-agent systems, explore CrewAI.

Compare and Contrast: As you work with these frameworks, compare their features, strengths,
and weaknesses. Consider which framework is best suited for different types of agentic
applications.

Build a Multi-Agent Project (Optional): If you have time, try to build a project that involves
multiple agents working together. This could be a simulation, a game, or a system that automates a
complex task.

Phase 4: Advanced Topics

This phase is about deepening your knowledge, exploring advanced topics, and staying up-to-date
with the rapidly evolving field of agentic AI.

Step 9: Advanced Agentic AI Concepts (Months 10-12)

Dive deeper into advanced topics in agentic AI, such as multi-agent systems, reinforcement
learning for agents, and agent safety and ethics.​

Learn: ​

●​ Multi-Agent Systems (MAS):

○​ Communication and Coordination: Protocols, languages, negotiation, conflict
resolution.
○​ Cooperation and Competition: Different models of interaction between agents.
○​ Game Theory: How game theory can be used to model agent interactions.

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 ○​ Distributed Problem Solving: Techniques for solving problems collaboratively with
multiple agents.
●​ Reinforcement Learning for Agents:
○​ Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL): Extending RL to scenarios with
multiple agents.
○​ Deep Reinforcement Learning: Using deep neural networks as function
approximators in RL.
○​ Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs): Dealing with
situations where agents have incomplete information about the environment.
●​ Agent Safety and Ethics:
○​ Ensuring that agents' goals are aligned with human values.
○​ Understanding why agents make certain decisions.
○​ Protecting agents from adversarial attacks and unexpected situations.
○​ Bias and Fairness: Addressing potential biases in agent behavior.
○​ Social Impact: Considering the broader societal implications of agentic AI.
●​ Agent Memory:
○​ Types of Memory: Working memory, episodic memory, semantic memory.
○​ Memory Architectures: How memory is represented and accessed in agents.
○​ Memory and Learning: How agents can use memory to improve their performance
over time.

Resources:​

Books:

●​ "Multiagent Systems: Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations" by Yoav

Shoham and Kevin Leyton-Brown: [invalid URL removed] - A comprehensive and
theoretical treatment of multi-agent systems.
●​ "Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction" by Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto:
https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/reinforcement-learning-second-edition - Chapters on deep
RL and multi-agent RL.
●​ "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach": Chapters on multi-agent systems and
philosophical foundations (ethics).

Courses:

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 ●​ Reinforcement Learning Specialization (University of Alberta on Coursera):
https://www.coursera.org/specializations/reinforcement-learning - This specialization
covers advanced RL topics, including deep RL and some aspects of multi-agent RL.
●​ Deep Reinforcement Learning (Berkeley): https://rail.eecs.berkeley.edu/deeprlcourse/
●​ MIT 6.S191 Introduction to Deep Learning: http://introtodeeplearning.com/

Conferences and Journals:

●​ AAMAS, IJCAI, AAAI: Look for papers on multi-agent systems, reinforcement learning, and
agent safety.
●​ Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR): https://www.jair.org/index.php/jair
●​ Artificial Intelligence (journal):
[https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/artificial-intelligence
●​ IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence:
https://cis.ieee.org/publications/ieee-transactions-on-artificial-intelligence

Step 10: Continuous Learning and Staying Up-to-Date (Ongoing)

The field of AI is constantly evolving. Make a habit of continuous learning to stay current with the
latest advancements.​

Strategies:​

●​ Follow Key Researchers and Organizations:

○​ On X, LinkedIn, or other platforms: Follow leading researchers in AI, agentic AI,
deep learning, and NLP.
○​ Subscribe to Newsletters: Many organizations (e.g., OpenAI, DeepMind, Google AI)
have newsletters that provide updates on their research.
●​ Read Research Papers:
○​ arXiv: [https://arxiv.org/ - A pre-print server where many AI researchers post their
latest work.

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 ○​ Conferences: Keep an eye on top AI conferences (NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, AAAI, IJCAI,
AAMAS) and read papers from their proceedings.
○​ Journals: Follow journals like JAIR, Artificial Intelligence, and IEEE Transactions on
AI.
●​ Attend Conferences and Workshops (Virtual or In-Person):
○​ Connect with other researchers and practitioners.
○​ Hear about the latest research and trends.
●​ Join Online Communities:
○​ Reddit: Subreddits like r/MachineLearning, r/artificial, r/LangChainAI.
○​ Discord: Many AI and deep learning communities have Discord servers.
○​ Slack: Look for Slack groups related to your specific interests.
●​ Experiment with New Tools and Frameworks:
○​ The field is constantly evolving, so be open to trying out new tools and frameworks
as they emerge.
●​ Contribute to Open Source:
○​ Contribute to open-source projects related to agentic AI. This is a great way to learn
from others, improve your skills, and make a contribution to the field.
●​ Build and Share Your Own Projects:
○​ Create a portfolio of your agentic AI projects. This will help you demonstrate your
skills to potential employers or collaborators.
○​ Share your work through a blog or on GitHub. This can help you get feedback,
connect with others, and contribute to the community.

This roadmap is a starting point. Adapt it to your own interests and goals. The most important
thing is to keep learning, experimenting, and building! Good luck on your agentic AI journey!

By Shailesh Shakya | All Rights Reserved 2025 | https://beginnersblog.org & https://t.me/openailearning