SPE 65415 Chemical Systems for Water

and Gas Control: Terminology, Evaluation Methods,

Candidate Selection, and Expectations
C. Wouter Botermans,
Botermans, E. Dwyann Dalrymple,
Dalrymple,
and J. Dahl, Halliburton, David Smith, Halliburton (now with Oxy)

Water and Gas Production Problems

Reservoir Scale Wellbore Scale Production Facilities
on-shore / off-shore

Producing Through
gas
Coning Fracture System
gas
oil
oil

water water

gas Perforation
oil in water zone
OIL
r
te
wa

WATER oil/gas/water separation

Fracture in Channeling
water zone behind pipe
• Environment
oil

water
• Maintenance
• Reduced Productivity • Chemicals
• Corrosion • Personnel
• Reduced Recovery • Scaling • Safety
• Low Sweep Efficiency • Sand Production • Transport

Chemicals for Water and Gas Control

•Polyacrylamide
•Amphoteric polymer systems
•“Brush Polymer” systems
Cements large channels that transport water or gas:
channels behind pipe, casing holes,
•Two Component Insitu Generated “Brush Polymer” fractures, vugs,
vugs,
•Diesel Oil + Small Particle Sized Cement slurries
•Diesel Oil Cement slurries Polymers for placement in matrix or fractures.
•Externally catalyzed silicate systems Minimum permeability can be required
•Gluteraldehyde crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol polymer depending on molecular weight
•Hydroquinone/Hexamine
Hydroquinone/Hexamine crosslinked polyacrylamide
•Glyoxal complexed cationic copolymer
•Insitu Polymerized Acrylate Monomer Monomers for placement in matrix or fractures, due to
small size applicable in wide range of
•Internally catalyzed silicate systems permeabilities
•Metal-complexed
Metal-complexed hostile environment co-polymer
•Metal-complexed
Metal-complexed polyacrylamide systems
•Microgel Films Silicates for placement in matrix or fractures, due to
small size applicable in wide range of
•Organic catalyzed aluminum hydroxychloride gel permeabilities,
permeabilities, cost effective and available
•Organic hardner sodium silicate gel world wide
•Organically complexed hostile environment co-polymer
•Organically complexed polyacrylamide systems Resins for placement in matrix, fractures or
channels, relatively expensive
•Uncrosslinked Nonionic Biopolymer
•Water Based Resin systems

Non-Sealing : Reduce the flow of water and gas but do not stop
Systems relative permeability modifiers, weak gels, self selective plugging systems

Sealing : Stop the flow of water and gas

cement, polymer gels, resins
Testing of Chemical Systems for Water and Gas Control
Non-Sealing Sealing
In situ gel strength measurement
RRF function of flowrate
to determine System Failure Gradient (SFG)

Experimental Set-up
∆P1 (qi,Sw1) Preferentially with
RRFi = internal pressure taps
∆P0 (qi,Sw0) Saturation with degassed
water ophase undervacuum
where, i = the flowing phase (water or oil)
∆P = pressure drop across core
0 = situation before treatment
1 = situation after treatment
q = flow rate
Sw = water saturation after treatment

System can enter oil and water or gas producing zone. System will be selectively placed in water or gas
Permeability reduction to all phases should be determined producing zone.

Flow sequence Flow sequence

• Watered out zone: Water-O
ater-Oil-W
il-Water-T
ater-Treatment-W
reatment-Water (WOWTW) • Watered out zone: Water-O
ater-Oil-W
il-Water-T
ater-Treatment-W
reatment-Water
• Oil Producing zone: Water-O
ater-Oil-T
il-Treatment-W
reatment-Water (WOTO) (WOWTW)

Treatment Design and Operations Planning

Reservoir Wellbore
Engineering Temperature

oil
gas Problem Identification and Candidate Selection Simulations
Well Schematic

0.0 m
104.0 m
44.2 m TOC RKB
Mud Line

water gas 453.0 m 13 3/8" Conductor Casing

eroil
at
w

oil
Diagnostic Evaluation and Verification 1498.1 m
1520.0 m
1679.0 m

2167.2 m
Liner Isolation Packer
9 5/8" Intermediate Casing

3 1/2" x 2 7/8" Production Tubing

gas water
oil
3146.5 m 5 1/2" Production Liner

water
OIL
Solution and Operations Design
WATER
Operations Planning
Analysis and Evaluations 1.5 inch Coiled
Detailed Placement Pump Unit
Tubing Unit

Chemicals
Procedure Design
•RIH •Inflate •Circulation •Injection •De-
De-flate
flate by
•Pump ball packer mode mode pushing or
elements safety mechanism
Memory Gauge Data
5 00 0 1 30
J
4 50 0 Pressure B 1 25
C
D N
Temp K P R U 1 20
4 00 0
Q
E H T 1 15
3 50 0

1 10
3 00 0 O
Pressure, psi

1 05
S
2 50 0 M
V
F 1 00
2 00 0 L
G
95
I W
1 50 0
90

1 00 0 A 85

5 00 80

0 75
8:20
8:43
9:07
9:31
9:55

0:19
0:43
1:07
1:31
1:55
2:19
2:43
3:07
3:31
3:55
4:19
4:43
5:07
5:31
5:55
6:19
6:43
7:07
7:31
7:55
8:19
8:43
9:07
9:31
9:55
10:19
10:43
11:07
11:31
11:55
12:19
12:43
13:07
13:31
13:55
14:19
14:43
15:07
15:31
15:55
16:19
16:43
17:07
17:31
17:55
18:19
18:43
19:07
19:31
19:55
20:19
20:43
21:07
21:31
21:55
22:19
22:43
23:07
23:31
23:55

10:19
10:43
11:07

Tim e

Reservoir
Data Collection and Interpretation Simulations

Financial Expectations
The financial benefit of water and gas control operations is more than the increased revenue by extra oil or gas production.
800
Current Oil Rate = 500
Current Water Rate = 10,000 BWPD
700 Job Cost = $ 200,000
Post Solution Oil Rate = 600 BOPD
Direct Oil Production Increase 600
NPV @ Discount Rate =$ 1,402,041 Post Solution Water Rate = 2,000 BWPD
Payout = 2.1 Months
Savings of Handling Costs 68,205 Cum Oil Direct Rate Benefit = 100 BOPD
500 Indirect Rate Benfit = 25 BOPD
Savings of Operations Expenses +
Rate (BOPD)

Op Ex Savings = 95 BOPD
53,602 Cum Oil Solution Benefit = 220 BOPD
400
Solution Benefit, SB
Cost of Operation - 300

200

Total Benefit 100 Start Over

New Case
Total Expected Equivalent Cum Oil Benefit = 121,807 Cum Oil Log Plot
0
1

15

22

29
36
43

50

57

64

71
78

85
92

99
106
113

120

127

134
141

148

155

162

169

176

Months