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2 12X 2024 2025 Ficha 12 Resolucao

The document contains mathematical exercises for 12th-grade students, focusing on functions, trigonometric equations, and limits. It includes detailed solutions and derivations for various mathematical problems, demonstrating the application of trigonometric identities and limits. The exercises are intended for educational purposes, specifically for a mathematics course at Escola Secundária de Paredes.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
28 views8 pages

2 12X 2024 2025 Ficha 12 Resolucao

The document contains mathematical exercises for 12th-grade students, focusing on functions, trigonometric equations, and limits. It includes detailed solutions and derivations for various mathematical problems, demonstrating the application of trigonometric identities and limits. The exercises are intended for educational purposes, specifically for a mathematics course at Escola Secundária de Paredes.

Uploaded by

qnxvzh2nrf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Escola

Secundária de Proposta de Resolução da Ficha de Trabalho 12


Paredes

Matemática A

12.º Ano de Escolaridade Turma: X

1. Determinemos o contradomı́nio da função g

−1 ≤ cos (4x) ≤ 1, ∀x ∈ R

∴ −2 ≤ 2 cos (4x) ≤ 2, ∀x ∈ R

∴ −2 ≤ g(x) ≤ 2, ∀x ∈ Dg

Logo, Dg′ = [−2; 2]

As abcissas dos pontos A e B, são soluções da equação g(x) = −2

−2
g(x) = −2 ⇔ −2 cos (4x) = −2 ⇔ cos (4x) = ⇔ cos (4x) = 1 ⇔
−2
2π π
⇔ 4x = 0 + k2π, k ∈ Z ⇔ x = k ,k ∈ Z ⇔ x = k ,k ∈ Z
4 2

Atribuindo valores a k, vem,

k=0→x=0

π
k=1→x=
2

k=2→x= =π
2

k=3→x=
2

Concluindo,

π 

 3π
A ; −2 e B ; −2
2 2
     
 π 3π π 8π π π 6π 2π
2. 3 tan π + − 2 sin + − 2 cos = 3 tan + 2 cos − 2 cos + =
3 2 6 3 3 6 3 3

√ √ √ √ √
 
3 2π π 1
=3× 3+2× − 2 cos = 3 3 + 3 + 2 cos =4 3+2× =4 3+1
2 3 3 2
   
 π π π 11π π π 12π π
3. sin π + − cos + + tan = − sin + sin + tan − =
4 2 4 6 4 4 6 6
√ √ √
2 2  π  π π 3
=− + + tan 2π − = tan − = − tan =−
2 2 6 6 6 3
4. Domı́nio da função g
n π π o n π π o nπ π o
Dg = x ∈ R : 2x − ≠ + kπ, k ∈ Z = x ∈ R : x ̸= + k , k ∈ Z = R \ + k ,k ∈ Z
2 2 2 2 2 2

Cálculos auxiliares

Professor Francisco Cabral 12ºAno - https://omegamat.pt/ - 2024/2025 • Página 1 de 8


π π
2x − = + kπ, k ∈ Z ⇔
2 2
π π
⇔ 2x = + + kπ, k ∈ Z ⇔
2 2

⇔ 2x = + kπ, k ∈ Z ⇔
2

⇔ 2x = π + kπ, k ∈ Z ⇔

π π
⇔x= + k ,k ∈ Z
2 2

Resposta: (D)

5. 4 cos2 (x) + 6 sin(x) − 6 = 0 ⇔ 4 1 − sin2 (x) + 6 sin(x) − 6 = 0 ⇔ 4 − 4 sin2 (x) + 6 sin(x) − 6 = 0 ⇔


 

p
2 −(−3) ± (−3)2 − 4 × 2 × 1
⇔ 2 sin (x) − 3 sin(x) + 1 = 0 ⇔ sin(x) = ⇔
2×2
3±1 3−1 3+1 1
⇔ sin(x) = ⇔ sin(x) = ∨ sin(x) = ⇔ sin(x) = ∨ sin(x) = 1 ⇔
4 4 4 2
π π π π π
⇔ sin(x) = sin ∨ sin(x) = sin ⇔ x = + k2π ∨ x = π − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π∨, k ∈ Z
6 2 6 6 2
π 5π π
⇔x= + k2π ∨ x = + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, k ∈ Z
6 6 2

Atribuindo valores a k, vem,

π 5π π
k = 0 7→ x = ∨x= ∨x=
6 6 2
π 5π π
k = 1 7→ x = + 2π ∨ x = + 2π ∨ x = + 2π
6 6 2
π 12π 5π 12π π 4π
∴x= + ∨x= + ∨x= +
6 6 6 6 2 2
13π 17π 5π
∴x= ∨x= ∨x=
6 6 2
π 5π π
k = −1 7→ x = − 2π ∨ x = − 2π ∨ x = − 2π
6 6 2
π 12π 5π 12π π 4π
∴x= − ∨x= − ∨x= −
6 6 6 6 2 2
11π 7π 3π
∴x=− ∨x=− ∨x=−
6 6 2
 
π π 5π
C.S. = ; ;
6 2 6
6. Resolvendo a equação
√ √ √ 
2 cos(x) + sin(2x) = 0 ⇔ 2 cos(x) + 2 sin(x) cos(x) = 0 ⇔ cos(x) 2 + 2 sin(x) = 0 ⇔

√ √ 2
⇔ cos(x) = 0 ∨ 2 + 2 sin(x) = 0 ⇔ cos(x) = 0 ∨ 2 sin(x) = − 2 ⇔ cos(x) = 0 ∨ sin(x) = − ⇔
2
π  π
⇔ cos(x) = cos ∨ sin(x) = sin − ⇔
2 4
π π π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = − + k2π ∨ x = π + + k2π, k ∈ Z ⇔
2 4 4
π π 5π
⇔x= + kπ ∨ x = − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, k ∈ Z
2 4 4

Professor Francisco Cabral 12ºAno - https://omegamat.pt/ - 2024/2025 • Página 2 de 8


Atribuindo valores a k, vem,

π π 5π
k = 0 7→ x = ∨x=− ∨x=
2 4 4
π π 5π
k = 1 7→ x = + π ∨ x = − + 2π ∨ x = + 2π
2 4 4
π 2π π 8π 5π 8π
∴x= + ∨x=− + ∨x= +
2 2 4 4 4 4
3π 7π 13π
∴x= ∨x= ∨x=
2 4 4
π π 5π
k = −1 7→ x = − π ∨ x = − − 2π ∨ x = − 2π
2 4 4
π 2π π 8π 5π 8π
∴x= − ∨x=− − ∨x= −
2 2 4 4 4 4
π 9π 3π
∴x=− ∨x=− ∨x=−
2 4 4
n π π πo
C.S. = − ; − ;
2 4 2
7. .

2 sin2 x − x sin(2x) ( 00 ) 2 sin2 x x sin(2x)


7.1. lim = lim − lim =
x→0 x sin x x→0 x sin x x→0 x sin x
2 sin x 2 sin x cos x sin x
= lim − lim = 2 × lim − lim (2 cos x)
x→0 x x→0 sin x x→0 x x→0

=2×1−2=0

sin x
Aplicou-se o limite notável lim =1
x→0 x
x sin(2x) ( 00 ) x sin(2x)(1 + cos x)
7.2. lim = lim =
x→0 1 − cos x x→0 (1 − cos x)(1 + cos x)

x sin(2x)(1 + cos x) x sin(2x)(1 + cos x)


= lim = lim
x→0 1 − cos2 x x→0 sin2 x
2x sin x cos x(1 + cos x) 2x cos x(1 + cos x)
= lim 2 = lim
x→0 sin x x→0 sin x
x
= lim × lim [2 cos x(1 + cos x)]
x→0 sin x x→0

1 1
= ×4= ×4=4
sin x 1
lim
x→0 x
sin x
Aplicou-se o limite notável lim =1
x→0 x
x
sin
x x  4x  x
x + tan x tan cos sin
7.3. lim 4 =( 0 ) lim
0
+ lim 4 = 1 + lim 4 = 1 + lim 4x 
x→0 x x→0 x x→0 x x→0 x x→0
x cos
x x 4
sin 1 sin 1 sin y 1
= 1 + lim 4 × lim  x  = 1 + lim x 4 × = 1 + lim ×
x→0 x x→0
cos x→0
×4 1 y→0 y 4
4 4
1 1 5
=1+1× =1+ =
4 4 4
Fez-se a mudança de variável
x
y= ⇔ x = 4y
4

Professor Francisco Cabral 12ºAno - https://omegamat.pt/ - 2024/2025 • Página 3 de 8


Se x → 0, então, y → 0

sin x
Aplicou-se o limite notável lim =1
x→0 x
2 sin x − sin(2x) ( 00 ) 2 sin x − 2 sin x cos x 2 sin x (1 − cos x)
7.4. lim 3
= lim 2
= lim =
x→0 sin x (1 − cos x) x→0 sin x (1 − cos x) (1 + cos x + cos x) x→0 sin x (1 − cos x) (1 + cos x + cos2 x)

2 2
= lim 2
=
x→0 1 + cos x + cos x 3
Cálculos auxiliares

Seja y = cos x

Então, 1 − cos3 x = − cos3 x + 1 = −y 3 + 1

Sabe-se que 1 é zero de −y 3 + 1, então,

−y 3 + 1 = (y − 1)Q(y)

Pela regra de Ruffini, vem,

−1 0 0 1
1 −1 −1 −1
−1 −1 −1 0
Assim,

Q(y) = −y 2 − y − 1

Logo,

−y 3 + 1 = (y − 1)(−y 2 − y − 1) = (1 − y)(y 2 + y + 1)

Como, y = cos x, vem,



1 − cos3 x = (1 − cos x) 1 + cos x + cos2 x

8. .

8.1. Ora,

f (π) = e− sin π = e−0 = 1

Assim,

f (x) = f (π) ⇔ e− sin x = 1 ⇔ e− sin x = e0 ⇔ − sin x = 0 ⇔ sin x = 0 ⇔ x = kπ, k ∈ Z

Portanto,

C.S. = {kπ, k ∈ Z}

8.2. Determinemos a função derivada de f


′
f ′ (x) = e− sin x = − cos xe− sin x


Determinemos os zeros de f ′ em ]0; 2π[

f ′ (x) = 0 ⇔ − cos xe− sin x = 0 ⇔ cos x = 0 ∨ e− sin x = 0 ⇔

Professor Francisco Cabral 12ºAno - https://omegamat.pt/ - 2024/2025 • Página 4 de 8


π
⇔x= + kπ, k ∈ Z∨ Equaçõa impossı́vel ⇔
2
Atribuindo valores a k, vem,
π
k=0→x=
2
π
k =1→x= +π
2
π 2π
∴x= +
2 2

∴x=
2
π
k = 2 → x = + 2π
2
π 4π
∴x= +
2 2

∴x=
2
π 3π
Portanto, os zeros da derivada no intervalo ]0; 2π[ são e
2 2
Quadro de sinal da função derivada de f

π 3π
x 0 2π
2 2
− cos x n.d. − 0 + 0 − n.d.
e− sin x n.d. + + + + + n.d.
f ′ (x) n.d. − 0 + 0 − n.d.
1
f (x) n.d. ↘ ↗ e ↘ n.d.
e

π 1
= e− sin( 2 ) = e−1 =
π
f
2 e
 

= e− sin( )=e

f 2
2
   
π 3π i πi 3π
A função f é crescente em ; , é decrescente em 0; e em ; 2π , atinge o valor mı́nimo
2 2 2 2
1 π 3π
absoluto , para x = , e atinge o valor máximo absoluto e, para x =
e 2 2
′′ − sin x ′ ′ − sin x − sin x ′
 
8.3. f (x) = − cos xe = (− cos x) × e − cos x × e =

= sin x × e− sin x − cos x × (− cos x) × e− sin x = sin x × e− sin x + cos2 x × e− sin x = e− sin x sin x + cos2 x =


= e− sin x sin x + 1 − sin2 x = e− sin x − sin2 x + sin x + 1


 

8.4. Seja t : y = mx + b, m, b ∈ R, a equação reduzida da reta tangente


π  π π  1
= e− sin( 2 ) − sin2
π
Assim, mr = f ′′ + sin + 1 = e−1 (−1 + 1 + 1) = e−1 =
2 2 2 e
1
Logo, t : y = x + b, b ∈ R
e
π  π 
Por outro lado, o ponto de tangência é T ; f′
2 2
Assim,
π π
e− sin( 2 ) = 0 × e−1 = 0
π
f′ = − cos
2 2
π 
Logo, T ;0
2

Professor Francisco Cabral 12ºAno - https://omegamat.pt/ - 2024/2025 • Página 5 de 8


Como T é ponto da reta t, vem,

1 π π π
0= × +b⇔0= +b⇔b=−
e 2 2e 2e
π 1 π
Portanto, a equação reduzida da reta tangente ao gráfico de f ′ no ponto de abcissa , é y = x −
2 e 2e

9. 0 é ponto aderente de Dg e pertence a Dg

A função g é contı́nua em x = 0 se existir lim g(x)


x7→0

Ou seja, se lim g(x) = lim g(x) = g(0)


x7→0− x7→0+

1 − ex ( 00 ) − (ex − 1) 1 ex − 1 1 1
lim− g(x) = lim− = lim− = − × lim− =− ×1=−
x7→0 x7→0 3x x7→0 3x 3 x7→0 x 3 3
ex − 1
Nota: Utilizou-se o limite notável lim =1
x→0 x
   
sin x + sin x cos x sin x (1 + cos x) 1 sin x
=( 0 ) lim+ −
0
lim+ g(x) = lim+ − = − lim+ × lim+ (1 + cos x) =
x7→0 x7→0 6x x7→0 6x 6 x7→0 x x7→0

1 1
=− ×1×2=−
6 3
sin x
Nota: Utilizou-se o limite notável lim =1
x→0 x

g(0) = 3k − 4

Assim, de lim− g(x) = lim+ g(x) = g(0), vem


x7→0 x7→0

1 11
3k − 4 = − ⇔ 9k − 12 = −1 ⇔ 9k = −1 + 12 ⇔ 9k = 11 ⇔ k =
3 9
11
Portanto, a função g é contı́nua em x = 0, se k =
9

5
10. Sabe-se que cos(α) =
13

Assim,

5  α 5 α α 5
cos(α) = ⇔ cos 2 × = ⇔ cos2 − sin2 = ⇔
13 2 13 2 2 13
α α 5 α 5
⇔ 1 − sin2 − sin2 = ⇔ 1 − 2 sin2 = ⇔
2 2 13 2 13
5
α 5 α 1 −
⇔ 2 sin2 =1− ⇔ sin2 = 13 ⇔
2 13 2 2
r
2 α 4
  α 4
⇔ sin = ⇔ sin =± ⇔
2 13 2 13
α √
2 13
sin =±
2 13
α
Mas, sin >0
2

Então,
 α  2√13
sin =
2 13
 α  2√13
Resposta: sin =
2 13

Professor Francisco Cabral 12ºAno - https://omegamat.pt/ - 2024/2025 • Página 6 de 8


11. .
 √  √
1+ 3 1+ 3
cos x + sin x = cos x + sin x =

 

2 2

 

√ ⇔ √ √ ⇔
1 − 3 1 + 3 1 − 3

 

 cos x − sin x =
 
 2 cos x = +
2 2 2
√  √
1 + 3

1+ 3
 cos x + sin x =
 

 cos x + sin x =
 
2
⇔ 2 ⇔ ⇔
 cos(x) = 1

 

 2 cos x = 1 
2
 √  √  √
1 1 + 3 1 + 3 1 3
 2 + sin x = sin x = − sin x =

 
 

  
2  2 2  2
⇔ ⇔ ⇔
 cos(x) = 1  cos(x) = 1  cos(x) = 1

 
 

  
2 2 2
Então,
√ √
3 1 3
sin(2x) = 2 sin x cos x = 2 × × =
2 2 2


3
Resposta:
2

12. .

2 2 sin2 x cos2 x
81sin x
+ 81cos x
= 30 ⇔ 34 + 34 = 30 ⇔

2 2 2 2
⇔ 34 sin x
+ 34 cos x
= 30 ⇔ 34 sin x
+ 34−4 sin x
= 30 ⇔

2 34 2 34 2 81
⇔ 34 sin x
x
+ 4 sin2
= 30 ⇔ 34 sin x
+ 2 = 30 ⇔ 34 sin x
+ 2 = 30
3 34 sin x 34 sin x
4 sin2 x
Fazendo, y = 3 , vem,

81 y 2 − 30y + 81
y+ = 30 ⇔ = 0 ⇔ y 2 − 30y + 81 = 0 ∧ y ̸= 0 ⇔
y y
p
30 ± (−30)2 − 4 × 1 × 81
⇔y= ∧ y ̸= 0 ⇔ (y = 3 ∨ y = 27) ∧ y ̸= 0 ⇔ y = 3 ∨ y = 27
2×1

ˆ Se y = 3

2 1 1
3 = 34 sin x
⇔ 4 sin2 x = 1 ⇔ sin2 x = ⇔ sin x = ± ⇔
4 2
1 1
⇔ sin x = ∨ sin x = − ⇔
2 2
π 5π π 7π
⇔x= + k2π ∨ x = + k2π ∨ x = − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, k ∈ Z ⇔
6 6 6 6
π π
⇔x= + kπ ∨ x = − + kπ, k ∈ Z
6 6

ˆ Se y = 27

4 sin2 x 3 2 3 2
27 = 3 ⇔ 4 sin x = 3 ⇔ sin x = ⇔ sin x = ± ⇔
4 2
√ √
3 3
⇔ sin x = ∨ sin x = − ⇔
2 2

Professor Francisco Cabral 12ºAno - https://omegamat.pt/ - 2024/2025 • Página 7 de 8


π 2π π 4π
⇔x= + k2π ∨ x = + k2π ∨ x = − + k2π ∨ x = + k2π, k ∈ Z ⇔
3 3 3 3
π π
⇔ x = + kπ ∨ x = − + kπ, k ∈ Z
3 3

π π π π
Resposta: x = + kπ ∨ x = − + kπ ∨ x = + kπ ∨ x = − + kπ, k ∈ Z
6 6 3 3
nπ π π π o
C.S. = + kπ; − + kπ; + kπ; − + kπ, k ∈ Z
6 6 3 3

Professor Francisco Cabral 12ºAno - https://omegamat.pt/ - 2024/2025 • Página 8 de 8

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