HOW TO USE THIS MODULE?

In this module, the learners will compose a research report on a relevant social issue.
Each part is organized as follows:
Cover Provides a title of the module, the topic, and corresponding learning
Page competency.
Pre-Test Assesses the degree of learners if they meet expectations using prior
knowledge.
Writing a The center of a module is where the learning takes place. This is the
Research heart of the lesson. It may be presented as a brief introduction of the
Paper following steps on how to write a research paper.
Activities Summarizes everything you need to do during the week, including
Page readings, discussion, assignments, and supplemental activities. It
serves as a checklist of all learning activities you need to complete.
Post-Test Determines where knowledge and skills may be deficient and
& RLS establishes a sense of progress made as often as the result of an
intervention.

EXPECTATIONS
The students are expected to learn the different steps on how to write a research
report. Students will have a writing activity whereas they can apply what they have
learned. At the last part, students will answer the reflective learning sheet that shows
their experience, insight and complex learning.

PRE- TEST
Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A with the corresponding words in
Column B.
A B
1. A piece of academic writing based on the author’s A. Sources
original research of a particular topic.
2. A summary of a written work. B. Plagiarism
3. A list of works written by an author or printed by a C. Main Idea
publishing house.
4. A note of reference, explanation, or comment usually D. Introduction
placed below the text on a printed page.
5. The main purpose is to restate the main argument. E. Body
6. The main part of the research paper. F. Conclusion
7. It is the opening paragraph of an academic essay. G. Footnotes
8. It is the author’s message about the topic. H. Bibliography
9. The representation of another author’s language or I. Outline
ideas as one’s own original work.
10. These are the primary sources of information including J. Research
historical and legal documents. Paper
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON
A research paper is an essay in which you explain what you have learned after
exploring your topic in depth. Writing a research paper is part of learning and is
very interesting. In writing a research paper, you include information from
sources such as books, articles, interviews, and Internet sites. You also use your
own ideas, knowledge, and opinions.

HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH PAPER?

The research paper is also known as a term paper or a research report, a piece of
academic writing that asks students to locate information about a topic, take a stand
on that topic, and provide support for that stand. Significantly more formal than a
personal essay, writing a research paper has the following steps:

1. Establish your topic.

a. List at least five topics that you would consider for a report.
b. Where would you find information about each topic?
c. Which one would be the most convenient for you to write about?
d. Could you find sufficient information about it for a three-page report?
2. Look for sources of information.
a. Go to the library and use the electronic catalog to find a book that is useful.
b. Use as many different types of sources as you can, including magazines,
newspaper and internet articles.
c. Include the title of the source, the author, publisher, and place and date of
publication.
3. Read your sources and take notes.
a. Use index cards to write down the important information from different
sources.
b. Be sure to note the source, including the volume number and page number.
c. If you copy something directly from a book without putting it in your own
words, put quotation marks around it that will help you to avoid plagiarism.
4. Organize your ideas.
a. Develop an outline to organize your ideas.
b. Write down all the main ideas and the subordinate ideas.
c. Avoid any repetition of ideas.
5. Write a first draft.
5.1. The introduction is the first paragraph of the paper. It often begins with a
general statement about the topic and ends with a more specific statement
of the main idea of your paper. The purpose of the introduction is to:
a. let the reader know what the topic is
b. inform the reader about your point of view
c. arouse the reader’s curiosity to read about your topic

2
 5.2 The body of the paper follows the introduction. It consists of a number of
paragraphs in which you develop your ideas in detail.
a. Limit each paragraph to one main idea.
b. Prove your points continually by using specific examples and
quotations from your note cards.
c. Use transition words to ensure a smooth flow of ideas from paragraph
to paragraph.
5.3 The conclusion is the last paragraph of the paper. Its purpose is to:
a. summarize your points, leaving out specific examples
b. restate the main idea of the paper
6. Use footnotes or endnotes to document sources.
a. As you write your first draft, including the introduction, body, and conclusion,
add the information or quotations on your note cards to support your ideas.
b. Use footnotes or endnotes to identify the sources of this information. If you
are using footnotes, the note will appear on the same page as the information
you are documenting, at the bottom (or "foot") of the page. If you are using
endnotes, the note will appear together with all other notes on a separate page
at the end of your report, just before the bibliography.
7. Write a bibliography.
A bibliography is a list of the sources you used to get information for your report.
It is included at the end of your report, on the last page.
When assembling a final bibliography, list your sources (texts, articles,
interviews, and so on) in alphabetical order by authors' last names. Sources
that don't have authors (encyclopedias, movies) should be alphabetized by title.
8. Revise the first draft.
a. Set aside your draft for a day or two before revising. This makes it easier to
view your work objectively and see any gaps or problems.
b. Revising involves rethinking your ideas, refining your arguments,
reorganizing paragraphs, and rewording sentences. You may need to develop
your ideas in more detail, give more evidence to support your claims, or delete
material that is unnecessary.
c. Read your paper out loud. This sometimes makes it easier to identify writing
that is awkward or unclear.
d. Have somebody else read the paper and tell you if there's anything that's
unclear or confusing.
9. Proofread the final draft.
a. Look for careless errors such as misspelled words and incorrect
punctuation and capitalization.
b. Errors are harder to spot on a computer screen than on paper. If you type
your paper on a computer, print out a copy to proofread. Remember, spell
checkers and grammar checkers don’t always catch errors, so it is best not to
rely on them too much.
Source:https://www.infoplease.com/homework-help/how-write-research-paper-0

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Directions: Using what you have learned about writing a research report and the
notes that you have gathered, you can now write the draft of your research on a
relevant social issue. Remember that writing is a recursive process. Do not be
discouraged if you have to gather more information to support the claims you have
stated in your thesis statement. Also, you may be encountering writer’s block; do not
feel frustrated if words evade you. Refer to the notes and outline you made earlier.
These tools will help you to organize your thoughts. Use the template below in writing
the draft of your research report.

Research Paper Scaffold

TITLE
Research Question

Hook
What is interesting about this question? Hook your readers with an interesting fact that
might make them curious about this topic.

Literature Review
Find five articles about your topic and list the relevant facts from each one.
1. According to (author/source) (date) the main idea about this subject is

List facts from the source that support this idea

1. fact
2. fact
3. fact
4. fact
5. fact
(You can add more facts)
In conclusion
says
about the topic.

2. Another idea, by (author/source) (date)

is

4
Research Paper Scaffold (continued)
1. fact
2.fact
3.fact
4.fact
5.fact
(You can add more facts)
In conclusion
says

.
3. A third writer, (date) states that

.
1.fact
2.fact
3.fact
4.fact
5.fact
(You can add more facts)

Literature Review
The third author concludes
that
.
4. A fourth source, (date) states that

1.fact
2.fact
3.fact
4.fact
5.fact
. (You can add more facts)

This author concludes

that

.
5. Yet another idea, from (date) is that

5
Research Paper Scaffold (continued)
1.fact
2.fact
3.fact
4.fact
5.fact
(You can add more facts.)
This author concludes
that
. (continued)

Analysis
I found (how many) main idea/s about (name your topic)
.List main
idea/s
.

Explain how the ideas are different or the same.

Original Research
How would you test the idea you think makes the most sense?
In order to test the ideas about (your topic) this
researcher will
(describe a suitable way to test your ideas: survey, experiment, model, interview, etc.

.
Results: (What happened?)
List your results. You can attach a table, chart, or list of findings.

Conclusion
What is your answer to the question? (Give the facts that support your point.)
The most likely explanation seems to be that

References

Author last name, first initial. (date). title of article. date retrieved (if online
publication), pages (if print publication) of the references cited.

Source: http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/lesson_images/lesson1155/scaffold.pdf

6
 REMEMBER
WRITING THE INTRODUCTION
 Brief background
 Objective of the study
 Significance of the study
 Related literature
WRITING THE BODY
 Present and analyze your data or information. Incorporate the notes,
summary, paraphrase, and direct quotations that you wrote during the pre-
writing phase. Cite your sources in order to avoid plagiarism.
WRITING THE CONCLUSION
 Summarize your findings. Include a set of recommendations to address the
issue or concern that you have tackled in your research paper.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Through the research scaffold template that you have investigated on a
social issue. Present your findings, and proposed solutions to address the issue.
Consider the points below as you prepare for this activity.

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 Meet the Standards
Directions: Read closely the scoring guide or rubric below. Take note of what you
need to accomplish in order to achieve your target score.

RESEARCH REPORT
Adapted from Rubistar.com

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Excellent Proficient Developing Beginning
Catchy Exceptional Proficient Basic Weak or no
Introduction introduction that introduction that is introduction that introduction
grabs interesting and states states topic but
interest of topic. lacks interest
reader and
states topic.
Credible Exceptionally Information Information Information has
Researched relates relates to the little or nothing to
to the main main topic, few do with the thesis
Detailed and topic/thesis/ details and/or
accurate objective examples are Information has
information given weak or no
Well-researched in detail connection to the
Information and from a variety Uses limited thesis
clearly relates of sources sources
to the thesis
or the
research
question/s
objectives
Well-explained Exceptionally critical, Consistent connections Some Limited or no
relevant, and made between evidence connection connections
consistent connectors and thesis made between made between
made between evidence and evidence and
evidence and thesis Good analysis thesis thesis

Excellent analysis Some analysis Lacks analysis

Well- Exceptionally clear, Clear and logical order that Somewhat clear Lacks
Organized logical, mature, supports the topic with and logical development of
thorough good transitions between development ideas with weak
development of the and within paragraphs with basic or no transitions
topic with excellent transitions and between and
transitions between within within
and within paragraphs paragraphs
paragraphs
Compelling Excellent summary of Good summary of topic Basic summary Lacks summary
Conclusion topic with concluding with clear concluding ideas of topic with of topic
ideas that impact some final
reader Introduce no new concluding ideas
information
Introduces no new Introduces no
information new information
Well- written Control grammar Contains few spelling, Contains several So many
usage, and punctuation, and grammar spelling, spelling,
mechanics errors punctuation, and punctuations,
grammar errors and grammar
Almost entirely free of which detract errors that the
spelling, punctuation, from the paper’s paper cannot be
and grammatical readability understood
errors

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 POST-TEST
Directions: Match the descriptions in Column A with the corresponding sections
names in Column B. Write the letter of your answer.
A B
1. Presents background information, scope, and focus of K. Methodology
the research paper.
2. Provides a review of what others have written or L. Literature
researched concerning the topic. Review
3. Explains how the research was conducted. M. Introduction
4. Presents the information gathered through the research. N. Reference
5. Evaluates the results of the study or research. O. Discussion
6. Provides the summary of the research P. Conclusion
7. Lists all the sources used in the research Q. Results
8. Contains other related information such as graphs, R. Research
charts, tables, lists.
9. Summarizes all sections and helps readers decide S. Abstract
whether or not to read the entire report.
10. A systematic investigation to contribute to an existing T. Appendix
body of knowledge.
Source: 2015. Celebrating Diversity through World Literature-Grade 10 English Learner's Material . Pasig City,
Metro Manila: REX Book Store. Inc.

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