Mathematics in the Modern World

LESSON 1.2

Prepared by: Mariel G. Inocencio

Instructor
Properties of Real Numbers
1 COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY – changing the order in
which you add or multiply numbers does not change
the sum or product.
For any numbers a and b , a + b = b + a For any numbers a and b , a × b = b × a

2 ASSOCIATIVE PROPERTY - changing the

grouping of numbers when adding or multiplying
does not change their sum or product.
For any numbers a, b, and c, For any numbers a, b, and c,
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) (ab)c = a (bc)
Example: Identifying Properties
Name the property that is illustrated in each equation.

A. 7(mn) = (7m)n The grouping is different.

Associative Property of Multiplication

B. (a + 3) + b = a + (3 + b) The grouping is different.

Associative Property of Addition

C. x + (y + z) = x + (z + y) The order is different.

Commutative Property of Addition
Your Turn!
Name the property that is illustrated in each equation.

A. n + (–7) = –7 + n The order is different.

Commutative Property of Addition
B. 1.5 + (g + 2.3) = (1.5 + g) + 2.3 The grouping is different.
Associative Property of Addition
C. (xy)z = (yx)z The order is different.
Commutative Property of Multiplication
D. 24(xy) = (24x)y The grouping is different.
Associative Property of Multiplication
F. 10 + (2 + 7) = (2 + 7) + 10 The order is different.
Commutative Property of Addition
3 ADDITIVE IDENTITY PROPERTY
• For any number a, a + 0 = a.

4 ADDITIVE INVERSE PROPERTY

• For any number a, a + -a= 0
5 MULTIPLICATIVE IDENTITY PROPERTY
• For any number a, a • 1 = a.
6 MULTIPLICATIVE PROPERTY of ZERO
• For any number a, a • 0 = 0.
7 MULTIPLICATIVE INVERSE PROPERTY
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏
• For every nonzero number , × =1
𝑏 𝑏 𝑎
Identity and Inverse Properties
Property Words Algebra Numbers
Additive Identity The sum of a number and
Property 0, the additive identity, is n+0=n 3+0=3
the original number.
Multiplicative The product of a number
Identity Property and 1, the multiplicative
identity, is the original
n ∙1 = n -35 ∙1 = -35
number.
Additive Inverse The sum of a number and
Property its opposite, or additive n + (–n) = 0 5 + (–5) = 0
inverse, is 0.
Multiplicative The product of a nonzero
Inverse Property number and its reciprocal, 1 1 5
or multiplicative inverse, n ∙ = 1 ; n≠ 0
𝑛
∙
5 1
=1
is 1.
Fibonacci
Sequence
Intended Learning Outcomes:
• Identify patterns in nature and
regularities in the world.
• Articulate the importance of Mathematics
in one’s life.
• Argue about the nature of Mathematics,
what it is, how it is expresses, represented
and used.
• Express appreciation for Mathematics as a
human endeavor.
 The Fibonacci Sequence
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo of Pisa, Italy
also known as Fibonacci
• One of the best-known mathematicians of medieval
Europe. In 1202, he wrote the book Liber Abaci. In this
book Fibonacci explained why the Hindu-Arabic
numeration system that he had learned about during his
travels was more sophisticated and efficient system than
the Roman numeration system.
This book contains a
problem created by
Fibonacci that concerns
the birth rate of rabbits.
Here is the statement of Fibonacci’s rabbit problem:

At the beginning of a month, you are given a pair

of newborn rabbits. After a month the rabbits
have produced no offspring; however, every month
thereafter, the pair of rabbits produces another
pair of rabbits. The offspring reproduce in exactly
the same manner. If none of the rabbits dies, how
many pairs of rabbits will there be at the start of
each succeeding month?
 The Fibonacci Sequence
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …
The next number is found by adding the two numbers before it.
⊸ The 2 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+1),
⊸ The 3 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+2),
⊸ And the 5 is (2+3),
⊸ and so on!
Example: the next number in the sequence above is
21 + 34 = 55
 3

1 2

13
5 8
 The Rule
𝐧 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟕 𝟖 𝟗 𝟏𝟎 …

𝐱𝐧 = 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟖 𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟏 𝟑𝟒 𝟓𝟓 …

Example: the 7th term is the 6th term plus the 5th term:
𝑥7 = 𝑥6 + 𝑥5
So, we can writhe the rule:
𝑥𝑛 = 𝑥𝑛−1 + 𝑥𝑛−2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
• 𝑥𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 n
• 𝑥𝑛−1 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑢𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 (𝑛 − 1)
• 𝑥𝑛−2 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (𝑛 − 2)
Example:
1. Solve for the 9th term
𝑥9 = 𝑥9−1 + 𝑥9−2
= 𝑥8 + 𝑥7
= 21 + 13
= 𝟑𝟒
2. Solve for 12th term
𝑥12 = 𝑥12−1 + 𝑥12−2
= 𝑥11 + 𝑥10
= 89 + 55
= 144
Formula for easier way in solving the
nth term of the Fibonacci Sequence
BHNEG’s FORMULA
Who is Binet?
• He is Jacques Philipe Marie Binet.
• He is a French mathematician who made
significant contributions to Number Theory, and the
mathematical foundation of matrix algebra.
• He is the first to describe the rule for multiplying
matrices in 1812.

• Bineu’s Formula expressing Fibonacci Numbers in

closed formed is named in his honor.
 𝑛 𝑛
(1 + 5) −(1 − 5)
𝐹𝑛 =
2𝑛 5
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛:
𝑛 = 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
Example:
1. Solve for 𝐹15
(1 + 5)15 −(1 − 5)15
𝐹15 =
215 5
44695600.05
= 73271.47549
= 𝟔𝟏𝟎
 𝑛 𝑛
(1 + 5) −(1 − 5)
𝐹𝑛 =
2𝑛 5
Example:
2. Solve for 𝐹35
(1 + 5)35 −(1 − 5)35
𝐹35 =
235 5

7.089526937×1017
= 7.683071068×1010

= 𝟗𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟔𝟓
 (1 + 5)35 −(1 − 5)35
𝐹35 =
235 5

7.089526937×1017
= 7.683071068×1010 7.089526937 × 1017

= 𝟗𝟐𝟐𝟕𝟒𝟔𝟓 1.565 × 103

= 1565

1.565 × 104
= 15650
• There will be a task for each group.
• The task is solving for the nth term of the
Fibonacci Sequence.
• In presenting, there is a rule: Fall in line.
Start at the first nth term given to your
group, the first person will say the
previous term and the term assigned to
him/her. The person behind says the sum
of the terms mentioned in front.
• Write your grotp’s solution on a piece of
paper.
Fibonacci Pattern
in Nature
The Golden Ratio
 The Golden Ratio
• Also known as the Golden number, golden
proportion, or the divine proportion.
• It is a ratio between two numbers that
equals approximately 1.618.
• Usually written as Greek letter phi (𝜑),
and it is strongly associated with the
Fibonacci sequence.
 As the
sequence
gets
closer to
infinity, it
is getting
closer to
the Golden
Ratio.
1.Solve for 𝐹25

2.Solve for 𝐹35

3.Solve for 𝐹50