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Exp 3 Determination of Equivalent Circuit Parameters of A Transformer

This document outlines Experiment No. 03 for the Electrical Machines Lab, focusing on determining the equivalent circuit parameters of a transformer through open circuit and short circuit tests. It includes objectives, theoretical background, necessary instruments, detailed procedures, and calculations for analyzing transformer performance. Additionally, it provides a report section with questions to assess understanding of the experiment's concepts.

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30 views4 pages

Exp 3 Determination of Equivalent Circuit Parameters of A Transformer

This document outlines Experiment No. 03 for the Electrical Machines Lab, focusing on determining the equivalent circuit parameters of a transformer through open circuit and short circuit tests. It includes objectives, theoretical background, necessary instruments, detailed procedures, and calculations for analyzing transformer performance. Additionally, it provides a report section with questions to assess understanding of the experiment's concepts.

Uploaded by

sakibahmed800029
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Version 3 EEE 010 (01)

Course Code: EEE 2310


Course Title: ELECTRICAL MACHINES LAB
Experiment No: 03
Experiment Title: Determination of the Equivalent Circuit Parameters of a
Transformer

PRECAUTION: High voltages are present in this laboratory experiment! Do not make any
connections with the power on. The power should be turned off after completing each
individual measurement.

OBJECTIVE:
 To perform open circuit test and short circuit test of a transformer
 To determine transformer equivalent circuit parameters

THEORY:
The approximate equivalent circuit of a transformer is given in the figure 3-1. The various
parameters of this circuit can be determined by open circuit and short circuit test. Various
performance characteristics (such as regulation, efficiency) can be determined with the help of this
circuit without actually loading the transformer. This experiment is designed to perform the open
circuit and short circuit test. Obtained results will be compared with those from theoretical
calculations.

Figure 3-1 Equivalent Circuit of a Transformer

EEE 010 (02) Page 1 of 4


Version 3 EEE 010 (01)

INSTRUMENTS AND COMPONENETS:


(1) AC voltmeter (0-250V)
(2) AC ammeters (0-1A)
(3) 1φ wattmeter
(4) 1φ variac

PROCEDURE:
1) Open Circuit Test: Complete connections as shown in the experimental setup (figure 3-2).
Apply rated voltage across the terminal 1 and terminal 2 of the transformer. Note the
readings of the ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter.

Figure 3-2: Transformer connection for open circuit test

2) Short Circuit Test: Complete connections as shown in the experimental setup (figure 3-3).
Gradually apply voltage across the terminal 1 and terminal 2 of the transformer until rated
current flows through the ammeter. Quickly take the readings of the ammeter, voltmeter and
wattmeter.

Figure 3-3: Transformer connection for short circuit test

EEE 010 (02) Page 2 of 4


Version 3 EEE 010 (01)

DATA TABLE:

Nameplate data of the transformer:


KVA Rating Voltage Rating

Data for open circuit test (referred to LT side):

Power, WOC = W

Current, IOC = A

Voltage, VOC = V

Data for short circuit test (referred to HT side):

Power, WSC = W

Current, ISC = A

Voltage, VSC = V

CALCULATIONS:
1) Core loss, W = 𝑊𝑂𝐶 𝑊

2) Core loss resistance (referred to the HT side):


(𝑉𝑂𝐶 )2 × 𝑎2
𝑅𝑂 = Ω
𝑊𝑂𝐶

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Version 3 EEE 010 (01)

3) Magnetizing reactance (referred to HT side):


(𝑉𝑂𝐶 × 𝑎2 ) 𝑊𝑂𝐶
𝑋𝑀 = Ω 𝜑 = cos −1 ( )
𝐼𝑂𝐶 sin 𝜑 𝑉𝑂𝐶 𝐼𝑂𝐶

4) Copper loss, W= 𝑊𝑆𝐶 𝑊

𝑊𝑆𝐶
5) Equivalent resistance, 𝑅1 = 2 Ω
𝐼𝑆𝐶

𝑉2 2
6) Equivalent reactance, 𝑋1 = √ 𝐼𝑆𝐶
2 − 𝑅1
𝑆𝐶

REPORT:
1) Determine the equivalent circuit parameters of the transformer from the test data.
2) What are the approximations of the short and the open circuit tests?
3) Why open circuit test is performed in the low-tension side whereas short circuit test is
performed in the high-tension side?
4) Draw the exact and approximate equivalent circuit of a transformer. Define all the parameters.
5) Draw the vector diagram of a real transformer for resistive, inductive and capacitive load.

Prepared By,
Shameem Hasan
Lecturer, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh

EEE 010 (02) Page 4 of 4

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