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Sensors Lab Reviewer

The document provides an overview of various experiments related to Arduino sensors, including serial monitoring, ultrasonic sensors, temperature sensors, and the components of an Arduino kit. It details the functions of different sensors and transducers, their operational principles, and the necessary coding commands for interfacing with the Arduino. Additionally, it outlines the connections and formulas used in experiments, emphasizing the importance of understanding both digital and analog signals.

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earlyjoycortez20
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5 views

Sensors Lab Reviewer

The document provides an overview of various experiments related to Arduino sensors, including serial monitoring, ultrasonic sensors, temperature sensors, and the components of an Arduino kit. It details the functions of different sensors and transducers, their operational principles, and the necessary coding commands for interfacing with the Arduino. Additionally, it outlines the connections and formulas used in experiments, emphasizing the importance of understanding both digital and analog signals.

Uploaded by

earlyjoycortez20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SENSORS LAB REVIEWER EXPERIMENT 3: SERIAL MONITORING

EXPERIMENT 2: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNALS • Serial Monitor – a separate pop-up window that
Parts of an Arduino UNO board acts as a separate terminal that communicates
by receiving and sending Serial Data.
• Displays values read by the pins
• A debugging tool
• Serial.begin(9600) –Tells the Arduino to get
ready to exchange messages with the Serial
Monitor at a data rate of 9600 bits(0s and 1s)
per second. Bps- bits per sec.
• baud rate - speed of data transfer; ex. 9600
• digitalReadSerial()- sends digital reading to
serial monitor
• analogOutSerial()- send analog reading to serial
monitor
• Range for sensor: 0-1023
• Digital signal vs. analog signal
• Range for output: 0-255
• A normal Arduino Uno board has 14 digital pins
• Command codes/ syntax for writing in the serial
and 6 analog pins
monitor:
• void setup() – codes under this block are
• Serial.print()
executed once
• Serial.println()
• void loop() – codes under this block are
• Serial.write()
executed more than once
• Serial monitoring can be done both on analog
• const int – holder of constant variables/
and digital signals
variables that won’t change their pin numbers
EXPERIMENT 4: ULTRASONIC SENSORS
all throughout the code
Operation formula:
• int – holder of integer variables (whole nos.)
distance = (velocity of sound ∗time)/2
• AnalogRead()- reads the input (HIGH or LOW) in
Minimum Range: The HC-SR04 can detect distances as
an analog pin
close as 2 cm (approximately 0.8 inches) from the
• the voltage reading of the pin is read from
sensor
0-1023
Maximum Range: The maximum effective range is 400
• 0 volts = 0; 5 volts = 1023
cm (approximately 13 feet) under optimal conditions
• values in between 0-1023 are determined
by ratio and proportion
Limitations:
• ex. a reading of 56 is equal to 0.26 volts -vaccum environments
• cw movement of potentiometer decreases -underwater applications
voltage -soft or absorbent materials
• ccw mvmt of potentiometer increases -small objects
voltage -angled surfaces
• DigitalRead()- reads the input(HIGH or LOW) in -unstable temperature environments
a digital pin -high humidity or fog
• PinMode()- sets a pin as an output (send
data)/input (receive data)
• e.g. pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT)
• DigitalWrite()- writes a high or low value to a
digital pin
• delay (1000) – one second delay; 1 sec =
1000ms
EXPERIMENT 1: ARDUINO SENSOR COMPONENTS
EXPERIMENT 5: TEMPERATURE SENSORS Sensors vs. Transducers in an Arduino kit

Temperature sensor used:l TMP36 or DHT11/DHT22 Transducers


• Active Buzzer: Generates sound when an electrical signal
is applied.
At what temperature are Celcius and Fahrenheit
equal in the serial monitor?
-40 C and -40 F
• Passive Buzzer: Produces sound when an external AC
What are the terminal pins of a 3-pin Temperature signal is applied.
Sensor (TMP 36)? How will it be connected to a
microcontroller? The terminal pins of the TMP 36
power, Vout, and GND. Power terminal pin must be
connected to the input voltage, Vout to one of the • SG90 Servo: Rotates to a specific angle based on PWM
analog pins, and GND to GND of the signal input.

microcontroller.
The formula used in the experiment is fahrenheit
= ((celsius * 9) / 5 + 32).
• 5V Stepper Motor: Rotates in precise steps, used for
precise positioning.

• 5V Relay: Acts as an electrically controlled switch, used to


control high-power devices.

• 1602 Display: Displays alphanumeric characters and


symbols.

OPERATION OF INFRARED THERMOMETERS

• 7-Segment Display: Displays single-digit numbers and


some letters.
• 4-Digit 7-Segment Display: Displays four-digit numerical • Joystick: Detects movement along X and Y axes, used for
values. directional input.

• Water Sensor: Detects the presence of water or moisture.


• 8x8 LED Matrix: Displays characters, symbols, or
animations using a grid of LEDs.

• RGB LED: Emits different colors of light based on the • Big Sound Sensor: Detects sound levels, usually used for
combination of red, green, and blue signals. noise detection.

Sensors
• DHT11: Measures temperature and humidity. • RFID Module: Reads data from RFID tags for identification
and access control.

• LM35: Measures temperature in degrees Celsius.


Components (Not Transducers or Sensors)
• UNO R3: Microcontroller board used to control and
interface with other components.
• 4x4 Keypad: Provides a matrix of buttons for user input.
• Motor Drivers: Controls the speed and direction of DC
• CDS (Photoresistor): Detects ambient light levels. motors.
• Clock Module: Keeps track of the current time, even
when the microcontroller is powered off.
• Remote Control: Sends IR signals to control other devices
wirelessly.
• 74HC595: Expands GPIO pins by using a shift register,
• Flame Sensor: Detects the presence of a flame or fire. useful for controlling multiple LEDs or displays.
• B10K Variable Resistor (Potentiometer): Adjusts
resistance in a circuit, often used for controlling
brightness or volume.
• Jumper Cap: Shorts two pins together, often used for
configuration settings.
• SW-520D: Detects tilt or vibration. • Key Switch: Acts as an on/off switch when pressed.
• F-M Dupont Wire: Used for connecting components to
each other or to a breadboard.
• 2.54mm Pin Header: Used as connectors for jumper wires
on a breadboard or PCB.
• IR Receiver: Receives infrared signals, often from a • 830 Breadboard: Used for prototyping circuits without
remote control. soldering.
• USB Cable: Provides power and data communication to
the microcontroller.
• 9V Battery Holder: Holds a 9V battery to power your
circuit.
• Jumper Wires: Used to make connections between
components.
• LED Red, Green, Blue: Emits light when current passes
through.
• Resistors and Resistance Card: Limits current flow and
divides voltage in circuits.

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