8/18/24, 9:09 PM 211FA07009_exp_4_ml.

- Colab

keyboard_arrow_down PRACTICE-4:
Design a model to predict the housing price from Boston Dataset using Linear
Regression

1 import numpy as np
2 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
3 import pandas as pd
4 import seaborn as sns
5 %matplotlib inline

1 from google.colab import drive

2 drive.mount('/content/drive')

Mounted at /content/drive

1 import io
2 import pandas as pd
3 df=pd.read_csv('/content/drive/MyDrive/Data Sets/BostonHousing.csv')
4 df.head()

crim zn indus chas nox rm age dis rad tax ptratio b lstat medv

0 0.00632 18.0 2.31 0 0.538 6.575 65.2 4.0900 1 296 15.3 396.90 4.98 24.0

1 0.02731 0.0 7.07 0 0.469 6.421 78.9 4.9671 2 242 17.8 396.90 9.14 21.6

2 0.02729 0.0 7.07 0 0.469 7.185 61.1 4.9671 2 242 17.8 392.83 4.03 34.7

3 0.03237 0.0 2.18 0 0.458 6.998 45.8 6.0622 3 222 18.7 394.63 2.94 33.4

4 0.06905 0.0 2.18 0 0.458 7.147 54.2 6.0622 3 222 18.7 396.90 5.33 36.2

1 df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 506 entries, 0 to 505
Data columns (total 14 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 crim 506 non-null float64
1 zn 506 non-null float64
2 indus 506 non-null float64
3 chas 506 non-null int64
4 nox 506 non-null float64
5 rm 506 non-null float64
6 age 506 non-null float64
7 dis 506 non-null float64
8 rad 506 non-null int64
9 tax 506 non-null int64
10 ptratio 506 non-null float64
11 b 506 non-null float64
12 lstat 506 non-null float64
13 medv 506 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(11), int64(3)
memory usage: 55.5 KB

1 df.describe()

crim zn indus chas nox rm age dis rad tax ptratio b lstat medv

count 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000 506.000000

mean 3.613524 11.363636 11.136779 0.069170 0.554695 6.284634 68.574901 3.795043 9.549407 408.237154 18.455534 356.674032 12.653063 22.532806

std 8.601545 23.322453 6.860353 0.253994 0.115878 0.702617 28.148861 2.105710 8.707259 168.537116 2.164946 91.294864 7.141062 9.197104

min 0.006320 0.000000 0.460000 0.000000 0.385000 3.561000 2.900000 1.129600 1.000000 187.000000 12.600000 0.320000 1.730000 5.000000

25% 0.082045 0.000000 5.190000 0.000000 0.449000 5.885500 45.025000 2.100175 4.000000 279.000000 17.400000 375.377500 6.950000 17.025000

50% 0.256510 0.000000 9.690000 0.000000 0.538000 6.208500 77.500000 3.207450 5.000000 330.000000 19.050000 391.440000 11.360000 21.200000

75% 3.677083 12.500000 18.100000 0.000000 0.624000 6.623500 94.075000 5.188425 24.000000 666.000000 20.200000 396.225000 16.955000 25.000000

1 #let's plot all the columns to look at their distributions

2 for i in df.columns:
3 plt.figure(figsize=(7,4))
4 sns.histplot(data=df,x=i,kde=True)
5 plt.show()

1 plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
2 cmap=sns.diverging_palette(230,20,as_cmap=True)
3 sns.heatmap(df.corr(),annot=True,fmt='.2f',cmap=cmap)
4 plt.show()

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11aw989GTobwoPxy43aqU7jMLIL7g5CD7#printMode=true 1/3
8/18/24, 9:09 PM 211FA07009_exp_4_ml. - Colab

1 Y=df['medv']
2 X=df.drop(columns={'medv'})

1 #splitting the data in 70:30 ratio of train to test data

2 from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
3 X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test=train_test_split(X,Y,test_size=0.30,random_state=1)

1 print(X_train.shape)
2 print(X_test.shape)
3 print(y_train.shape)
4 print(y_test.shape)

(354, 13)
(152, 13)
(354,)
(152,)

1 from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

2 from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
3 lin_model=LinearRegression()
4 lin_model.fit(X_train,y_train)

▾ LinearRegression
i i ()

1 b=lin_model.coef_
2 m=lin_model.intercept_

1 b

array([-9.85424717e-02, 6.07841138e-02, 5.91715401e-02, 2.43955988e+00,

-2.14699650e+01, 2.79581385e+00, 3.57459778e-03, -1.51627218e+00,
3.07541745e-01, -1.12800166e-02, -1.00546640e+00, 6.45018446e-03,
-5.68834539e-01])

1 m

46.396493871823864

1 from sklearn.metrics import r2_score

2 #model evaluation for training set '
3 y_train_predict=lin_model.predict(X_train)
4 rmse=(np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(y_train,y_train_predict)))
5 r2=r2_score(y_train,y_train_predict)
6
7 print("The model performance for training set")
8 print("--------------------------------------")
9 print('RMSE is {}'.format(rmse))
10 print('R2 score is {}'.format(r2))
11 print("\n")

The model performance for training set

--------------------------------------
RMSE is 4.849055005805464
R2 score is 0.7103879080674731

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11aw989GTobwoPxy43aqU7jMLIL7g5CD7#printMode=true 2/3
8/18/24, 9:09 PM 211FA07009_exp_4_ml. - Colab
1 from sklearn.metrics import r2_score
2 #model evaluation for training set '
3 y_test_predict=lin_model.predict(X_test)
4 rmse=(np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(y_test,y_test_predict)))
5 r2=r2_score(y_test,y_test_predict)
6
7 print("The model performance for training set")
8 print("--------------------------------------")
9 print('RMSE is {}'.format(rmse))
10 print('R2 score is {}'.format(r2))
11 print("\n")
12
13

The model performance for training set

--------------------------------------
RMSE is 4.453237437198149
R2 score is 0.7836295385076292

keyboard_arrow_down HW:
1.Write the regression equation ypred=m+b0x1+b1x2+-------------------b12x13

2.Select one datasample from the dataset

3.find ypred value

4.find the absolute error for ypred and yactual

1 l=[]
2 l=list(df.iloc[3])
3 b=list(b)
4 print(l)
5 print(b)
6
7

[0.03237, 0.0, 2.18, 0.0, 0.458, 6.998, 45.8, 6.0622, 3.0, 222.0, 18.7, 394.63, 2.94, 33.4]
[-0.09854247168320542, 0.060784113842432486, 0.05917154006562941, 2.4395598751549907, -21.469964963213876, 2.7958138545358477, 0.0035745977759409353, -1.516272184239845, 0.307541745464

1 ypred=m
2 for i in range(len(b)):
3 ypred=ypred+(b[i]*l[i])
4 print(ypred)
5

https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11aw989GTobwoPxy43aqU7jMLIL7g5CD7#printMode=true 3/3