FIITJEE SETS

DEFINITION.
A set is a well-defined class or collection of objects. By a well defined collection we mean that there exists a rule with
the help of which it is possible to tell whether a given object belongs or does not belong to the given collection. The
objects in sets may be anything, numbers, people, mountains, rivers etc. The objects constituting the set are called
elements or members of the set.
A set is often described in the following two ways.
1.) ROSTER METHOD OR LISTING METHOD
In this method a set is described by listing elements, separated by commas, within braces {}. The set of vowels of
English alphabet may be described as {a, e, i, o, u}.
The set of even natural numbers can be described as {2, 4, 6..........}. Here the dots stand for ‘and so on’.
2.) SET-BUILDER METHOD OR RULE METHOD
In this method, a set is described by a characterizing property P(x) of its elements x. In such a case the set is described
by {x : P(x) holds} or {x | P(x) holds}, which is read as ‘the set of all x such that P(x) holds’. The symbol ‘|’ or ‘:’ is
read as ‘such that’.
The set E of all even natural numbers can be written as
E = {x | x is natural number and x = 2n for n  N}
or E = {x | x  N, x = 2n, n  N}
or E = {x  N | x = 2n, n  N}
The set A  {0, 1, 4 , 9, 16 ,....} can be written as A  {x 2 | x  Z}

NOTE : SOME IMPORTANT SYMBOLS

S.No. Symbol Meaning

1. Belongs to
2. Does not belongs to
3. There exists
4. For all
5. Union
6. Intersection
7. Difference
8. Symmetric difference
9. Complement
10. empty set
11. Subset

EXAMPLE: The set of intelligent students in a class is

(a) A null set (b) A singleton set
(c) A finite set (d) Not a well defined collection
Solution: Since, intelligency is not defined for students in a class i.e., Not a well defined collection.

TYPES OF SETS
NULL SET OR EMPTY SET
The set which contains no element at all is called the null set. This set is sometimes also called the ‘empty set’ or the
‘void set’. It is denoted by the symbol  or {}.
A set which has at least one element is called a non-empty set.
Let A  { x : x 2  1  0 and x is real)
Since there is no real number which satisfies the equation x 2  1  0 , therefore the set A is empty set.
If A and B are any two empty sets, then x  A iff x  B is satisfied because there is no element x in either A or B
to which the condition may be applied. Thus A = B. Hence, there is only one empty set and we denote it by  .
Therefore, article 'the' is used before empty set.
SINGLETON SET
A set consisting of a single element is called a singleton set. The set {5} is a singleton set.
FINITE SET
A set is called a finite set if it is either void set or its elements can be listed (counted, labelled) by natural number 1, 2,
3, … and the process of listing terminates at a certain natural number n (say).
CARDINAL NUMBER OF A FINITE SET
The number n in the above definition is called the cardinal number or order of a finite set A and is denoted by n(A) or
O(A).
INFINITE SET
A set whose elements cannot be listed by the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, …., n, for any natural number n is called an
infinite set.
EQUIVALENT SET
Two finite sets A and B are equivalent if their cardinal numbers are same i.e. n(A) = n(B).
Example: A  {1, 3, 5, 7} ; B  {10 , 12, 14 , 16 } are equivalent sets [ O( A)  O(B)  4 ]
EQUAL SET
Two sets A and B are said to be equal iff every element of A is an element of B and also every element of B is an
element of A. We write “A = B” if the sets A and B are equal and “A  B” if the sets A and B are not equal.
Symbolically, A = B if x  A  x  B.
The statement given in the definition of the equality of two sets is also known as the axiom of extension.
Example: If A  {2, 3, 5, 6} and B  {6, 5, 3, 2} . Then A  B, because each element of A is an element of B and vice-
versa.
UNIVERSAL SET
A set containing of all possible elements which occur in the discussion is called a universal set and is denoted by U.
Thus in any particular discussion, no element can exist out of universal set. It should be noted that universal set is not
unique. It may differ in problem to problem.
POWER SET
If S is any set, then the family of all the subsets of S is called the power set of S.
The power set of S is denoted by P(S). Symbolically, P(S) = {T : T  S}. Obviously  and S are both elements of
P(S). Example : Let S = {a, b, c}, then P(S) = {  , {a}, {b}, {c}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c}, {a, b, c}}.
SUBSETS (SET INCLUSION)
Let A and B be two sets. If every element of A is an element of B, then A is called a subset of B.
If A is subset of B, we write A  B, which is read as “A is a subset of B” or “A is contained in B”.
Thus, A  B  a  A  a  B.
PROPER AND IMPROPER SUBSETS
If A is a subset of B and A  B, then A is a proper subset of B. We write this as A  B .

The null set  is subset of every set and every set is subset of itself, i.e.,   A and A A for every set A. They are
called improper subsets of A. Thus every non-empty set has two improper subsets. It should be noted that  has only
one subset  which is improper. Thus A has two improper subsets iff it is non-empty.

All other subsets of A are called its proper subsets. Thus, if A  B, A  B , A   , then A is said to be proper subset
of B.
Example: Let A  {1, 2} . Then A has  ;{1}, {2}, {1, 2} as its subsets out of which  and {1, 2} are improper and {1}
and {2} are proper subsets.

Example: Which of the following is the empty set

(a) {x : x is a real number and x 2  1  0} (b) {x : x is a real number and x 2  1  0}

(c) {x : x is a real number and x 2  9  0} (d) {x : x is a real number and x 2  x  2}

Solution: Since x 2  1  0, gives x 2  1  x  i

 x is not real but x is real (given)

 No value of x is possible.

Example: The set A  { x : x  R, x 2  16 and 2 x  6} equals

(a)  (b) [14, 3, 4] (c) [3] (d) [4]

Solution: x 2  16  x  4
2x  6  x  3
There is no value of x which satisfies both the above equations. Thus, A   .

Example: If a set A has n elements, then the total number of subsets of A is

(a) n (b) n2 (c) 2n (d) 2n

Solution: Number of subsets of A  n C 0  n C1  .........  n C n  2 n .

Example: Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total number of subsets of the first set is 56 more than the total number of
subsets of the second set. The values of m and n are
(a) 7, 6 (b) 6, 3 (c) 5, 1 (d) 8, 7

Solution: Since 2 m  2 n  56  8  7  2 3  7  2 n (2 m n  1)  2 3  7

 n  3 and 2 m n  8  2 3
 m n  3  m 3  3  m  6
 m  6, n  3 .

Example: The number of proper subsets of the set {1, 2, 3} is

(a) 8 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 5

 2 6.
3
Solution: Number of proper subsets of the set {1, 2, 3) = 2

Venn Diagrams.
The combination of rectangles and circles are called Venn-Euler diagrams or simply Venn-diagrams.
In venn-diagrams the universal set U is represented by points within a rectangle and its subsets are represented by
points in closed curves (usually circles) within the rectangle. If a set A is a subset of a set B, then the circle
representing A is drawn inside the circle representing B. If A and B are not equal but they have some common
elements, then to represent A and B we draw two intersecting circles. Two disjoints sets are represented by two non-
intersecting circles.

OPERATIONS ON SETS
UNION OF SETS
Let A and B be two sets. The union of A and B is the set of all elements which are in set A or in B. We denote the
union of A and B by A  B which is usually read as “A union B”.
symbolically, A  B  {x : x  A or x  B}.
 VENN DIAGRAM

INTERSECTION OF SETS
Let A and B be two sets. The intersection of A and B is the set of all those elements that belong to both A and B.
The intersection of A and B is denoted by A  B (read as “A intersection B”)
Thus, A  B = {x : x  A and x  B}.
Clearly, x  A  B  x  A and x  B.
VENN DIAGRAMS

DISJOINT SETS
Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint, if A  B = . If A  B  , then A and B are said to be non-intersecting or
non-overlapping sets.
In other words, if A and B have no element in common, then A and B are called disjoint sets.
Example : Sets {1, 2}; {3, 4} are disjoint sets.
VENN DIAGRAM
DIFFERENCE OF SETS
Let A and B be two sets. The difference of A and B written as A – B, is the set of all those elements of A which do not
belong to B.
Thus, A – B = {x : x  A and x  B}
or A – B = {x  A : x  B}
Clearly, x  A – B  x  A and x  B. In fig. the shaded part represents A – B.
Similarly, the difference B  A is the set of all those elements of B that do not belong to A i.e.
B  A  {x  B : x  A}
Example: Consider the sets A  {1, 2, 3} and B  {3, 4 , 5} , then A  B  {1, 2}; B  A  {4 , 5}
As another example, R  Q is the set of all irrational numbers.
SYMMETRIC DIFFERENCE OF TWO SETS
Let A and B be two sets. The symmetric difference of sets A and B is the set ( A  B)  (B  A) and is denoted
by A  B . Thus, A  B = ( A  B)  (B  A)  {x : x  A  B}
VENN DIAGRAM VENN DIAGRAM

COMPLEMENT OF A SET
Let U be the universal set and let A be a set such that A  U. Then, the complement of A with respect to U is denoted
by A or Ac or C(A) or U – A and is defined the set of all those elements of U which are not in A.
Thus, A = {x  U : x  A}.
Clearly, x  A  x  A
Example: Consider U  {1, 2,......, 10 } and A  {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} .
Then A   {2, 4 , 6, 8, 10 }

Example: Given the sets A  {1, 2, 3}, B  {3,4} , C = {4, 5, 6}, then A  (B  C) is
(a) {3} (b) {1, 2, 3, 4} (c) {1, 2, 4, 5} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Solution: B  C  {4} ,  A  (B  C) = {1, 2, 3, 4}.
Example: If A  B , then A  B is equal to
(a) A (b) BA (c) B (d) None of these
Solution: Since A  B  A  B  B .
Example: If A and B are any two sets, then A  ( A  B) is equal to

(a) A (b) B (c) Ac (d) Bc

Solution: A  B  A . Hence A  ( A  B)  A .

Example: If A and B are two given sets, then A  ( A  B)c is equal to

(a) A (b) B (c)  (d) A  Bc

Solution: A  ( A  B)c  A  ( A c  B c ) = ( A  A c )  ( A  B c ) =   ( A  B c )  A  B c .
1
Example: If the sets A and B are defined as A  {(x , y ) : y  , 0  x  R} and B  {(x , y ) : y   x , x  R} ,
x
then show that A  B  

1 1
Solution: Since y  , y   x meet when  x   x 2  1 , which does not give any real value of x
x x
 Hence A  B   .

Example: Let A  [x : x  R,| x |  1]; B  [x : x  R,| x  1 |  1] and A  B  R  D, then find the set D.

Solution: A  [x : x  R,  1  x  1]

B  [x : x  R : x  1  1 or x  1  1] = [x : x  R : x  0 or x  2]

 ABRD
Where D = [x : x  R,1  x  2]
ADDITION THEOREMS ON SETS
If A, B and C are finite sets and U be the finite universal set, then
(1) n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)
(2) n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  A, B are disjoint non-void sets.
(3) n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A  B) i.e. n(A – B) + n(A  B) = n(A)
(4) n(A  B  C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A  B) – n(B  C) – n(A  C) + n(A  B  C)
(5) n(A  B) = n(A  B) = n(U) – n(A  B)
(6) n(A  B) = n(A  B) = n(U) – n(A  B)
LAWS OF ALGEBRA OF SETS
Idempotent laws
For any set A, we have
(i) A  A = A (ii) A  A = A
Identity laws
For any set A, we have
(i) A   = A (ii) A  U = A
i.e.  and U are identity elements for union and intersection respectively.
Commutative laws
For any two sets A and B, we have
(i) A  B = B  A (ii) A  B = B  A
i.e. union, intersection and symmetric difference of two sets are commutative.
(iii) AB  BA (iv) A  B  B  A
i.e., difference and cartesian product of two sets are not commutative
Associative laws
If A, B and C are any three sets, then
(i) (A  B)  C = A  (B  C) (ii) A  (B  C) = (A  B)  C (iii) ( AB)C  A(BC)
i.e., difference and cartesian product of two sets are not associative.
Distributive law
If A, B and C are any three sets, then
(i) A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (ii) A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)
i.e. union and intersection are distributive over intersection and union respectively.
De-Morgan’s law
If A and B are any two sets, then
(i) (A  B) = A  B (ii) (A  B) = A  B
(iii) A  (B  C)  ( A  B)  ( A  C) (iv) A  (B  C)  ( A  B)  ( A  C)
Example: If A and B are two sets such that n( A)  70 , n(B)  60 and n( A  B)  110 , then n( A  B) is equal to
(a) 240 (b) 50 (c) 40 (d) 20
Solution: n( A  B)  n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B)
 110 = 70 + 60 – n(A  B)
 n( A  B)  130  110  20 .

Example: Let n(U)  700 , n( A)  200 , n(B)  300 and n( A  B)  100 , then n( A c  B c ) 
 (a) 400 (b) 600 (c) 300 (d) 200

n( A  B ) = n[(A  B)c] = n(U)  n( A  B) = n(U)  [n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B)] = 700 – [200 + 300 – 100] = 300.
c c
Solution:
Example: In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% family buy newspaper A, 20% buy newspaper B and 10% families buy
newspaper C, 5% families buy A and B, 3% buy B and C and 4% buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the three newspapers,
Find the number of families which buy A only.
Solution: n(A) = 40% of 10,000 = 4,000
n(B) = 20% of 10,000 = 2,000
n(C) = 10% of 10,000 = 1,000
n (A  B) = 5% of 10,000 = 500, n (B  C) = 3% of 10,000 = 300
n(C  A) = 4% of 10,000 = 400, n(A  B  C) = 2% of 10,000 = 200
We want to find n(A  Bc  Cc) = n[A  (B  C)c]
= n(A) – n[A  (B  C)] = n(A) – n[(A  B)  (A  C)] = n(A) – [n(A  B) + n(A  C) – n(A  B  C)]
= 4000 – [500 + 400 – 200] = 4000 – 700 = 3300.
Example: In a city 20 percent of the population travels by car, 50 percent travels by bus and 10 percent travels by both car and bus.
Find the number of persons travelling by car or bus .
Solution: n(C) = 20, n(B) = 50, n(C  B) = 10
Now, n(C  B) = n(C) + n(B) – n(C  B) = 20 + 50 – 10 = 60.
Hence, required number of persons = 60%.
Example: In a class of 55 students, the number of students studying different subjects are 23 in Mathematics, 24 in Physics, 19 in
Chemistry, 12 in Mathematics and Physics, 9 in Mathematics and Chemistry, 7 in Physics and Chemistry and 4 in all the
three subjects. Find the number of students who have taken exactly one subject.
Solution: n(M) = 23, n(P) = 24, n(C)= 19
n(M  P) = 12, n(M  C)= 9, n(P  C)= 7
n(M  P  C) = 4
We have to find n(M  P  C), n(P  M   C ), n ( C  M   P )
Now n (M  P  C) = n[M  (P  C)]
= n(M)– n(M  (P  C))  n(M )  n[(M  P)  (M  C)]
= n(M) – n(M  P)– n(M  C) + n(M  P  C) = 23 –12 – 9 + 4 = 27 –21 = 6
n(P  M  C) = n[P  (M  C)]
= n(P)– n[P  (M  C)] = n(P)  n[(P  M )  (P  C)] = n(P) – n(P  M) – n(P  C) + n(P  M  C)
= 24 – 12 – 7 + 4 = 9
n(C  M  P) = n(C) – n(C  P) – n(C  M)+ n(C  P  M) = 19 – 7 – 9 + 4 = 23 – 16 = 7
Hence total number of students taking exactly one subject is 22

Example: If A, B and C are any three sets, then A – (B  C) is equal to

(a) (A – B)  (A – C) (b) (A – B)  (A – C) (c) (A – B)  C (d) (A – B)  C
Solution: It is De' Morgan law.

Example: If A  [x : x is a multiple of 3] and B  [x : x is a multiple of 5], then A – B is ( A means complement of A)

(a) A B (b) AB (c) A B (d) AB

Solution: A – B = A  Bc = A  B .
FIITJEE
CHAPTER PRACTICE PROBLEMS-SETS
DESCRIPTION OF A SET
Q 1. Which of the following collections are sets?
(i) A collection of all natural numbers less than 50.
(ii) The collection of good hockey players in India.
(iii) The collection of all girls in your class.
(iv) The collection of most talented writers of India.
(v) The collection of difficult topics in mathematics.
(vi) The collection of all months of a year beginning with the letter J.
(vii) A collection of novels written by Munshi Prem Chand.
(viii) The collection of all questions in this chapter.
(ix) A collection of most dangerous animals of the world.
(x) The collection of prime integers.
Q 2. If A = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8,9,10}, then insert the appropriate symbol  or  in each of the following blank spaces:
(i) 4.....A (ii) -4......A (iii) 12 ....A
(iv) 9 ....A (v) 0.....A (vi) -2.....A

REPRESENTATION OF A SET IN ROSTER FORM

Fill in the blank by writing the following sets in Roster form:

1.{x: x is a letter before E in the English alphabet)……………………………………

2. {x  N :x2 < 25}……………………………………

3. {x  N : x is a prime number, 10 < x < 20}…………………………………………

4. {x  N : x = 2n, n  N)……………………………………….

5. {x  R : x > x}……………………………………………

6. {x : x is a prime number which is a divisor of 60}………………………………………………

7. {x : x is a two digit number such that the sum of its digits is 8}……………………………………….

8. The set of all letters in the word 'TRIGONOMETRY'………………………………………………

9. The set of all letters in the word 'BETTER'………………………………………….

10. A = {x | x  Z, x2 < 20}…………………………………………………..

REPRESENTATION OF A SET IN SET BUILDER FORM

Fill in the blank by writing the following sets in set builder form:

1. {P, R, I, N, C, A, L} ……………………………………….

2. {0}…………………………….. ……….

3. {1,2,3,6,9,18}……………………………………..

4. {-3,3}…………………………………
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
5.  , , , , , , , ,  ………………………………………..
 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

 1 1 1 1 
6. X = 1, , , , ,...... ………………………………………….
 4 9 16 25 
7. A = {x : x2 ≤ 10, x  Z}………………………………………………
1
8. B = {x : x = , 1 ≤ n ≤ 5}………………………………………..
2n  1
1 9
9. C = {x : x is an integer,   x  } …………………………………………
2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
10.  , , , , , ,  ……………………………………………….
 2 5 10 17 26 37 50 

TYPES OF SETS
MATCH THE FOLLOWING SET WITH ITS APPROPRIATE TYPE

SET EMPTY FINITE INFINITE NONE

1. A = {x : x  Z and
x2 - 5x + 6 = 0}
2. B = {x : x  Z and x2 is even}

3. C = {x : x  Z and x2 = 36}

4. D = {x :x  Z and x > -10}

5.Set of all even prime numbers.

6.{x: x2 - 2 = 0 and x is rational}

7.(x: x is a point common to any two

parallel lines}
8. {x  N : x > 5}

9. {x  N : x < 200}

10. {x  R : 0 < x < 1}

ALGEBRA OF SETS
1. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, C = {7, 8, 9, 10,11} and D = {10, 11, 12,13,14}, then write

(i) A  B……………………………………

(ii) A  C……………………………………

(iii) B  C…………………………………..

(iv) B  D……………………………………

(v) A  B  C………………………………….

(vi) A  B  D………………………………….
 (vii) B  C  D…………………………………

(viii) A  (B C)………………………………….

(ix) (A  B)  (B  C)……………………………

(x) (A  D)  (B  C)……………………………..

2. Let U = {1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9}, A = {1,2, 3, 4}, B = {2,4, 6, 8} and C = {3,4, 5, 6}. Find

(i) A'………………………………………...

(ii) B'……………………………………….

(iii) (A  C)'……………………………….

(iv) (A  B)'……………………………….

(v) (A')'……………………………………..

(vi) (B - C)'………………………………….

QUESTIONS ON ADDITION THEOREMS

1. In a group of 800 people, 550 can speak Hindi and 450 can speak English. How many can speak both Hindi and English ?
2. In a class of 35 students, 24 like to play cricket and 16 like to play football. Also, each student likes to play at least one of the two
games. How many students like to play both cricket and football?
3. There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 has been exposed to chemical C1, 50 to chemical C2 and 30 to both the chemicals
C1 and C2. Find the number of individuals exposed to (i) chemical C1 or chemical C2 (ii) chemical C1 but not chemical C2 (iii)
chemical C2 but not chemical C1.
4. Out of 500 car owners investigated, 400 owned Maruti car and 200 owned. Hyundai car; 50 owned both cars. Is this data correct ?
5. There are 40 students in a chemistry class and 60 students in a physics class. Find the number of students which are either in physics
class or chemistry class in the following cases:
(i) the two classes meet at the same hour.
(ii) the two classes meet at different hours and 20 students are enrolled in both the subjects.
6. If A, B and C are three sets and U is the universal set such that n(U) = 700, n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 and n(A  B) = 100. Find n (A' 
B').
Q 7. In a class of 35 students, 17 have taken mathematics, 10 have taken mathematics but not economics. Find the number of students who
have taken both mathematics and economics and the number of students who have taken economics but not mathematics, if it is given
that each student has taken either mathematics or economics or both.
8. In a town of '10,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper A, 20% families buy newspaper B and 10% families buy
newspaper C. 5% families buy A and B, 3% buy B and C and 4% buy A and C. If 2% families buy all the three news papers, find the
number of families which buy (i) A only (ii) B only (in) none of A, B and C.
9. A college awarded 38 medals in Football, 15 in Basketball and 20 to Cricket. If, these medals went to a total of 58 men and only three
men got medals in all the three sports, how many received medals in exactly two of the three sports ?
10. In a survey of 25 students, it was found that 15 had taken mathematics, 12 had taken physics and 11 had taken chemistry, 5 had taken
mathematics and chemistry, 9 had taken mathematics and physics, 4 had taken physics and chemistry and 3 had taken all the three
subjects.Find the number of students that had
(i) only chemistry. (ii) only mathematics. (iii) only physics. (iv) physics and chemistry but not mathematics. (v) mathematics and
physics but not chemistry. (vi) only one of the subjects. (vii) at least one of the three subjects. (viii) none of the subjects.
Q 11. In a group of 950 persons, 750 can speak Hindi and 460 can speak English. Find :
(i) how many can speak both Hindi and English: (ii) how many can speak Hindi only; (iii) how many can speak English only,
Q 12. In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 people read newspaper H, 26 read newspaper T, 26 read newspaper I,9 read both H and
I, 11 read both H and T, 8 read both T and I, 3 read all three newspapers. Find:
(i) the numbers of people who read at least one of the newspapers.
(ii) the number of people who read exactly one newspaper.
Q 13. A survey of 500 television viewers produced the following information; 285 watch football, 195 watch hockey, 115 watch basketball,
45 watch football and basketball, 70 watch football and hockey, 50 watch hockey and basketball, 50 do not watch any of the three
games. How many watch all the three games? How many watch exactly one of the three games ?
Q 14. In a survey of 100 students, the number of students studying the various languages were found to be : English only 18, English but not
Hindi 23, English and Sanskrit 8, English 26, Sanskrit 48, Sanskrit and Hindi 8, no language 24. Find :
(i) How many students were studying Hindi ?
(ii) How many students were studying English and Hindi ?
Q 15. In a survey it was found that 21 persons liked product P1, 26 liked product P2 and 29 liked product P3. If 14 persons liked products P1
and P2; 12 persons liked product P3 and P1; 14 persons liked products P2 and P3 and 8 liked all the three products. Find how many liked
product P3 only.

ANSWERS
ANSWERS-DESCRIPTION OF SETS
1. (i), (iii), (vi), (vii), (viii), (x) 2. (i)  (ii)  (iii)  (iv)  (v)  (vi) 
ANSWERS-ROASTER FORM
1. {a, b, c, d} 2. {1,2,3,4} 3. {11,13,17,19} 4. {2,4,6,8,...} 5. Empty set
6.{2,3,5} 7. {17,26,35,44,53,62,71,80} 8. {T,R,I,G,O,N,M,E,T,Y} 9. {B,E,T,R}
10. A = {-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
ANSWERS-SET BUILDER FORM
1. {x : x is a letter of the word 'PRINCIPAL'.}
2. {x : x is an integer and x + 1 = 1}

3. {x : x is a positive integer and is a divisor of 18}

4. {x :x is an integer and x2 - 9 = 0}

 n 
5. x : x  , n  N, n  9 
 n 1 
1 
6. X   2 : n  N
n 

7. A = {0,±1,±2, ±3}

 1 1 1 1
8.B = 1, , , , 
 3 5 7 9
9.C = {0,1, 2,3,4}

 n 
10.  : n  N, n  7 
 n 1 
2

ANSWERS ON ADDITION THEOREMS

1. 200
2. 5
3. (i) 140 (ii) 90 (iii) 20
4. Incorrect

5. (i) 100 (ii) 80

6. 300
7. 18
8. (i) 3300 (ii) 1400 (iii) 4000
9. 9
10. (i) 5 (ii) 4 (iii) 2 (iv) 1 (v) 6 (vi) 11 (vii) 23 (viii) 2
11. (i) 260 (ii) 490 (iii) 200 12. 20,325
13. (i) 20 (ii) 30 14. (i) 18 (ii) 3 15. 11
FIITJEE
OBJECTIVE ASSIGNMENT-SETS
1. In rule method the null set is represented by
(a) {} (b)  (c) {x : x  x } (d) {x : x  x }
2. A  {x : x  x} represents
(a) {0} (b) {} (c) {1} (d) {x}
3. If A  { , { }}, then the power set of A is
(a) A (b) { , { }, A} (c) { , { }, ({ }}, A} (d) None of these

 1 
4. If Q   x : x  , where y  N  , then
 y 
2
(a) 0 Q (b) 1  Q (c) 2Q (d) Q
3
5. Which set is the subset of all given sets
(a) {1, 2, 3, 4,......} (b) {1} (c) {0} (d) {}
6. Let S  {0, 1, 5, 4, 7} . Then the total number of subsets of S is
(a) 64 (b) 32 (c) 40 (d) 20
7. The number of non-empty subsets of the set {1, 2, 3, 4} is
(a) 15 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 17
8. If A  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, then the number of proper subsets of A is
(a) 120 (b) 30 (c) 31 (d) 32
9. Let A  {1, 2, 3, 4}, B  {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} , then A  B is equal to
(a) {2, 3, 4} (b) {1, 2, 3} (c) {5, 6} (d) {1}
10. The smallest set A such that A  {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 9} is
(a) {2, 3, 5} (b) {3, 5, 9} (c) {1, 2, 5, 9} (d) None of these
11. If A  B = B, then
(a) AB (b) BA (c) A  (d) B 
12. For two sets A  B  A iff
(a) BA (b) AB (c) AB (d) AB
13. If A and B are two sets, then A  B  A  B iff
(a) AB (b) BA (c) AB (d) None of these
14. Let A and B be two sets. Then
(a) A  B  A  B (b) A  B  A  B (c) A  B = A  B (d) None of these

15. Let A  {(x , y ) : y  e x , x  R} , B  {(x , y ) : y  e  x , x  R}. Then

(a) AB  (b) AB  (c) A  B  R2 (d) None of these

16. If A = {2, 3, 4, 8, 10}, B = {3, 4, 5, 10, 12}, C = {4, 5, 6, 12, 14} then (A  B)  (A  C) is equal to
(a) {3, 4, 10} (b) {2, 8, 10} (c) {4, 5, 6} (d) {3, 5, 14}
17. If A and B are any two sets, then A  (A  B) is equal to
(a) A (b) B (c) Ac (d) Bc
18. If A, B, C be three sets such that A  B = A  C and A  B = A  C, then
(a) A = B (b) B = C (c) A = C (d) A = B = C
19. Let A = {a, b, c}, B = {b, c, d}, C = {a, b, d, e}, then A  (B  C) is
(a) {a, b, c} (b) {b, c, d} (c) {a, b, d, e} (d) {e}
20. If A = {2, 3, 4, 8, 10}, B = {3, 4, 5, 10, 12}, C = {4, 5, 6, 12, 14} then (A  B)  (A  C) is equal to
(a) {2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12} (b) {2, 4, 8, 10, 12} (c) {3, 8, 10, 12} (d) {2, 8, 10}
21. If A and B are sets, then A  (B – A) is
(a)  (b) A (c) B (d) None of these
22. Two sets A, B are disjoint iff
(a) AB  (b) AB  (c) AB  (d) AB A
23. Let A and B be two non-empty subsets of a set X such that A is not a subset of B, then
 (a) A is always a subset of the complement of B (b) B is always a subset of A
(c) A and B are always disjoint (d) A and the complement of B are always non-disjoint
24. If A  B , then A  B is equal to
(a) A (b) B (c) Ac (d) Bc
25. If A and B are two sets, then A  ( A  B) is equal to
(a) A (b) B (c)  (d) None of these
26. Let   {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} , A  {1, 2, 5}, B  {6, 7} , then A  B is
(a) B (b) A (c) A (d) B
27. If A is any set, then
(a) A  A   (b) A  A   (c) A  A   (d) None of these
28. If N a  [an : n  N }, then N 6  N 8 
(a) N6 (b) N8 (c) N 24 (d) N 44
29. If aN  {ax : x  N }, then the set 3 N  7 N is
(a) 21 N (b) 10 N (c) 4 N (d) None of these
30. The shaded region in the given figure is

C B

(a) A  (B  C) (b) A  (B  C) (c) A  (B – C) (d) A – (B  C)

31. If A  [x : f (x )  0] and B  [x : g(x )  0] , then A  B will be
f (x ) g( x )
(a) [ f (x )]2  [g(x )]2  0 (b) (c) (d) None of these
g( x ) f (x )
32. If A and B are two sets then (A – B)  (B – A)  (A  B) is equal to
(a) A  B (b) A  B (c) A (d) B
33. Let A and B be two sets then ( A  B)  ( A  B) is equal to
(a) A (b) A (c) B (d) None of these
34. Let U be the universal set and A  B  C  U . Then {( A  B)  (B  C)  (C  A)} is equal to
(a) A  B C (b) A  (B  C) (c) A  B C (d) A  (B  C)
35. If n( A)  3 , n(B)  6 and A  B . Then the number of elements in A  B is equal to
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) None of these
36. If n( A)  3 and n(B)  6 and A  B . Then the number of elements in A  B is equal to
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) None of these
37. Let A and B be two sets such that n( A)  0.16, n(B)  0.14 , n( A  B)  0.25 . Then n( A  B) is equal to
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.05 (d) None of these
38. If A and B are disjoint, then n( A  B) is equal to
(a) n(A) (b) n(B) (c) n( A)  n(B) (d) n( A). n(B)
39. If A and B are not disjoint sets, then n( A  B) is equal to
(a) n( A)  n(B) (b) n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B) (c) n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B) (d) n( A) n(B)
40. In a battle 70% of the combatants lost one eye, 80% an ear, 75% an arm, 85% a leg, x% lost all the four limbs. The minimum value of x
is
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) None of these

41. In a certain town 25% families own a phone and 15% own a car, 65% families own neither a phone nor a car. 2000 families own both a
car and a phone. Consider the following statements in this regard:
1. 10% families own both a car and a phone
2. 35% families own either a car or a phone
3. 40,000 families live in the town
Which of the above statements are correct ?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
42. Out of 800 boys in a school, 224 played cricket, 240 played hockey and 336 played basketball. Of the total, 64 played both basketball
and hockey; 80 played cricket and basketball and 40 played cricket and hockey; 24 played all the three games. The number of boys who
did not play any game is
(a) 128 (b) 216 (c) 240 (d) 160
43. A survey shows that 63% of the Americans like cheese whereas 76% like apples. If x% of the Americans like both cheese and apples, then
(a) x  39 (b) x  63 (c) 39  x  63 (d) None of these
44. 20 teachers of a school either teach mathematics or physics. 12 of them teach mathematics while 4 teach both the subjects. Then the
number of teachers teaching physics only is
(a) 12 (b) 8 (c) 16 (d) None of these
45. Of the members of three athletic teams in a school 21 are in the cricket team, 26 are in the hockey team and 29 are in the football team.
Among them, 14 play hockey and cricket, 15 play hockey and football, and 12 play football and cricket. Eight play all the three games.
The total number of members in the three athletic teams is
(a) 43 (b) 76 (c) 49 (d) None of these
46. In a class of 100 students, 55 students have passed in Mathematics and 67 students have passed in Physics. Then the number of students
who have passed in Physics only is
(a) 22 (b) 33 (c) 10 (d) 45
47. In a college of 300 students, every student reads 5 newspaper and every newspaper is read by 60 students. The no. of newspaper is

(a) At least 30 (b) At most 20 (c) Exactly 25 (d) None of these

48. If A, B be any two sets, then ( A  B) is equal to
(a) A  B  (b) A  B  (c) AB (d) AB
49. If A and B be any two sets, then ( A  B) is equal to
(a) A  Β (b) A  B  (c) AB (d) AB
50. Let A and B be subsets of a set X. Then
(a) AB  AB (b) AB  AB (c) A  B  Ac  B (d) A  B  A  Bc

ANSWERS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
d b c b d b a c a b b a c b b a a b a a
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
a c d a c b b c a d a a a c c a c c b a
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
c d c b a d c b b d