Integration of IoT and 5G/6G

Kanagasundaram K
Agenda
➔ 5G Overview
What is 5G?
Evaluation 1G to 5G and 6G
5G/6G Use Cases

➔ IoT and 5G/6G Challenges

5G/6G Overview
What is 5G/6G?
5G is the fifth generation of cellular mobile communications. It succeeds the 4G
(LTE/WiMax), 3G (UMTS) and 2G (GSM) systems. 5G performance targets include high
data rate, reduced latency, energy saving, cost reduction, higher system capacity and
massive device connectivity - Wikipedia

It is a 3GPP Standard defined in its Release 15, 16(IIoT) and 17

6G is the designation for a future technical standard of a sixth-generation technology for

wireless communications. Similar to previous generations of the cellular architecture,
standardization bodies such as 3GPP and ETSI, as well as industry groups such as the
Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) Alliance

It is a 3GPP Standard defined in its Release 20

Evaluation of 1G to 5G technologies

Source: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/92cf/1e3eb16a2f18db2766897164e084c995e36e.pdf
6G Advantages

BCI - Brain Computer Interaction

mMTC - Massive Machine-Type Communications
High level network Architecture

https://www.connectivity.technology/2019/08/high-level-architecture-introduction-of.html
Comparison between 5G and 6G Architecture

Source:
The shift to 6G communications: vision and requirements
Drivers for High speed Networks

Source: https://futurenetworks.ieee.org/tech-focus/june-2017/standards-for-5g-and-beyond
Capabilities of 5G

eMBB - enhanced Mobile Broadband URLLC - Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication

MMTC - Massive Machine type Communication

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G
 Capabilities of 5G/6G

eMBB - enhanced Mobile Broadband URLLC - Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G
MMTC - Massive Machine type Communication
Beyond 5G/6G KPIs and Target Values
5G - New use cases and Technologies
❖ New Use cases ❖ Key Technologies
➢ Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) ➢ Advanced Air Interface-Massive MIMO
➢ Massive Internet of Things (MIoT) ➢ LTE & NR Dual Connectivity
➢ Critical Communications (MCC) ➢ Ultra Low Latency
➢ Automotive (5GAA, Railway-UIC) ➢ Network Slicing
■ Assisted Driving ➢ Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC)
■ Autonomous Driving ➢ Application Programming Interfaces
■ Tele-Operated Driving (API)
■ Vehicle to Network & Media ➢ Network Function Virtualization (NFV)
➢ Energy/Smart Grid ➢ Software Defined Networks (SDN)
➢ HealthCare ➢ Strong Security
➢ Media and Entertainment
3GPP and IoT
5G/6G - 3GPP Standards (Slide 2 and 3) 5G Standards

3GPP IoT Driven Growth

EC-GSM-IoT - Enhanced Communication GSM for IoT
LTE-M LTE Machine
NB-IoT - Narrowband IoT
3GPP Standards for IoT
5G Architecture
Service Based Architecture Reference Point Architecture

Source:
3GPP/5G_INFRASTRUCTURE_WORK_3GPP_MAYER.pd
 5G Architecture
Session Management
Traffic Steering
Policy enforcement and QoS Control
Service Based Architecture Reference Point Architecture
Security and
Authentication
Mobility management
SMF Selection

Underlay network - Routers

Pocket Routing & Inspection
Userplane QoS handling

Radio Resource Management

Connection setup, QoS, Routing U/C plane
Slicie support

Source:
3GPP/5G_INFRASTRUCTURE_WORK_3GPP_MAYER.pd
Network Transformation from 4G to 5G

http://www.5gamericas.org/files/3215/1190/8811/5G_Services_and_Use_Cases.pdf
Network Slicing

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.04676.pdf
Self Organizing Network
❖ Defined in Release 8 of 3GPP (36.902)
➢ First available with LTE
❖ Types
➢ Distributed SON - eNB
➢ Centralized SON - OSS
➢ Hybrid SON
❖ Characteristics
➢ Scalability, Stability, Agility
❖ Other network types
➢ Adaptive - fixed conditions
➢ Autonomous - Adaptive + no Human
➢ Cognitive - Learning and adaptive to the
environment
➢ SON - Adaptive, Autonomous,decide
independently. Learn and improve
performance based on feedback
Implementation of Self-Organizing Network (SON) on Cellular Technology based on Big Data Network Analytics - Muhammad Firdaus
Self Configuration
Example

O. G. Aliu, A. Imran, M. A. Imran, and B. Evans, “A Survey of Self Organisation in Future Cellular Networks
IoT Challenges and Opportunities
● Massive number of connected Devices
and Sensors
● Vest amount of data generated and
processed
● Heavenly Automation Infrastructure
● Real Time monitoring and Analytics
● Visualization and User experience
● Large scale deployment
● Security and Privacy
Challenges in IoT and 5G/6G integration
● Scalability Issues - Managing Billions of
devices - AI Driven Management
● Security and Privacy Concerns - increased
cyber threats - Advanced Authentication and
encryption
● Energy Consumptions & sustainability - Energy
demand Iot 5g/6G - Green IoT and Energy
Efficient comm Protocol
● Cost and Infrastructure Challenges - High
deployment cost - OpenRAN and Shared spectrum
● Interoperability and Standardization - Lack
of standards of IoT devices - Unified
frameworks for seamless comm.
IoT-Security Challenges
● Device Authentication and Authorization
● Data Encryption
● Firmware and software Updates
● Physical Security
● Network security
● Privacy Concerns
● Life Cycle and Supply Chain Management
AI Application in IoT
● Predictive Maintenance
● Anomaly Detection
● Optimized Resource Management
● Smart Automation, Robotics
○ Home, industrial, etc
● Monitoring and Diagnostics
○ Health Care, Network Operation,
Traffic, etc
● Environmental Monitoring and
Sustainability
● Supply chain Optimization
AI, ML Applications in Securing IoT
● Anomaly Detection ● Vulnerability Management
○ Baseline the normal behaviour, Pattern
○ ML Based system can automatically detect
○ Detect deviations and alletrs
Vulnerability
○ Ex: Network, user and application
○ Use Software Configurations, versions and
behaviours
patch level
● Behavioral Analysis ○ Help detect and mitigate critical issues
○ ML based analysis of IOT devices and
Users
● Network Intrusion Detection and
○ To detect security incidents, insider Prevention
threats or security compromises ○ AI Powered IDS and IPS
● Threat Intelligence ○ ML Algorithms analyse Traffic Patterns,
protocol anomalies, attack signature
○ Aggregate and analyze data from various
sources to identify emerging threats ● Authentication and Access
○ Sources - Open source feeds,
vulnerabilities, attack techniques
Control
○ AI Based Authentication - Contextual and
● Malware Detection multifactor
○ Detect Malwares - botnets, ○ ML can detect Anomalies in user patterns
ransomware and behaviour
○ ML models trained on large datasets of ● Security Analytics
known malware ○ AI, ML can analyse data form IOT and
● Adversarial Machine Learning Security system, correlate and detect
○ Detect and mitigate attacks against ML incidents
based security systems ● Application of GPTs
● Automated Incident Response ○ Natural Language understanding
○ SOAR - AI powered Security Orchestration, ○ Security Education and Training
Automation and response ○ And all the above
References
Gupta, A., & Jha, R. K. (2015). "A survey of 5G network: Architecture and emerging
technologies." IEEE Access.

Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., et al. (2019). "6G Wireless Networks: Vision, Requirements, Architecture,
and Key Technologies." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine.

Alsabah, M., et al. (2021). "Green IoT: Energy-efficient solutions for next-generation IoT
applications." IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

Li, X., et al. (2022). "Security and Privacy in 6G Networks: Research Directions and
Challenges." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

Raza, U., et al. (2018). "Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview." IEEE Communications
Surveys & Tutorials.
References:
1. https://docbox.etsi.org/Workshop/2017/20170406_ETSI_SUMMIT_5G_NWK_INFRASTRUCTURE/01_SESSION_A_CHALL
ENGES_5G_INFRAST_DEVELOP/5G_INFRASTRUCTURE_WORK_3GPP_MAYER.pdf
2. https://futurenetworks.ieee.org/tech-focus/june-2017/standards-for-5g-and-beyond
3. http://www.3gpp.org/specifications/67-releases
4. http://www.5gamericas.org/files/3215/1190/8811/5G_Services_and_Use_Cases.pdf
5. Network Slicing for 5G with SDN/NFV: Concepts,Architectures and Challenges, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.04676.pdf
6. Network Function Virtualization (NFV); Archetectural Overview
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/nfv/001_099/002/01.01.01_60/gs_nfv002v010101p.pdf
7. NFV and SDN—Key Technology Enablers for 5G Networks, Faqir Zarrar Yousaf, Michael Bredel, Sibylle Schaller, and Fabian
Schneider, IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 35, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2017
8. Network Slicing for 5G with SDN/NFV: Concepts, Architectures and Challenges, J. Ordonez-Lucena , P. Ameigeiras , D.
Lopez, J.J. Ramos-Munoz , J. Lorca, J. Folgueira, IEEE Communications Magazine, DOI 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600935

https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Information/presentations/Presentations_2024/04_SA6_past-present-future_v20.pdf
SDN
What is SDN?
❖ SDN is the outcome of the “Clean Slate Program”; which is an interdisciplinary
research program by Sanford University
❖ Aimed to build a new network with out considering the complexities of the existing
systems
❖ Key aspects of SDN include:
➢ separation of data and control planes
➢ a uniform vendor agnostic interface called OpenFlow between control and data
planes
➢ logically centralized control plane that constructs and presents a logical map of
the entire network to services or control applications on top
➢ slicing and virtualization of the underlying network
Limitations of current networking

❖ Closed Systems with no or very minimal abstractions in the network design.

❖ Hardware centric – usage of custom ASICs with Vendor Specific Software.
❖ Difficult to perform real world experiments on large scale production
networks.
❖ No standard abstractions towards north bound and south bound interfaces,
even though we have standard abstractions in the east / west bound
interface with peer routers / switches.
Need for SDN

❖ Facilitate Innovation in Network

❖ Layered architecture with Standard Open Interfaces
❖ Independent innovation at each layer
❖ More accessibility since software can be easily developed by more vendors
❖ Speed-to-market – no hardware fabrication cycles
❖ More flexibility with programmability and ease of customization and
integration with other software applications
❖ Fast upgrades
❖ Program a network vs Configure a network
SDN Architecture
Openflow- What is it ?
❖ OpenFlow comprises of a Protocol and an Architecture.
❖ In the traditional networking device, the control and forwarding functionalities reside on the
same network device.
OpenFlow Controller

Control Plane
Control Plane

Forwarding Plane OpenFlow

Forwarding Plane
Traditional Networking Device OpenFlow enabled Networking Device

❖ In the OpenFlow Architecture, an interface at the network switch is used to program the packet
matching and forwarding operations on the device through external control device called
“Controller”.
Main Components of an Openflow Switch
❖ The OpenFlow Logical Switch consists of one or more flow tables and a
group table.
Controller

OpenFlow Protocol

OpenFlow Channel
Group Table

Flow Table Flow Table

Pipeline
OpenFlow Switch
❖ The Switch does packet lookups and forwarding.
❖ The communication between the Switch and the Controller is via the
OpenFlow protocol.
Benefits of Software-Defined Network
❖ Directly Programmable: SDN network policy is directly programmable because the control functions are
decoupled from forwarding functions, which enables the network to be programmatically configured by
proprietary or open source automation tools, including OpenStack, Puppet, and Chef.
❖ Centralized Management: Network intelligence is logically centralized in an SDN controller software that
maintains a global view of the network, which appears to applications and SDN network policy engines as a
single, logical switch.
❖ Reduce CapEx: Software-Defined Networking potentially limits the need to purchase purpose-built, ASIC-based
networking hardware, and instead supports pay-as-you-grow models
❖ Reduce OpEX: SDN enables algorithmic control of the network of network elements (such as hardware or
software switches/routers) that are increasingly programmable, making it easier to design, deploy, manage, and
scale networks. The ability to automate provisioning and orchestration optimizes service availability and
reliability by reducing overall management time and the chance for human error.
❖ Deliver Agility and Flexibility: Software-Defined Networking helps organizations rapidly deploy new
applications, services, and infrastructure to quickly meet changing business goals and objectives.
❖ Enable Innovation: SDN enables organizations to create new types of applications, services, and business
models that can offer new revenue streams and more value from the network.
NFV
Network Function Virtualization (NFV)

❖ Network functions virtualization (NFV) (also known as virtual network function (VNF))
offers a new way to design, deploy and manage networking services. NFV
decouples the network functions, such as network address translation (NAT),
firewalling, intrusion detection, domain name service (DNS), and caching, to name a
few, from proprietary hardware appliances so they can run in software.
❖ It’s designed to consolidate and deliver the networking components needed to
support a fully virtualized infrastructure – including virtual servers, storage, and even
other networks. It utilizes standard IT virtualization technologies that run on
high-volume service, switch and storage hardware to virtualize network functions. It
is applicable to any data plane processing or control plane function in both wired
and wireless network infrastructures.
End to End Network Service with VNF

Source: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/nfv/001_099/002/01.01.01_60/gs_nfv002v010101p.pdf
ETSI - NFV Reference Architecture Framework
(MONO)

Source: https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/nfv/001_099/002/01.01.01_60/gs_nfv002v010101p.pdf
The Benefits of Network Functions Virtualization

❖ Reduce CapEx: reducing the need to purchase purpose-built hardware and

supporting pay-as-you-grow models to eliminate wasteful over-provisioning.
❖ Reduce OpEX: reducing space, power and cooling requirements of equipment and
simplifying the roll out and management of network services.
❖ Accelerate Time-to-Market: reducing the time to deploy new networking services
to support changing business requirements, seize new market opportunities and
improve return on investment of new services. Also lowers the risks associated with
rolling out new services, allowing providers to easily trial and evolve services to
determine what best meets the needs of customers.
❖ Deliver Agility and Flexibility: quickly scale up or down services to address
changing demands; support innovation by enabling services to be delivered via
software on any industry-standard server hardware.
https://www.sdxcentral.com/nfv/definitions/whats-network-functions-virtualization-nfv/
Realization of 5G Network Slicing with
SDN and NFV
Network Slicing Realization
ETSI MANO Overview InPs and Tenants as Virtualization actors

Source:Network Slicing for 5G with

Source: NFV and SDN—Key Technology
SDN/NFV: Concepts, Architectures and
Enablers for 5G Networks
Challenges
Network Slicing Deployment with SDN and NFV

OSS - Operation Support System

BSS - Billing support System
VNF - Virtual Network Function
NSO - Network Service Orchestrator
WAN - WAN Infrastructure Manager
VIM - Virtualized Infra. Manager
PoP - Point of Presence
InP - Infrastructure Provider
RO - Resource Orchestrator
TC - Tenant SDN Controller
IC - Infrastrecture SDN Controller

Source:Network Slicing for 5G with

SDN/NFV: Concepts, Architectures and
Challenges
References:
1. https://docbox.etsi.org/Workshop/2017/20170406_ETSI_SUMMIT_5G_NWK_INFRASTRUCTURE/01_SESSION_A_CHALL
ENGES_5G_INFRAST_DEVELOP/5G_INFRASTRUCTURE_WORK_3GPP_MAYER.pdf
2. https://futurenetworks.ieee.org/tech-focus/june-2017/standards-for-5g-and-beyond
3. http://www.3gpp.org/specifications/67-releases
4. http://www.5gamericas.org/files/3215/1190/8811/5G_Services_and_Use_Cases.pdf
5. Network Slicing for 5G with SDN/NFV: Concepts,Architectures and Challenges, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.04676.pdf
6. Network Function Virtualization (NFV); Archetectural Overview
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gs/nfv/001_099/002/01.01.01_60/gs_nfv002v010101p.pdf
7. NFV and SDN—Key Technology Enablers for 5G Networks, Faqir Zarrar Yousaf, Michael Bredel, Sibylle Schaller, and Fabian
Schneider, IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 35, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2017
8. Network Slicing for 5G with SDN/NFV: Concepts, Architectures and Challenges, J. Ordonez-Lucena , P. Ameigeiras , D.
Lopez, J.J. Ramos-Munoz , J. Lorca, J. Folgueira, IEEE Communications Magazine, DOI 10.1109/MCOM.2017.1600935

https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Information/presentations/Presentations_2024/04_SA6_past-present-future_v20.pdf