FYUP B.Sc./B.A./B.

Com (ODD SEMESTER) EXAMINATION

Subject: Operating Systems

Maximum Marks: 70
Duration: 2 Hours

Instructions:

• Question paper contains three sections: A, B, and C.

• All sections are compulsory, and the marks assigned are mentioned against each question.

SECTION A

This section is of 16 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 4 marks.

1. (a) Explain the functions of an operating system.

(b) What is multiprogramming, and how does it improve system performance?
OR
(a) Discuss the memory hierarchy in a computer system.
(b) Define interrupts and their role in process execution.

2. (a) Differentiate between paging and segmentation.

(b) Write a short note on demand paging.

3. (a) Define process and process states.

(b) Explain CPU scheduling criteria with examples.

4. (a) What is virtual memory? How does it benefit system performance?

(b) Compare and contrast batch processing and real-time systems.
OR
(a) Explain the concept of time-sharing systems.
(b) Write a case study on Linux memory management.

SECTION B

This section is of 24 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 6 marks.

1. (a) Describe the concept of threads and their importance in modern operating systems.
(b) Discuss the evolution of operating systems from batch to multiprogramming systems.

2. (a) Explain CPU scheduling algorithms with examples (FCFS, SJF, etc.).
(b) Describe partitioning techniques in memory management.
OR
(a) What is segmentation in memory management? Explain with a diagram.
(b) Discuss the role of page replacement algorithms in virtual memory.

3. (a) Define deadlock. Explain its necessary conditions.

(b) How does the Banker’s algorithm help in deadlock avoidance?
OR
 (a) Write a detailed note on disk scheduling strategies.
(b) Discuss resource allocation graphs in deadlock detection.

4. (a) Explain the architecture of Linux.

(b) What are shell scripts? Explain their importance with an example.

SECTION C

This section is of 30 marks containing THREE questions. Each question is of 10 marks.

1. (a) Describe in detail the process management features of modern operating systems.
(b) What is the role of interrupts in operating systems? Provide examples of interrupt
handling.

2. (a) Discuss different CPU scheduling algorithms, highlighting their advantages and
disadvantages.
(b) Write a case study on the implementation of memory management in Windows.

3. (a) Explain deadlock prevention, avoidance, and recovery techniques in operating systems.
(b) Write a detailed note on file systems in Linux, covering file access, permissions, and
ownership.
OR
(a) Discuss the salient features of Linux.
(b) Explain the execution of file-related commands in a shell environment with examples.

==================================Thanks==========================================

FYUP B.Sc./B.A./B.Com (ODD SEMESTER) EXAMINATION

Subject: Operating Systems

Maximum Marks: 70
Duration: 2 Hours

Instructions:

• Question paper contains three sections: A, B, and C.

• All sections are compulsory, and the marks assigned are mentioned against each question.

SECTION A

This section is of 16 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 4 marks.

 1. (a) Define operating system and discuss its primary functions.
(b) Explain the concept of direct memory access (DMA).
OR
(a) Describe the difference between multi-tasking and multiprocessing systems.
(b) Write a short note on time-sharing systems.

2. (a) Explain the process of paging in memory management.

(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of virtual memory?

3. (a) Discuss process states with the help of a state transition diagram.
(b) Explain the significance of process control block (PCB).

4. (a) Compare and contrast real-time and batch processing systems.

(b) What are interrupts? Explain their role in instruction execution.
OR
(a) Write a case study on memory hierarchy in modern operating systems.
(b) Discuss the importance of cache memory in system performance.

SECTION B

This section is of 24 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 6 marks.

1. (a) Explain the evolution of operating systems from single-user to multi-user systems.
(b) What is the role of threads in improving process execution?

2. (a) Describe the criteria for CPU scheduling with examples.

(b) Discuss the differences between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling.
OR
(a) Explain the working of shortest job first (SJF) scheduling algorithm.
(b) Discuss the importance of priority scheduling in time-critical applications.

3. (a) Define deadlock and explain its necessary conditions.

(b) How does deadlock avoidance differ from deadlock detection?
OR
(a) Write a detailed note on resource allocation graphs.
(b) Discuss the concept of disk scheduling with examples.

4. (a) Explain the salient features of the Linux operating system.

(b) What is shell programming? Write a sample shell script to create a file and display its
contents.

SECTION C

This section is of 30 marks containing THREE questions. Each question is of 10 marks.

1. (a) Explain the concept of process management, focusing on scheduling and synchronization.
(b) Discuss the advantages and limitations of multithreading in operating systems.
 2. (a) Describe various memory management techniques, including paging, segmentation, and
swapping.
(b) Write a case study on the implementation of virtual memory in Linux.

3. (a) Discuss in detail the techniques for preventing, avoiding, and recovering from deadlocks.
(b) Write a detailed note on the file system architecture of Linux, including ownership and
permissions.
OR
(a) Describe the architecture of Linux in detail.
(b) Discuss the execution of shell commands and their role in system administration.

==============================Thanks==============================================

FYUP B.Sc./B.A./B.Com (ODD SEMESTER) EXAMINATION

Subject: Operating Systems

Maximum Marks: 70
Duration: 2 Hours

Instructions:

• Question paper contains three sections: A, B, and C.

• All sections are compulsory, and the marks assigned are mentioned against each question.

SECTION A

This section is of 16 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 4 marks.

1. (a) What are the primary functions of an operating system?

(b) Differentiate between real-time systems and time-sharing systems.
OR
(a) Explain the concept of cache memory and its importance in a system.
(b) Write a short note on interrupts and their types.

2. (a) Define segmentation. How is it different from paging?

(b) Discuss the advantages of demand paging in modern systems.

3. (a) Describe process states with an example.

(b) What is the role of the process control block (PCB) in process management?

4. (a) Explain the concept of multiprogramming.

(b) What is batch processing? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
OR
 (a) Write a case study on the process management features of Linux.
(b) Compare multi-tasking with multi-threading.

SECTION B

This section is of 24 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 6 marks.

1. (a) Discuss the evolution of operating systems with examples.

(b) Explain the importance of multi-threading in modern operating systems.

2. (a) Describe the working of the round-robin CPU scheduling algorithm with an example.
(b) Compare and contrast preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling.
OR
(a) Explain priority scheduling. How does it handle processes with equal priorities?
(b) What are the challenges of implementing CPU scheduling in real-time systems?

3. (a) Define deadlock. Explain the conditions necessary for deadlock to occur.
(b) How does the Banker’s algorithm help in avoiding deadlocks?
OR
(a) Write a note on deadlock detection and recovery methods.
(b) Discuss the significance of resource allocation graphs in deadlock management.

4. (a) Explain the architecture of Linux.

(b) What is the file system in Linux? Discuss its features with examples.

SECTION C

This section is of 30 marks containing THREE questions. Each question is of 10 marks.

1. (a) Discuss the features and benefits of process management in modern operating systems.
(b) What is the role of interrupts in improving system performance? Provide examples.

2. (a) Describe various memory management techniques, including paging and segmentation.
(b) Write a case study on the implementation of virtual memory in Windows.

3. (a) Discuss in detail the techniques for deadlock prevention, avoidance, and recovery.
(b) Write a comprehensive note on the file system in Linux, focusing on ownership,
permissions, and access control.
OR
(a) Explain the importance of shell programming in Linux.
(b) Discuss the execution and usage of common shell commands with examples.

===========================================Thanks=================================
FYUP B.Sc./B.A./B.Com (ODD SEMESTER) EXAMINATION

Subject: Operating Systems

Maximum Marks: 70
Duration: 2 Hours

Instructions:

• Question paper contains three sections: A, B, and C.

• All sections are compulsory, and the marks assigned are mentioned against each question.

SECTION A

This section is of 16 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 4 marks.

1. (a) Define an operating system and explain its role in managing computer hardware.
(b) What is meant by instruction execution? Explain with an example.
OR
(a) Discuss the concept of time-sharing operating systems.
(b) Explain the role of memory hierarchy in system performance.

2. (a) Explain the concept of virtual memory. How does it enhance system performance?
(b) What is demand paging? Discuss its advantages.

3. (a) Draw and explain the process state transition diagram.

(b) What is a thread? Explain its importance in modern operating systems.

4. (a) Compare batch processing and real-time systems.

(b) Write a short note on multiprogramming.
OR
(a) Explain the process management techniques used in Linux.
(b) Describe the evolution of multiprocessor systems.

SECTION B

This section is of 24 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 6 marks.

1. (a) Discuss the evolution of operating systems, focusing on multiprogramming and

multitasking.
(b) Explain the advantages of thread-based programming in operating systems.

2. (a) What are the different CPU scheduling criteria? Provide examples.
(b) Discuss the working of the shortest remaining time first (SRTF) scheduling algorithm.
OR
(a) Explain round-robin scheduling with an example.
(b) What are the advantages of priority-based scheduling?

3. (a) Define deadlock. Explain the necessary conditions for its occurrence.
(b) Write a detailed note on the Banker’s algorithm.
 OR
(a) Discuss strategies for deadlock detection and resolution.
(b) Explain disk scheduling strategies with examples.

4. (a) What are the salient features of the Linux operating system?
(b) Write a note on shell programming and its significance. Provide an example.

SECTION C

This section is of 30 marks containing THREE questions. Each question is of 10 marks.

1. (a) Discuss the importance of process management and scheduling in operating systems.
(b) Explain how multithreading enhances the performance of modern operating systems.

2. (a) Describe memory management techniques, including paging and segmentation, with
examples.
(b) Discuss the implementation of virtual memory in Linux with a case study.

3. (a) Explain the methods for preventing and avoiding deadlocks in operating systems.
(b) Write a detailed note on the Linux file system, focusing on file permissions and
ownership.
OR
(a) Discuss the architecture of Linux in detail.
(b) Explain the execution and features of common shell commands with examples.

=============================Thanks=========================================

FYUP B.Sc./B.A./B.Com (ODD SEMESTER) EXAMINATION

Subject: Operating Systems

Maximum Marks: 70
Duration: 2 Hours

Instructions:

• Question paper contains three sections: A, B, and C.

• All sections are compulsory, and the marks assigned are mentioned against each question.

SECTION A
This section is of 16 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 4 marks.

1. (a) What is an operating system? Explain its functions.

(b) Differentiate between multitasking and multiprocessing systems.
OR
(a) Define memory hierarchy. Explain its significance.
(b) Discuss the role of cache memory in system performance.

2. (a) Explain paging and its importance in memory management.

(b) What are the differences between segmentation and paging?

3. (a) Draw and explain the process state diagram.

(b) What is a thread? Why is it important in process management?

4. (a) Explain the concept of real-time systems. Provide examples.

(b) What are the key differences between batch processing and time-sharing systems?
OR
(a) Discuss the process management techniques in Linux.
(b) Describe direct memory access (DMA) and its uses.

SECTION B

This section is of 24 marks containing FOUR questions. Each question is of 6 marks.

1. (a) What are the main criteria for CPU scheduling? Explain with examples.
(b) Describe the round-robin scheduling algorithm. Provide an example.

2. (a) Explain the difference between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling.

(b) Discuss the advantages and challenges of implementing priority scheduling.
OR
(a) Explain shortest job next (SJN) scheduling with an example.
(b) How does multilevel queue scheduling work?

3. (a) What is deadlock? Discuss the necessary conditions for deadlock to occur.
(b) Write a note on deadlock avoidance using Banker’s algorithm.
OR
(a) Explain disk scheduling strategies with suitable examples.
(b) Discuss deadlock detection and recovery methods.

4. (a) What are the salient features of the Linux file system?
(b) Write a sample shell script to copy the contents of one file to another.

SECTION C

This section is of 30 marks containing THREE questions. Each question is of 10 marks.

1. (a) Discuss process synchronization techniques used in modern operating systems.

(b) Explain the advantages and limitations of multithreading. Provide examples.
 2. (a) Compare and contrast various memory management techniques such as paging,
segmentation, and swapping.
(b) Write a case study on virtual memory implementation in Windows.

3. (a) Explain in detail the methods for handling deadlocks in operating systems.
(b) Discuss the Linux file system architecture, focusing on file permissions and ownership.
OR
(a) Describe the architecture of Linux with examples.
(b) Explain shell programming and write a script to find the largest number among three
numbers.

================================Thanks===================================

Final Sample Paper for Operating System and Shell Programming(MOST IMPORTANT)

Maximum Marks: 70
Time: 2 Hours

Instructions:

1. The question paper contains three sections: A, B, and C.

2. All sections are compulsory, and the marks assigned to each question are indicated.

Section A

(16 Marks)
This section contains FOUR questions. Each question is of 4 marks.

1. (a) Explain the role of an operating system as a resource manager.

(b) Describe the evolution of operating systems, highlighting time-sharing and
multiprocessing systems.
OR
(a) How does an OS handle interrupts during instruction execution?
(b) Explain memory hierarchy and its importance in system performance.

2. (a) Define a process and explain its various states with the help of a suitable diagram.
(b) What is the difference between process and thread? Explain with examples.

3. (a) Explain the scheduling criteria used for CPU scheduling.

(b) Discuss Round-Robin Scheduling with an example and its advantages over other
algorithms.
 4. (a) Explain the concept of virtual memory and demand paging.
(b) Discuss any one memory management technique in detail.
OR
(a) Describe the importance of partitioning in memory management.
(b) Explain how paging helps in memory management.

Section B

(24 Marks)
This section contains FOUR questions. Each question is of 6 marks.

1. (a) Define Deadlock. Explain its necessary conditions with examples.

(b) Describe the Banker’s Algorithm for deadlock avoidance with a step-by-step example.

2. (a) Compare and contrast deadlock detection and prevention techniques.

(b) Write the combined approach to handling deadlock.
OR
(a) Explain resource allocation graphs and their role in deadlock detection.
(b) Describe the steps involved in deadlock recovery.

3. (a) What are the salient features of Linux as an operating system?

(b) Discuss the architecture of the Linux file system.

4. (a) Explain disk scheduling strategies. Compare FCFS and SCAN algorithms with examples.
(b) Define shell programming. Why is it important in Linux?
OR
(a) Explain the types of shells in Linux with examples.
(b) Discuss file permissions in Linux and how they are managed.

Section C

(30 Marks)
This section contains THREE questions. Each question is of 10 marks.

1. (a) Define waiting time, turnaround time, and response time in CPU scheduling.
(b) An OS uses Round-Robin scheduling with a time quantum of 5ms. Consider 5 processes
with burst times 10ms, 20ms, 15ms, 25ms, and 30ms. Compute the average waiting and
turnaround times.

2. (a) Explain the concept of demand paging and page replacement algorithms.
(b) A system has three frames. Given a reference string: 7, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 2, 3, 0, 3, 2, and
1, compute the number of page faults using the FIFO algorithm.

3. (a) Discuss the role of the shell in Linux and the types of commands it supports.
(b) Write a shell script to check whether a number is prime or not. Explain each line of the
code.
OR
(a) Explain the process of handling files in Linux.
(b) Write a shell script to display the disk usage of all directories in a given