REPORTED SPEECH

 When we report what someone has said, we can give the exact words in DIRECT SPEECH: Direct Speech: My sister studies Italian,’ she said.
Reported Speech: She said that her sister studied Italian.
Susan: “I want to be a celebrity”.

 Alternatively, we can use REPORTED SPEECH or INDIRECT SPEECH:  Demonstratives:

Susan said that she wanted to be a celebrity. Direct Speech: ‘I like these shoes,’ she said.
Reported Speech: She said that she liked those shoes.
 When we change a statement into Reported Speech, we change the tense of the verb so that we put it one step
further into the past:
 TIME and PLACE expressions
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Time expressions:
PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE
Susan: ” I enjoy reading novels”. → She said that she enjoyed reading novels. Direct speech Reported speech
now then, at that moment
PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS
Sue: “We are having a chat” → Sue said that they were having a chat. today that day
tonight that night
BE GOING TO (Present) BE GOING TO (Past) yesterday the day before, the previous day
Pat: “I am going to buy a new car.” → She said she was going to buy a new car.
last week / last month / last year the week/month/year before;
the previous week/month/year
PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
Becky: “You played really well.” → She said that I had played really well. ten minutes ago ten minutes earlier
tomorrow the next day; the following day;
PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT the day after
John: “I have bought you a present”. → He said that he had bought me a present.
next week / month / year the next week / month / year;

WILL WOULD the following week / month / year

Sue: “I will return in a few days”. → She said that she would return in a few days.

Place expressions:
CAN COULD
Mary: “ I can speak French”. → She said she could speak French. Direct speech Reported speech
this that
MAY MIGHT
John: “I may not go to the party”. → He said that he might not go to the party. these those
here there
MUST / HAVE TO HAD TO
Mum: “I must tell you a secret”. → Mum said that she had to tell me a secret.

But: “You mustn’t be late” → Mum said that we mustn’t be late.

SAY and TELL
 Be careful: we don’t change the Past Perfect in Reported Speech:
The reporting verbs SAY and TELL have the same meaning but their use is different.
‘They had already left.’ She said that they had already left.
SAY (+ that) + reported speech:
 It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. If you report something and the situation
hasn’t changed, you do not need to change the verb to the past: The police officer said (that) they had found the robbers.
NOT The police officer told they had found the robbers.
Direct Speech: Peter: “My new job is very interesting”.

Reported Speech: Peter said that his new job is very interesting.  TELL + indirect object (+ that) + reported speech.
(= The situation hasn’t changed. His job is still interesting)
The police officer told me that they had found the robbers.
Other changes in reported speech: NOT The police officer said me they had found the robbers.

 Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives:

Direct Speech: ‘We love pasta,’ Paul and Sue said.

Reported Speech: Paul and Sue said that they loved pasta.
 Reported suggestions
Reported questions
Direct speech: Dad: “Let’s go to the beach”
Form:
If a direct question uses a question word (what, why, who, etc.) we repeat the question word in the reported Structure 1:
question:
Direct question Reported question SUGGESTED + THAT + CLAUSE

“What are you doing?” He asked me what I was doing. Reported Speech: Dad suggested that we go to the beach.
“Who is that boy?” He wondered who that boy was.
Structure 2:
Form:
If a direct question is a “yes/no question”, we use “if” or “whether” in the reported question: SUGGESTED + Gerund (“-ing”)

Direct question Reported question Reported Speech: Dad suggested going to the beach.

“Are you famous?” He asked me if I was famous.

He asked me whether I was famous.
EXERCISE: DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
“Should I sit down?” He wondered if he should sit down. 01. "I can't believe what you're saying," Paul told me.
He wondered whether he should sit down.
02. "What time did you arrive in London?" he asked me.

Reported requests
03. "You must finish the report today," my boss told me.
ASK + SOMEONE + TO + INFINITIVE
ASK + SOMEONE + NOT TO + INFINITIVE 04. Did you enjoy the party last night? Mum asked them.

Direct speech Reported speech 05. "Let's go to the park!" she said.
Dad: Could you open the door, please? Dad asked me to open the door.
06. "Do you mind closing the window, please? It's getting cold" she said to the man.
Open the door, please. He asked me to open the door.
07. "How about renting a canoe?" he said.
Please, don’t smoke. He asked me not to smoke.
08. “Have you enjoyed your meal?” She asked me.

Reported commands 09. "What is her last name?“ he asked

TELL + SOMEONE + TO + INFINITIVE 10. "Please don't walk on the grass, kids."
TELL + SOMEONE + NOT TO + INFINITIVE
11. "Will you help me, please?" Mary asked me.
Direct speech Reported speech

Dad: Turn off the TV. Dad told me to turn off the TV. 12. “Could you bring the book tonight?”

Don’t smoke! He told me not to smoke. 13. “Can you help me with my homework, please?”

14. “Would you mind lending me a pencil?”

Reported offers
15. Mum to her children: “Don’t be late!”
OFFERED + TO + INFINITIVE
16. “Where will you live after graduation?” she asked me.
Direct speech Reported speech
17. “How was the journey?”
Dad: “I’ll help you”. Dad offered to help me.
18. “Is this the road to the station?”

19. “Shall I bring you some tea?” he said.

20. “Shall we meet at the theatre? He said.