Experiment one (1);

Title: Identification of various part of an Air-conditioning system (basic

parts & auxiliary part)
Aim: is to remove heat from the interior of the fridge and maintain a
low temperature.
Objectives: To maintain a consistently low temperature.
Apparatus: Crimpers, metal, hammers, pliers, wrenches and screw
drivers.
Theory: An Air-condition is the controlling of air temperature, its
humidity, its purity, noise free and its flow rate at a certain place to
produce a comfort zone.
COMFORT MEANS TREATMENT OF 5 PROPERTIES OF AIR
1. Dry bulb temperature (d.b.t): cooling or heating
2. RH (%): humidification or de-humidification
3. Air purity: Free from dust & bacteria
4. Ventilation: fresh air to provide the needed oxygen
5. Air movement: homogeneous flow rate and distribution

Fig 1: Diagram of an Air-conditioning system

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BASIC PART:
1. Evaporator: Usually located near the furnace (but could be in a
separate indoor unit), the evaporator has one of the more cyclic,
complex functions that keep your air conditioner going. Inside the
evaporator coils is refrigerant. Through the process of heat
transfer, the refrigerant captures heat from the air and is then
pumped to the condenser coils, where the heat is released. Back
inside, the air (now cooler from the heat being removed)
continues through the AC system.

Fig 2: Diagram illustrating An Evaporator

2. Condenser coil: The condenser coils are where the refrigerant

releases heat outside the home. This component works to cool
down any high-pressure gas and turns it into a liquid, getting it
ready for your air conditioner’s evaporator.

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 Fig 2: Diagram illustrating A Condenser
3. Compressor: If your air conditioner is a car, the compressor would
be the engine. The compressor functions together with refrigerant
to convert low-pressure gas into high-pressure gas. This high-
pressured gas then makes its way out of the compressor and into
the condenser coil.

Fig 3: Diagram illustrating a compressor

4. Expansion valve: Expansion valves are devices used to control the
refrigerant flow in a refrigeration system. They help to facilitate
the change of higher pressure of liquid refrigerant in the
condensing unit to lower pressure gas refrigerant in the
evaporator. The term “low side” is used to indicate the part of the
system that operates under low pressure, in this case the
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 evaporator. The “high side” is used to indicate the part of the
system that operates under high pressure, in this
case the condenser.

Fig 4: Diagram illustrating An Expansion valve

AUXILIARY PART
1. Thermostat: The thermostat helps you regulate how cool you
want your home to be. Depending on the make or model of your
air conditioner, you should be able to set your desired
temperature manually or automatically. You can even upgrade to
a smart thermostat that you can control with your phone!

Fig 5: A diagram illustrating a thermostat

2. Air filter: The air filter is usually found attached to the air handler
unit of the AC. The filter catches dirt, dust, and other small debris
to protect the internal component of the air conditioning and
improve air quality in your home. It’s important to replace your air

4
 filter based on the recommended schedule, as a clogged filter can
add wear and tear to your equipment.

Fig 6: A diagram illustrating a Air Filter

3. Blower: The blower is part of the air handler unit and pushes air
over the evaporator, where the air is cooled. The blower then
sends the cooled air through the ductwork to different areas of
the home.

Fig 7: A diagram illustrating a Blower

4. Heat Exchanger: which transfers heat from one medium to

another, a hydraulic oil cooler, for example, will remove heat from
hot oil by using cold water or air. Alternatively, a swimming pool
heat exchanger uses hot water from a boiler or solar heated water
circuit to heat the pool water.

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 Fig 8: A diagram illustrating a Heat Exchanger

5. Fan: Indoor air across this coil and pushes cooled air into the
duct system to be circulated throughout your home. The fan is
contained in the blower unit and controlled by an electric motor.
The outdoor unit also has a fan that pulls air through the outdoor
coil.

Fig 9: A diagram illustrating a Fan

OBSERVATION: Cooling in traditional air conditioner systems is

accomplished using the vapor-compression cycle, which uses a
refrigerant's forced circulation and phase change between gas and
liquid to transfer heat. The vapor-compression cycle can occur
within a unitary, or packaged piece of equipment; or within a
chiller that is connected to terminal cooling equipment (such as a
fan coil unit in an air handler) on its evaporator side and heat
rejection equipment such as a cooling tower on its condenser
side. An air source heat pump shares many components with an

6
air conditioning system, but includes a reversing valve, which
allows the unit to be used to heat as well as cool a space.

CONCLUSION: While working on the project, we learned many

new things and developed the skills required to conduct research,
practical work, and report writing. As a result of all these
learnings, we became more confident in our field. The project of
manufacturing a mini-refrigerator was very interesting to perform
as we set the objectives which were quite realistic like we wanted
to develop a refrigeration system that could be used to keep
things cool while traveling or doing outdoor activities while
keeping their size small and portable and we achieved this task.

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