EXPERIMENT NO.

NAME OF EXPERIMENT: To identify and get acquainted with basic electronics components and

equipment.

AIM: 1) To identify different components and their values and calculate,

(R1||R2) Series (R3||R4||R5) and (C1||C2) Series C3

2) Find value of β and identify Emitter, Base, Collector of BJT.

3) Generate 𝐴 sin(2𝑝𝑖𝑓𝑡 + ∅0 ). on Function generator and show on DSO.

4) Pass above signal through diode and show the result.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.NO. NAME OF COMPONENT / EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS / RANGE QUANTITY

1 Bread board Solderless 1

2 Connecting Wire 1 mm single wire 10

3 Digital Storage Oscilloscope 20 MHZ 1

4 Function Generator 1 MHZ 1

5 Power Supply 0 – 30 V , 1A 1

6 Digital Multi meter 1

7 Banana Chord 4

8 Integrated Circuit 1

1K 2

51 2

3.9 K 2
9 Resistor (in Ω)
4.7k 2

750 2

6.8K 2

10 Electrolytic and Ceramic Capacitor 0.1 µF 2

100 µF 2

11 Potentiometer 50 K 1

12 Diode 1N4004 1

THEORY:

1)Breadboard -A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. The solderless

breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary

prototypes and experimenting with circuit design.

2)Resistance - Resistor is an electrical component that reduces the electric current.

The resistor's ability to reduce the current is called resistance and is measured in units of ohms

(symbol: Ω).
3)Capacitor -A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive

electronic component with two terminals. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance.

3.1) Ceramic Capacitor: A ceramic capacitor is a fixed-value capacitor where the ceramic

material acts as the dielectric.

3.2) Electrolytic Capacitor: An electrolytic capacitor (occasionally abbreviated e-cap) is a

polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide

layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor.
4)Diode-A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a one-way switch for current. It

allows current to flow easily in one direction, but severely restricts current from flowing in the

opposite direction.

5)Potentiometer-A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that

forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a

variable resistor or rheostat.

electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for

connection to an external circuit.

oscillator, timer, microprocessor, or even computer memory. An IC is a small wafer, usually made of

silicon, that can hold anywhere from hundreds to millions of transistors, resistors, and capacitors.

8)Connecting Wires- These are used to make connection between independent components.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
 PROCEDURE:

1) Check the independent resistance and capacitance value by connecting it on

breadboard and using multi meter.

2) Calculate Theoretical value using resistance series and parallel formulae.

3) Make connection as per circuit diagram and calculate equivalent resistance.

4) Calculate Theoretical value using capacitance series and parallel formulae. Hence

calculate the percentage error.

5) Make connection as per circuit diagram and calculate equivalent capacitance. Hence

calculate the percentage error.

6) Using function generator create a signal of 5Vpp Amplitude ,1000Hz frequency and

30 degree Phase.

7) Connect function generator to DSO and obtain the waveform of signal generated.

8) Connect diode(1N4007) to the output of function generator and obtain the

waveform on the DSO screen.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

TABLE I: Measurement and Identification of components

S.No. Component Value and Unit

1. Electrolytic Capacitor

2. Ceramic Capacitor

3. BJT

3. Resistor
 TABLE II: Percentage Error Calculation between Theoretical & Practical Circuits

S.No. Component Theoretical Practical Percentage Error

(R1||R2) Series
1.
(R3||R4||R5)

(C1||C2) Series C3
2.

WAVEFORMS AND GRAPHS:

From the experiment following waveforms should be extracted from DSO and attached in the

journal. The amplitude, frequency of the wave should be mentioned in every waveform and

proper labelling and title should be mentioned.

(1) 𝐴 sin(2𝑝𝑖𝑓𝑡 + ∅0 ).

(2) Truncated output waveform from the Diode.

CONCLUSION: