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WEEK 8 - PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Programming involves creating detailed instructions using a formal language to solve problems, classified into low-level and high-level languages. Low-level languages, like machine and assembly language, provide direct control over hardware but are difficult to learn, while high-level languages, such as Java and C++, are easier to read and write but may offer less control and performance. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, influencing their use in software development.

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4 views

WEEK 8 - PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Programming involves creating detailed instructions using a formal language to solve problems, classified into low-level and high-level languages. Low-level languages, like machine and assembly language, provide direct control over hardware but are difficult to learn, while high-level languages, such as Java and C++, are easier to read and write but may offer less control and performance. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, influencing their use in software development.

Uploaded by

cahill.dokun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Language

Programming refers to a process that results in the development of a set of detailed


instructions following a pattern of a particular programming language necessary to solve a
problem.

A programming language is a formal constructed language designed to communicate


instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to
create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.

Levels of Languages

Programming language are classified into the following levels

 Low level language


 High level language

1. Low Level languages are programming languages that are closer to the machine code and
hardware architecture of a computer. These languages provide a more direct and fine-
grained control over the computer’s resources, making them suitable for tasks that require
optimization, precision, and interaction with hardware at a low level.
There are mainly two low-level language examples and they are basically the category in
which we divide the low-level language they are
 Machine Language: They include binary Codes.
 Assembly Language: Uses mnemonic codes
Machine Language
Machine language is the lowest-level programming language. It is a binary code consisting of
0s and 1s that the computer can directly execute. The machine language instructions are
specific to the computer’s architecture, and they vary from one computer to another.
ADVANTAGES OF MACHINE LANGUAGE
1. A translator is not necessary for machine language.
2. The CPU directly executes the machine language or low-level instructions.
3. Compared to other goods, those created in machine language are significantly quicker.
4. These machine codes are employed in the creation of advanced computer systems.

DISADVANTAGES OF MACHINE LANGUAGE

1. The main drawback of machine language is how difficult it is to develop, learn, and execute
codes and algorithms.
2. It is pretty time-consuming to fix flaws and mistakes in codes and programs.
3. Only some people can memorize or even write the code.
4. It is platform independent language.

Assembly Language
Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses mnemonic codes to
represent machine language instructions. These mnemonic codes are easier to read and
remember than binary codes. Assembly language is specific to the computer’s architecture,
and it must be translated into machine language before the computer can execute it.

2. High level language: They are highly developed languages and are currently used by
programmers in the world today. It involves the use of English to write programming
instructions.
Types of high level programs
 BASIC
 FORTRAN
 COBOL
 PASCAL
 C – Language (C++)
 JAVA
ADVANTAGES OF HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
1. High-level languages are designed to be easy to read and write.
2. High-level languages are typically designed to be platform-independent, meaning that they
can be run on a variety of different systems without needing to be rewritten.
3. While high-level languages may not be as fast as lower-level languages, they are often
more efficient than their low-level counterparts. This is because they are optimized for
readability and ease of use, which can make them easier to optimize and improve
performance.
4. High-level languages can increase productivity because they allow programmers to write
code more quickly and with fewer errors.

DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE


 Reduced control – High-level languages abstract away many of the low-level details of
programming, which can be helpful for beginners, but may be a disadvantage for experienced
programmers who need greater control over the program’s behavior.
 Overhead – High-level languages often have more overhead than low-level languages,
which can impact performance. This is because the language needs to do more work behind
the scenes to translate the code into machine instructions.
 Limited access to system resources – High-level languages may not provide as direct
access to system resources as lower-level languages, such as memory or hardware. This can
make it harder to optimize performance or access certain features of the computer.
 Learning curve – Although high-level languages are designed to be easier to learn than
low-level languages, they still require time and effort to master. Additionally, each language
has its own unique syntax and features, which can make it challenging to switch between
different languages.

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