Heat

Created by.
1.Anshuman Patel
2.Mayank Tiwari
3.Himanshu kushwaha
Overview of the Presentation

• In this presentation, we'll explore the following topics:

• Introduction to Heat
• Temperature and Heat
• Heat Transfer Methods (Conduction, Convection,
Radiation)
• Specific Heat Capacity
• Effects of Heat (Expansion, Changes in State)
 Introduction of Heat
• Heat is a form of energy that is transferred
between objects or systems due to a temperature
difference. It flows from a region of higher
temperature to a region of lower temperature.
Heat can be measured in units such as joules or
calories.

• Importance of Studying Heat

• Understanding heat and its transfer is crucial because:
• It helps us control and utilize energy efficiently, such as in heating
systems and engines.
• It plays a vital role in various natural processes, including weather
patterns and the water cycle.
• It is essential for everyday activities like cooking, heating homes, and
industrial applications.
• Knowledge of heat transfer principles is fundamental in science and
engineering fields.
 Temperature and Heat

Difference Between Temperature and Heat:

Temperature is a measure of the average

kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It
indicates how hot or cold a substance is.

Heat is the energy that is transferred between

objects or systems due to a temperature
difference. It flows from a region of higher
temperature to a region of lower temperature
 • Tools Used to Measure
• Units of Temperature: Temperature:
• Thermometers: Commonly
• Celsius (°C): Commonly used to measure
used worldwide and in temperature in various
scientific contexts. Water contexts, including clinical,
freezes at 0°C and boils at environmental, and
100°C. industrial.
• Fahrenheit (°F): Primarily • Mercury-in-glass
used in the United States. thermometer: Measures
Water freezes at 32°F and temperature by the
boils at 212°F. expansion of mercury in a
glass tube.
• Kelvin (K): Used in
scientific research. It • Digital thermometer: Uses
starts at absolute zero, electronic sensors to
the theoretical point measure temperature
where particles have accurately and quickly.
minimal kinetic energy. • Infrared thermometer:
Water freezes at 273.15 K Measures temperature from
and boils at 373.15 K. a distance by detecting
infrared radiation emitted
by an object.
 Heat Transfer Methods
Conduction Convection
• Definition: Convection is the
• Definition: Conduction is the transfer of heat through the
process of heat transfer through movement of fluid particles (liquids
direct contact between molecules. or gases). As the fluid heats up, it
It primarily occurs in solids, where becomes less dense and rises, while
particles are closely packed cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating
together and can transfer kinetic a convection current.
energy through vibrations. • Example:
• Example: • Boiling Water: In a pot of boiling
• Touching a Hot Object: When you water, the hot water at the bottom
touch a hot metal object, heat is rises to the top, while the cooler
conducted from the metal to your water at the top sinks to the
hand, making it feel warm. bottom, creating a circular motion
that evenly distributes heat.
 Heat Transfer Methods
• Radiation
Definition: Radiation is the transfer of heat through
electromagnetic waves. It does not require a
medium and can occur in a vacuum.
Example:
•Sunlight: The warmth you feel from the sun is due
to radiation. Heat travels through the vacuum of
space and reaches Earth in the form of
electromagnetic waves.
Specific Heat
Capacity
• Importance in Daily Life:
• Cooking: Knowing the specific heat capacity of different materials helps in
designing efficient cookware. For example, materials with low specific heat
capacities (like metals) heat up quickly and are used in frying pans.
• Climate Control: Understanding the specific heat capacities of materials is
crucial for designing heating and cooling systems in buildings. Materials with
high specific heat capacities (like water) can store and release large amounts
of heat energy, helping to regulate temperature.
• Engineering: Engineers use the concept of specific heat capacity in various
applications, such as designing thermal protection systems for spacecraft to
withstand extreme temperature changes.
• Environment: Large bodies of water, like oceans, have high specific heat
capacities, which help moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing
heat.
 Effects of Heat
• Expansion and Contraction of Substances
• Expansion: When substances are heated, their
particles gain kinetic energy and move more
vigorously. This increase in movement causes the
particles to spread apart, resulting in the expansion
of the substance.
• Example: Metal rails on a railway track expand on
hot days, which is why there are gaps between
the rails to accommodate this expansion.
• Contraction: When substances are cooled, their
particles lose kinetic energy and move less
vigorously. This decrease in movement causes the
particles to come closer together, resulting in the
contraction of the substance.
• Example: A balloon deflates slightly when taken
from a warm room to a cold environment
 Changes in State
(Solid, Liquid, Gas)

•Melting: Solid to liquid (e.g., ice to water)

•Freezing: Liquid to solid (e.g., water to ice)
•Evaporation: Liquid to gas (e.g., water to steam)
•Condensation: Gas to liquid (e.g., steam to
water droplets)
•Sublimation: Solid to gas (e.g., dry ice to carbon
dioxide gas)
•Deposition: Gas to solid (e.g., frost forming
from water vapor)
HEAT