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Ellipses-and-Hyperbolas_for-students

The document provides an overview of ellipses and hyperbolas, including their definitions, properties, and equations. It outlines learning competencies and objectives for students, such as graphing these conic sections and solving related problems. Key concepts include the relationship between the distances to foci and the characteristics of each conic section.

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duyanen.136567130302
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3 views

Ellipses-and-Hyperbolas_for-students

The document provides an overview of ellipses and hyperbolas, including their definitions, properties, and equations. It outlines learning competencies and objectives for students, such as graphing these conic sections and solving related problems. Key concepts include the relationship between the distances to foci and the characteristics of each conic section.

Uploaded by

duyanen.136567130302
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ellipses and

Hyperbolas
Allyn R. Mendez
Mathematics Teacher
Learning Competencies:
▪ define an ellipse (STEM_PC11AG-Ic-1)
▪ determine the standard form of equation of an ellipse (STEM_PC11AG-Ic-2 )
▪ graph an ellipse in a rectangular coordinate system (STEM_PC11AG-Ic-3 )
▪ define a hyperbola (STEM_PC11AG-Id-1 )
▪ determine the standard form of equation of a hyperbola (STEM_PC11AG-Id-2)
▪ graph a hyperbola in a rectangular coordinate system (STEM_PC11AG-Id-3 )

Objectives:
1. define an ellipse;
2. 2. graph an ellipse given an equation in standard form;
3. 3. define a hyperbola;
4. 4. graph a hyperbola given an equation in standard form;
5. 5. recognize the equation and important characteristics of the different
6. types of conic sections; and
7. 6. solves situational problems involving conic sections.
What is an ellipse?

An ellipse is determined by a constant and two fixed


points, each called a focus point. The constant must
be greater than the distance between the two foci.
The ellipse determined by the two foci and the given
constant is the set of points (𝑥,𝑦) in the plane such
that the sum of the distances from (𝑥,𝑦) to the foci is
equal to the constant.
Illustration of an Ellipse and the Terms Related to It
The line through the foci of an ellipse is called its principal
axis. The principal axis may be horizontal or vertical. Two
points on the principal axis are called vertices and the line
segment joining them is called the major axis. The midpoint
of the major axis is called the center of the ellipse. The line
segment through the center, perpendicular to the principal
axis and with endpoints on the ellipse is called the minor axis.
The endpoints of the minor axis are called co-vertices. The
major axis of an ellipse can either be horizontal or vertical.
We use a to denote the distance from the center to a vertex
(half the length of the major axis), b the distance from the
center to a co-vertex (half the length of the minor axis) and
c the focal distance. Take note that 𝑎 > 𝑏, and variables 𝑎, 𝑏
and 𝑐 are related according to the equation
𝑐 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 .From our definition of an ellipse if we let 𝑃 be
a point on the ellipse and 𝐹1 and 𝐹2 the foci, then 𝑃𝐹1 +
𝑃𝐹2 = 2𝑎.
HYPERBOLA
What is a hyperbola?

A hyperbola, like an ellipse, is determined by a constant and


two fixed points, each called a focus point. However, instead
of the sum of two distances being a constant, as with an
ellipse, in the case of the hyperbola, the difference between
two distances is constant.
More specifically, the hyperbola determined by a pair of foci
and a given constant is the set of points (𝑥,𝑦) in the plane
such that the absolute value of the difference between the
distances from (𝑥,𝑦) to the foci is equal to the constant.
Parts of a Hyperbola

The parabola has two branches. The two branches


can open either right or left or up and down,
depending on whether the foci are on the horizontal
or vertical axis. Each branch of the hyperbola has a
vertex, and the center of the hyperbola is the
midpoint of the line segment joining the vertices.
Using the graph, the line through the foci is called the principal
axis. In this lesson, we only consider vertical or horizontal axis.
The two points of the hyperbola that lie on the principal axis are
called the vertices and the segment joining them is called the
transverse axis. The midpoint of the transverse axis is called
the center of the hyperbola. The center is a unit away from a
vertex and c unit away from a focus. The segment
perpendicular to the transverse axis and joining points b units
from the center is called the conjugate axis. The conjugate
axis is 2𝑏 long. The variables 𝑎,𝑏 and 𝑐 are all positive and are
related according to the equation 𝑐 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 . Take note that it
is possible that 𝑎 > 𝑏 𝑜𝑟 𝑎 < 𝑏 that is, the conjugate axis may
be shorter or longer than the transverse axis.
Thank You
and
God bless
you!

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