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Lesson 3

This lesson focuses on understanding the mean and variance of discrete random variables in probability distributions. It includes examples of calculating expected values and variance through various scenarios, such as lottery tickets and games of chance. Additionally, it provides practice problems for students to apply their knowledge of these concepts.

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milkyayy01
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2 views

Lesson 3

This lesson focuses on understanding the mean and variance of discrete random variables in probability distributions. It includes examples of calculating expected values and variance through various scenarios, such as lottery tickets and games of chance. Additionally, it provides practice problems for students to apply their knowledge of these concepts.

Uploaded by

milkyayy01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 3: Problems Involving Mean and Variance of Probability Distribution

Explore

In this lesson, you’ll learn to:

✓ interpret the mean and


the variance of a
discrete random
variable

✓ solve problems involving


mean and variance of
probability distributions

Jacob played a game of chance at the carnival. The game consists


of a box with 20 balls where 8 are red, 5 are white, and the rest
Important
are blue. Terminologies
He is to draw aand from the box. He gets to win ₱10 if
ballConcepts
he is able to draw a white ball, and ₱30 if he is able to draw a red
ball. If a blue ball is drawn, however, he gets to lose ₱42. How
much do you think will Jacob win or lose if he plays the game five
times?

The mean of a discrete random variable can be thought of as “anticipated” value. It is the average that
is expected to be the result when a random experiment is continually repeated. It is the sum of the
possible outcomes of the experiment multiplied by their corresponding probabilities. It is also called
the expected value.

Example 1.

The officers of MNHS Batch 2001 decided to conduct a lottery for the benefit of the less
privileged students of their alma mater. Two hundred tickets will be sold. One ticket will win
₱5,000 prize and the other tickets will win nothing. If Ezekiel will buy one ticket, what will be
his expected gain?

Solution:

1
Probability of winning ₱5,000 200
or 0.005 (gain = ₱5,000)

199
Probability of winning nothing or 0.995 (gain = 0)
200

Statistics & Probability 1


𝒙 𝑷(𝒙) 𝒙𝑷(𝒙)

0 0.995 0

5, 000 0.005 25

𝜮[𝒙𝑷(𝒙)] = 𝟐𝟓

𝐸 (𝑋) = 𝜮[𝒙𝑷(𝒙)]
= 𝟐𝟓

The expected gain is ₱25. 00.

Your turn:

The officers of the Faculty Club are planning to sell 160 tickets to be raffled during the
Christmas party. One ticket will win ₱3,000. The other ticket will win nothing. If you are a
faculty member and you will buy one ticket, what will be the expected value and variance of
your gain?

Example 2.

Jeremiah tosses an unbiased coin. He receives ₱50 if a head appears and he pays ₱30 if a tail
appears. Find the: (a.) expected value and (b.) variance of his gain.

Solution:

1
Probability of getting a head or 0.5 (gain ₱50)
2

1
Probability of getting a tail 2
or 0.5 (loss ₱30)

𝒙 𝑷(𝒙) 𝒙𝑷(𝒙) 𝒙𝟐 𝑷(𝒙)

−30 0. 5 −15 450

50 0. 5 25 1250

𝜮[𝒙𝑷(𝒙)] = 𝟏𝟎 𝜮[𝒙𝟐 𝑷(𝒙)] = 𝟏, 𝟕𝟎𝟎

Statistics & Probability 2


a. 𝐸 (𝑋) = 𝜮[𝒙𝑷(𝒙)] b. δ2 = 𝛴[𝑥 2 𝑃(𝑥)] − (𝛴[𝑥𝑃(𝑥)])2
= 𝟏𝟎 = 1, 700 − (10)2
= 1, 700 − 100
= 𝟏, 𝟔𝟎𝟎

Name: Score: Muntinlupa National High School


Type C, NBP Reservation, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

CN: Section: Date: 50 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


Statistics and Probability
Passing
Subject Teacher: Score:38
Word Problems Involving Expected Value and Variance Worksheet No. 3

1. The officers of Math Club are planning to sell 125 tickets to be raffled the school’s Mathematics Month celebration.
One ticket will win ₱2,000 and the other tickets will win nothing. If you will buy one ticket, what will be your expected
gain?

2. Ken tosses an unbiased coin. He receives ₱100 if a head appears and he pays ₱40 if a tail appears. Find the
expected value and the variance of his gain.

3. Daniel went to the perya and played a game. The rule says that the outcome of the game is a random variable
from 1 to 14 and that if the outcome is even, he wins ₱50. If the outcome is odd, he wins nothing. Assuming that
playing is for free, what is Daniel’s expected gain, if there is any?

I. Solve the following problems. Write your solution and answer on the space provided.

Statistics & Probability 3


4. A lottery will be conducted by the Grade 11 students of MNHS to help a fellow student who needs to undergo
an operation. Out of four hundred tickets to be sold, only one ticket will win ₱2,000 and the rest will win nothing.
If you will buy a ticket, calculate for your expected gain.

5. You play a game with two six-sided dice. If you roll a sum of 3 or 8, you win ₱600. If you roll a sum of 10, you win
₱400. However, you lose ₱500 for anything else. If you continue to play the game, how much do you expect to
win or lose in the game?

Reference:

• Next Century Mathematics: Statistics and Probability


Jesus P. Mercado, et al.

Statistics & Probability 4

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