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Chapter 1- Introduction_115812

The document provides an overview of 3D computer graphics, emphasizing its role as an art form and its applications across various industries such as entertainment, medical visualization, and design. It outlines the 3D graphics pipeline, which includes stages from ideation to rendering, and defines 3D space in terms of coordinates and polygon structures. The content highlights the importance of computer graphics in creating visual communication and interactive experiences.

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3 views

Chapter 1- Introduction_115812

The document provides an overview of 3D computer graphics, emphasizing its role as an art form and its applications across various industries such as entertainment, medical visualization, and design. It outlines the 3D graphics pipeline, which includes stages from ideation to rendering, and defines 3D space in terms of coordinates and polygon structures. The content highlights the importance of computer graphics in creating visual communication and interactive experiences.

Uploaded by

abdulrahman66977
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

ICT504| Computer Graphics & Animation


By Muhammad I Mungadi
Contents
• The 3D Concept
• Industries that involve models
• The 3D Graphics Pipeline
• 3D Space Defined
THE 3D CONCEPT
 "A computer is just a tool- the better you are at your trade
(whether it is art or design) the better the art will be. It is
regardless of medium, whether it is on paper, stone, wood or
computers…” .
 Like any other art disciplines, Computer Graphics is another
form of art where the creative process and ideas are
developed and expressed into visual communication by using
the computer.
THE 3D CONCEPT CONT
• Computer graphics, in general is categorized into three major parts of
use. They are:

1. Image Generation 2. Computer Animation 3. Image Manipulation


THE 3D CONCEPT CONT

More visualization examples


THE 3D CONCEPT CONT
 3D is an abbreviation for 3-dimensional and it means that the object
comes with width, height and depth.
 If you look around the room, everything is in 3 dimensional - the
book, the chair, the table, your cat, everything. They are composed of
width, height and depth.
 How come then the 3d graphics generated on the computer screens
are flat?
• The better definition for 3D graphics should be “Two dimensional
representations of three dimensional objects.”
THE 3D CONCEPT CONT
• Two dimensional refers to the 2 dimensional screen output of these
graphics and 3 dimensional objects here refer to the objects which
exist only in the memory of the computer. They do not exist outside
the computer and have no physical form – they are just a bunch of
codes and numbers.

One of the first 3d


objects – The teapot
THE 3D CONCEPT (CONT.)
• Dataset of the teapot in 3ds Max:

Modelled by Martin Newell, (a computer


scientist)
WHAT INDUSTRIES INVOLVES MODEL?

EMTERTAINMENT
• Animations
• Movies
• Commercials
• Special Effects
Digital Actors

• Final Fantasy – The Spirits Within (SquareSoft, 2001)


• Matrix Reloaded – (ESCEntertainment, 2003)
• Lord of the Rings, Gollum character – (New Line Cinema, 2001-2003)
• Game of Thrones (HBO, 2011- 2019 )
Animated Features

 Finding Nemo
- Pixar Studios, 2003
 Open Season
- Sony Pictures, 2006
 Kungfu Panda
• - DreamWorks, 2008
Computer Games

• Drives today’s interactive graphics technology and graphics hardware


development.
Medical Visualization

 Computer graphics is a tool in medical applications rather than a mere


artifact. No cheating or tricks allowed.
 The range of application spans from tools for teaching and diagnosis,
all the way to treatment.
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
Design and engineering process
• Used for modeling complex geometries, conceptualizing ideas and analyzing
systems in:
• Mechanical design
• Electrical design
• Architectural design
• Product design
IMAGE PROCESSING
 Modification or interpretation of existing images.
 E.g. Improve picture quality, analyze images, or recognize visual
patterns for robotics application.
 Also used extensively in medical applications.
VIRTUAL & AUGMENTED REALITY
 Creation of virtual-reality environments in which user can interact
with the objects in a 3-D scene.
 Specialized hardware devices provide 3-D viewing effects and allow
the user to “pick up” objects in the scene.
COMPUTER ART
• Both fine art and commercial art make use of computer graphics
methods.

Artificial Evolution for Steven Parente


Computer Graphics
Karl Sims, SIGGRAPH ’91
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES
 Computer graphics is an integral part of everyday computing.
 Uses graphics in
 order to present
 output to users.
THE 3D GRAPHICS PIPELINE
 The 3D graphics pipeline includes all the various steps that go into
making a 3D object.
 It does not matter if the output is a still image or an animation; it is a
series of coherent processes which results to the final polished
product.
THE 3D GRAPHICS PIPELINE (CONT.)
In 3D modelling, the typical pipeline is as follows:

1 – Every great piece of work begins with an IDEA


2 – Good ideas are documented – SKETCHES
3 – Modelling
4 – Material mapping and shading
5 – Lighting
6 – Rendering

In animation production, there will be an additional step after step 4,


called Character set-up (skeleton) and animating – a step required for both
posing and animation.
The 3D Graphics Pipeline (cont.)
• The figures below show the 3d pipeline in its entirety.

Ideation Sketches Modelling

PRE-PRODUCTION PRODUCTION
THE 3D GRAPHICS PIPELINE (CONT.)

Material mapping and shading Lighting Rendering

POST PRODUCTION
3D SPACE DEFINED
• A 3D space is like a cube of cyberspace. It is vast and possible to easily
get disoriented or lose an object in it.
• How do you find anything in a 3D space?
The method is, coordinates system.

See next slide for


illustration!
3D Space Defined (cont.)
• The smallest area in a 3D space is called a point.
Every point in 3D space is defined by a set of three
coordinates. The very centre of this “cyberspace” is
the origin point, assigned as (0, 0, 0).

Why are the coordinates in three sets


of numbers?
They are related to the three dimensions of width, height and depth.
3D SPACE DEFINED (CONT.)
Three-sided polygons – the basis of objects creation in 3D space
• This three-sided polygon is the basis of objects creation in the 3D
environment.
3D Space Defined (cont.)
 Although three-sided polygons are among the most common types of
polygon in 3D graphics, they are not the only type. There are also quads
(four-sided polygons) and many more, as there is no theoretical limit to the
number of sides a polygon can have. Different 3D programs will engage
different polygon types.
 From just a simple polygon, many objects can be constructed in 3D – from
basic to complex objects. It ranges from a few to hundreds or thousands of
polygons where our computers will store. Although these simple polygons
don’t look like much but when combined, they can form complex objects.
All of what you see today in computer graphics and 3d
modelling/animation begins from this simple notion of polygon structure.
Amazing is it not?
3D Space Defined (cont.)

3-sided polygon 4-sided polygon n–sided polygon

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