NCERT Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 Notes Physical World -

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Effective study material, particularly short notes, is critical in exam preparation because it allows for
quick revision during class tests, exams, assignments, or question-solving sessions. Recognising this,
Careers360 experts have carefully created NCERT Class 11th Physics Notes Chapter-wise. These
notes are useful not only for board or state exams but also for competitive exams such as NEET and
JEE Mains.

This page contains well-organized and expertly written Physical World class 11 notes. These revision
CBSE notes, based on the latest NCERT Syllabus, provide a planned and systematic approach to
revision. Class 11 physics chapter 1 notes are designed in such a way that students can quickly
review key concepts. Furthermore, the Physical World notes class 11 are available in PDF format,
allowing students to download and use them without the need for an internet connection. This
accessibility ensures that students can review the material at any time and from any location,
enhancing their exam preparation.

Also, students can refer,

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 Physical World

• NCERT Exemplar for Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 Physical World

NCERT Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 Notes -Quick Revision Notes

Science

Science is a methodical and systematic pursuit that seeks to understand our surroundings through
careful observations, experiments, and verifications.

The scientific method consists of a series of interconnected steps, which include:

• Observations in a Systematic Approach: Scientists begin by collecting systematic and detailed data
on natural phenomena. These observations lay the groundwork for further investigation.
• Reasoning: Scientists engage in reasoning after making observations, drawing logical connections
between observed facts. This step aids in the development of hypotheses or potential
explanations for observed phenomena.
• Simulation in Mathematics: Mathematical simulations are used in many scientific disciplines,
particularly those involving quantifiable data. This could include employing mathematical models
to represent and comprehend observed phenomena.
• Theoretical Forecast: Scientists make theoretical predictions based on reasoning and
mathematical simulations. These forecasts are frequently incorrect.

Physics

Physics is an amazing science that teaches us about how things work in the real world. It's like
reading the universe's rulebook. Mechanics (how things move), electromagnetism (how electricity
and magnets work), thermodynamics (how heat and energy flow), and modern physics are all
branches of physics.

From 1600 to 1900, people developed three major ideas in physics, which they called Classical
Physics. They investigated how things move (classical mechanics), how heat works (thermodynamics),
and how electricity and magnets interact (electromagnetism).

However, as smart scientists continued to learn, they realised that these traditional ideas couldn't
explain everything. So, around 1905, they came up with some new and interesting ideas in what is
now known as Modern Physics. This brought us things like Special Relativity (which talks about super-
fast things) and Quantum Mechanics (which explores the tiniest building blocks of nature).

Physics' Scope and Excitement

Physics explores a wide range of phenomena, which can be neatly divided into two major domains:
macroscopic and microscopic.

Macroscopic Domain: This domain includes phenomena observed at larger scales, such as galaxies
and the universe, as well as those observed in laboratories, on Earth, and even on astronomical
scales.

Microscopic Domain: The microscopic domain, on the other hand, focuses on the smallest scales,
delving into atomic, molecular, and nuclear phenomena.

Also, Mesoscopic Physics, a newly recognised third domain, has emerged. This domain operates in
the middle, dealing with hundreds of atom groups.

Physics has an incredibly wide and exciting scope. It encompasses objects ranging in size from the

vastness of the Universe (measured in astronomical units (10 25 metres) to the incredibly minute size
of a nucleus (as small as 10-14 metres). This range of scales demonstrates physics' versatility in
exploring and comprehending the world around us.

Relationships Between Physics and Other Sciences

Physics in Relation to Chemistry: Physics is critical in explaining chemistry phenomena such as

chemical bonding, atomic numbers, and complex structures. These aspects are frequently
understood by applying physics principles such as electrostatic forces. Furthermore, physics-guided
techniques such as X-ray diffraction help to unravel the complexities of chemical structures.

Physics in Relation to Biological Sciences: Physics' inventions prove invaluable in the field of biology.
Optical microscopes, which were developed using physics principles, aid in the study of biological
samples. Electron microscopes allow for a more in-depth examination of biological cells. X-rays, for
example, are used extensively in biological sciences, and radioisotopes, another physics product, are
used in cancer research and treatment.

Physics in Relation to Astronomy: Physics is closely related to astronomy, which uses giant
telescopes developed in the field to observe planets. The use of radio telescopes, a physics
innovation, extends astronomers' observational capabilities to the far reaches of the universe.

Physics Related to Other Sciences: Physics provides a foundation for understanding a variety of
phenomena in other sciences. Biophysics, oceanography, seismology, and other interdisciplinary
fields benefit from using physical laws to investigate and explain various natural processes.

Fundamental Forces in Nature

There are many forces in the world, some of which we see in our daily lives and others which are far
too small to notice. All of these forces, however, can be traced back to a set of super basic forces
known as Fundamental Forces.

Gravitational Force:

• It is caused by the mass of two bodies. The stronger the gravitational pull between the bodies, the
greater their mass.
• Gravity is always attractive. It attracts objects, causing them to collide, planets to orbit, and
galaxies to form.
• Gravity operates throughout the universe. It works in all objects, from the smallest particles to the
most massive galaxies.
• One of its most notable characteristics is its infinite range. Gravity never gives up; it stretches
indefinitely across space.
• Despite its pervasiveness, gravity is regarded as a weak force in comparison to other fundamental

forces. It is approximately 1038 times weaker than the strong nuclear force that exists within
atomic nuclei.

Electromagnetic Force:

• It is caused by stationary or moving electrical charges.

• It could be attractive or repulsive.
• It operates on charged particles;

• It has an infinite range, and It is 1036 times stronger than gravitational force but 10-2 times
stronger than strong nuclear force.

Strong nuclear force:

• Interact with Nucleons

• It could be attractive or repulsive.

• It has a very short range, within nuclear size (10 -15 m).
• It is nature's most powerful force.

Weak Nuclear force:

• Operate within nucleons, which are elementary particles such as electrons and neutrinos.
• It appears itself during radioactive b decay.

• It has a very short range of 10-15 m.

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• 10 times more powerful than the Strong nuclear force.

Conserved Quantities:

Conserved quantities are the superheroes of stability in physics. These are the things that remain
constant no matter what happens around them.

Let's take a look at a few of them:

1. Total Mechanical Energy: you have a moving object. It can move faster or slower, but its total mechanical

energy (the sum of its kinetic and potential energy) remains constant. It's akin to saying, "Hey, no matter how

you're moving or where you are, the total energy you've got is always gonna be the same.

2. Linear Momentum and Angular Momentum: If you have a lot of things moving or spinning, their total linear

momentum (for straight-line motion) and total angular momentum (for spinning or rotating) will remain

constant. It's as if they've made a promise to stay as spinny or quick as they were before.
Conservation Laws:

In physics, a conservation law is a fundamental principle that states that a specific quantity remains
constant during physical processes. These laws are the result of extensive observations and
experiments, and they have been validated using various scientific methods. Conservation laws are
well-established and fundamental to our understanding of physical system behaviour.

Law of Conservation of Energy: An isolated system's total energy remains constant over time.
Although energy can change forms and transform from one type to another, the total amount of
energy in the system remains constant.

This law is universal in its application, encompassing all physical processes and phenomena. The
total energy within a closed system obeys this law, from celestial bodies to microscopic particles.

The Law of Mass Conservation: The Law of Mass Conservation is a fundamental principle in physics
and chemistry that states that the total mass of the system remains constant during any chemical or
physical process. Mass can change shape or location, but the total mass before and after the process
remains constant.

This law is frequently referred to as the conservation of matter, emphasising that matter is neither
created nor destroyed. Instead, it goes through transformations like chemical reactions or physical
changes while maintaining a constant total mass.

The Law of Mass Conservation applies in chemical reactions where substances combine or break
apart. The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products, demonstrating matter
conservation.

Law of conservation of linear momentum: The Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum is a

fundamental principle in physics that states that if no external forces act on an isolated system, its
total linear momentum remains constant.

Linear momentum is the product of an object's mass and its velocity. It is a vector quantity, meaning
it has both magnitude and direction.

Law of conservation of angular momentum: The Law of Conservation of Angular Momentum is a

basic physics principle that states that If no external torques act on a system, its total angular
momentum remains constant.

Laws of Physics related to technology

Physics Principle Technology Application

 Principle of Physics Technology Broad application in technology

Electromagnetic Induction Electricity Generation

Laws of Thermodynamics Steam, Petrol, or Diesel Engine

Electromagnetic Waves Propagation Radio, TV, Phones

Nuclear Chain Reaction Nuclear Reactor for Power

Newton's Second & Third Law Rocket Propulsion

Bernoulli’s Theorem Airplanes

Population Inversion Lasers

X-rays Medical Diagnosis

Ultra High Magnetic Fields Superconductors

Digital Electronics Computers and Calculators

Significance of NCERT Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 Notes

• Aligned with Curriculum: NCERT notes are designed to align with the prescribed curriculum,
ensuring that students cover all of the important topics and concepts outlined in the CBSE Physics
Syllabus in Class 11.
• Clarity and Simplicity: These Physical World class 11 notes are written in clear and simple
language to help students understand complex physics concepts.
• Comprehensive Coverage: The Physical World Notes class 11 covers the entire chapter,
summarising key points, formulas, and principles. This provides students with a unified view of the
entire content.
• Facilitates Revision: CBSE class 11 physics ch 1 notes are useful revision tools. Students can use
these notes to quickly review key concepts prior to exams, ensuring a better understanding of the
material.
• PDF Resource: Students can easily access ch 1 physics class 11 notes because they are available
for free. They can be used in both physical and digital formats, allowing for greater study flexibility.
• Competitive Exams: This NCERT Class 11 Physics chapter 1 notes can also be used to prepare for
competitive exams like VITEEE, BITSAT, JEE Main, NEET, and others by covering the core concepts
of the CBSE Physics Syllabus in Class 11.
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Subject Wise NCERT Exemplar Solutions

• NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Solutions

• NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Maths
• NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Physics
• NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry
• NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Biology

Subject Wise NCERT Solutions

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Mathematics

• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics
• NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology

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Frequently Asked Question (FAQs) - NCERT Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 Notes

Physical World - Download PDF

Question: Is CBSE class 11 physics ch 1 notes useful for JEE?

Answer:

Yes, CBSE Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 notes provide a foundational understanding that is useful for
JEE preparation, but supplementary study materials and focused practice are also recommended for
comprehensive exam readiness.

Question: What do you understand with the term Physics?

Answer:

Physics is a fundamental science that aims to comprehend natural processes that occur in our
universe.

Question: What is Weak Nuclear Force as per CBSE Class 11 Physics chapter 1 notes?

Answer:

The weak nuclear force, discussed in CBSE Class 11 Physics Chapter 1 notes, is a fundamental force
responsible for certain types of radioactive decay processes in atomic nuclei, mediated by W and Z
bosons.

Question: How crucial is the chapter for the CBSE board exam, and how might these Class 11
Physical World notes help?

Answer:
From the notes for Class 11 Physics chapter 1, students should expect 4 to 6 mark questions, and
they can use this note for quick revision to assist them to improve their grades.

Question: What do you mean by Gravitational Force?

Answer:

Gravitational force is the universal attraction between masses, described by Newton's law of
universal gravitation.

Question: Are all of the important derivations addressed in the chapter 1 notes for Class 11.
Physics?

Answer:

No, the NCERT notes for Class 11 Physics chapter 1 do not include all of the important derivations.
This NCERT note summarizes the chapter's important points and equations and can be used to
review the Physical World.