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Exp.1&2 EC Lab

The document outlines two experiments: the synthesis of urea formaldehyde resin and the determination of specific gravity and density of solid polymer. The first experiment involves a condensation reaction between urea and formaldehyde, while the second utilizes Archimedes' principle to measure the specific gravity of a polymer specimen. Each experiment includes objectives, principles, reagents, apparatus, procedures, and observation tables for recording results.

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7 views

Exp.1&2 EC Lab

The document outlines two experiments: the synthesis of urea formaldehyde resin and the determination of specific gravity and density of solid polymer. The first experiment involves a condensation reaction between urea and formaldehyde, while the second utilizes Archimedes' principle to measure the specific gravity of a polymer specimen. Each experiment includes objectives, principles, reagents, apparatus, procedures, and observation tables for recording results.

Uploaded by

fevehi7390
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AY 2023 – 2024 (V1)

Date: ___________

EXPERIMENT 1:
Objective: Synthesis of urea formaldehyde resin.

Principle: Amino resins are obtained by condensation reaction of urea with


formaldehyde. Such resins find uses in packaging, water tumblers, unbreakable
dishes, buttons etc. They are also used in paper industry to improve the strength
of paper.

Urea formaldehyde resin is formed by a condensation reaction. Urea and


formaldehyde are mixed to form the precursor molecule and concentrated 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4
is added to remove water and grow a three-dimensional network structure. The
reaction is as follows:

Reagents: Formaldehyde (40%), Urea, conc. 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4, distilled water.

Apparatus: 100 ml beaker, measuring cylinder, glass rod, watch glass, funnel, filter paper

Procedure:

1. Take 2 gm of urea in a 100 ml beaker and add 5 ml of 40% formaldehyde


solution init with constant stirring.

1
AY 2023 – 2024 (V1)
Date: ___________

2. Add 2/3 drops of conc. 𝐻2𝑆𝑂4 to the reaction mixture with constant stirring.
3. White voluminous mass appears in the beaker.
4. When the reaction is complete, wash the residue with distilled water, and filter it.
5. Dry the product in between folds of filter paper and put in a hot air oven.
6. Calculate the yield of the resin formed.

Observations:

• Weight of empty watch glass = 𝑊1 = 𝑔

• Weight of watch glass with product = 𝑊2 = 𝑔

• Weight of the product = (𝑊2 − 𝑊1) = 𝑔

2
AY 2023 – 2024 (V1)
Date: ___________

EXPERIMENT 2:
Objective: To determine specific gravity and density of solid polymer in accordance with
ASTM D792.
Principle:
Specific gravity and density determinations are performed by “Archimedes principle”. This
principle states that every solid body when immersed in a fluid apparently loses weight by
an amount equal to the fluid it displaces.

A specimen of solid polymer is weighed in air. It is then immersed in a liquid of known


density and its loss in weight upon immersed is determined. And its specific gravity is
calculated.

Multiply the specific gravity of the sample to the density of the liquid used, to give density
of the sample being tested.

The specific gravity or density of polymer is a property that can be measures conveniently
to identify a material, to follow physical changes in a sample, to indicate degree of
uniformity among different sampling units or to indicate the average density of a large
item.

Apparatus:

1. Analytical balance: A balance with a precision within 0.1 mg and equipped with a
stationary support for the immersion vessel above the balance pan.

2. Holder/sinker: Two numbers of holders for both floating and nonfloating solids. This
shall be corrosion resistant.

3. Immersion vessel: a glass beaker may be used for holding water.

4. Thermometer: A thermometer with an accuracy of ± 10C is required.

Procedure:
1. Switch on the Analytical (electronics) balance and do all the settings.
2. Weigh the polymer specimen in air and note down the reading as ‘ W1’.
3. Mount the immersion vessel on the support.
4. Take air-free distilled or demineralized water in a beaker and keep it on the support.
5. Immerse the polymer specimen in water using a holder.

3
AY 2023 – 2024 (V1)
Date: ___________

6. Record the weight in water of the polymer specimen as ‘W2’.


7. Repeat the procedure for two more times.

Observations and calculations:

Sl. Material Temp. of Weight ofsample in Weight ofsample in


No.
water(g/cc) air (g) water (g)
1

W1
1. Specific gravity = --------------
(W1- W2)

2. Density (g/cc) = Specific gravity X Q0


Where,
W1 – weight of the solid in air; g
W2- weight of the solid in water, g
Q0 – density of water at the given temperature, g/cc

Result:

The Specific gravity and density of given polymer specimen is ___________.

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