KNOWING

ONESELF
CATHERINE C. LOPEZ
Subject Teacher
 Learning Objectives
1.1 explain that knowing oneself can make a person
accept his/her strengths and limitations and dealing
with
others better
1.2 share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and
experiences
1.3 maintain a journal
 —WHAT IS SELF?
According to Oxford English Dictionary, self
is a person's essential being that
distinguishes them from others, especially
considered as the object of introspection or
reflexive action.
Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious
thoughts and feeling.
 —The Self (Stevens, 1996)
The self, is contemporary literature and
even common sense, is commonly defined
by the following characteristics: “separate,
self-contained, independent, consistent,
unitary, and private”.
Self being “separate”, it means it is distinct,
different and unique from others.

“Self-contained”, we describe its existence

as having its own independence. It may
exist with or without others; it is self-
containing of its own thoughts,
characteristics, and volition.
Nevertheless, although it is relatively easy
to make another “self” in this age of social
media and advance technology, the “self” is
very much consistent and persisting.
Lastly, the self is “private”. A person may
sort out information, feelings and
emotions, and thought processes within
the self.

This suggests that the self is isolated from

external world. It lives within its own world.
 IDEAL SELF ACTUAL SELF

-pertains to the image -is your present self

or aspirations of what that you see on the
you want to become. daily basis.
“Self-Concept”, this is a collection of beliefs
about one’s basic nature, unique qualities,
and typical behaviour.
Although we may have so many dimensions
in which we describe ourselves such as “I’m
grateful” or “I’m friendly” we have separate
concepts of our physical, social, emotional
and intellectual selves; yet we are still
referring to one single entity that is unique
and very distinct from others (Don
Hamachek, 1992)
4. How realistic is your self-image, and what
evidence supports it?
5. What strengths and weaknesses do you see in
yourself?
6. What aspects of your self-concept would you
like to improve or change, and why?
—SEVERAL FACTORS THAT
SHAPE SELF-CONCEPT
 —1. Your Own Observations

In the process of self-introspections, that

may help you re-evaluate your motivations
and, in real-time, observing what you do at
this moment is one of the significant
information about your interest or dislike.
Social Comparison Theory
-people need to compare themselves with
others in order to gain insight into their
own behaviour.
For example, a music student might compare herself to the star
student of the class. If she finds that her abilities do not measure
up to her peer's talents, she might be driven to achieve more and
improve her abilities.
 —2. Feedback from Others
Positive and negative criticisms also create
an impact on self-concept. People talk
about us or how they discriminate us give
an important aspect in shaping the self-
concept. The amount of criticism, feedback
we sometimes freely give, helps shape the
current self-concept of what we choose to
be or not.
 —2. Feedback from Others
Positive and negative criticisms also create
an impact on self-concept. People talk
about us or how they discriminate us give
an important aspect in shaping the self-
concept. The amount of criticism, feedback
we sometimes freely give, helps shape the
current self-concept of what we choose to
be or not.
“Kung ano ang puno ay
siyang bunga”
 —3. Cultural Values
In this age of technology, and social media
we accept our differences, especially on
how we accept the culture and beliefs of
others.
Cite an example of how
personal development
happens in real life.
—HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
AND PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Motor and sensory skills - Sensory and motor development is the gradual process
by which a child gains use and coordination of the large muscles of the legs, trunk,
and arms, and the smaller muscles of the hands. A baby begins to experience new
awareness through sight, touch, taste, smell, and hearing.
Jean Piaget’s 4 Stages of Cognitive Development
 Jean Piaget’s 4 Stages of Cognitive Development

4 Stages of Cognitive Development:

Sensorimotor Stage – Sensory perception evaluates the

ability to respond meaningfully to pressure-related discomfort.

Preoperational Stage – playing & pretending, language

development

Concrete Operational Stage – awareness of external events,

respect other's opinion

Formal Operational Stage – ability to think abstractly and

reflectively
 ASSIGNMENT
Discuss the 7th and 8th stages of Erikson's
Psychosocial Development and include
examples.

The assignment is due tomorrow, January

14, 2025.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust – As infants we ask our self if we can trust the world and we wonder if it is safe.
We learn that when we can trust someone now, we can trust them in the future. If we experience
fear, we develop trust and mistrust. The key to our development is our mother.
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt – We experience our self and discover our body. We ask is it okay to
be me? If we allow to discover our self, we develop self confidence, if we are not, then we can
develop shame and doubt. Both parents now play a major role.
3. Initiative vs. Guilt – In preschool, we take initiative, try out new things, and learn basic principles
like how round things roll. We ask if it is okay for me to do what I do? If we encouraged, we could
follow our interests. If we are held back or told that what we do is silly, we can develop guilt. We are
now learning from the entire family.
4. Industry vs. Inferiority – Now we discover our own interest and realize that we are different from
others. We want to show that we can do things right. We ask if we can make it in this world? If we
receive recognition from our teachers or peers, we become industrious, which is another word for
hardworking. If we got too much negative feedback, we start to feel inferior and lose motivation. Our
neighbors and schools now influence us the most.
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion – during adolescents we learn that we have different social roles. We are
friends, students, children and citizens. Many experience an identity crises. If our parents now allow us to go
out and explore, we can find identify. If they push us to conform to their views, we can face role confusion
and feel lost. Key to our learning are our peers and role models.
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation – As young adults, we slowly understand who we are, and we start to let go of the
relationships we had built earlier in order to fit in. We ask ourselves if we can love? If we can make a long-
term commitment, we are confident and happy. If we cannot form intimate relationships, we might end up
feeling isolated and lonely. Our friends and partners are now center to our development.
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation – Assignment
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair – Assignment
Cognitive (thinking and intelligence)
Psychological (emotion, attitude, and self-identity)
Social (relationships)
 Is it Personality
Development or Personal
Development?
Personal Development is a process of
striving to be the best that you can be in
order to reach and realize your full
potential. It is a journey of self-discovery,
self-improvement, and self-realization.
-Zorka Hereford
 —PSYCHOLOGY AND
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Psychology, being the study of human
thinking and behavior, serves as a
foundation for personal development.

The two proponents of Humanistic

Psychology were Abraham Maslow and Carl
Rogers.
There are several schools of thought or
theories on personal development that
were developed through the years:
humanistic psychology by its led
proponents Carl Rogers and Abraham
Maslow, and positive psychology espoused
by Martin Seligman and Mihaly
Csikszentmihalyi (1950).