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computer revision

The document covers fundamental concepts in computer science, including binary systems, programming concepts, logic gates, and operating systems. It explains binary systems, high-level programming languages, variables, the difference between compilers and interpreters, and the functions of operating systems. Additionally, it includes practical examples such as truth tables for logic gates and real-world applications of NAND gates.

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Cassandra Pereira
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

computer revision

The document covers fundamental concepts in computer science, including binary systems, programming concepts, logic gates, and operating systems. It explains binary systems, high-level programming languages, variables, the difference between compilers and interpreters, and the functions of operating systems. Additionally, it includes practical examples such as truth tables for logic gates and real-world applications of NAND gates.

Uploaded by

Cassandra Pereira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Binary Systems

1. Name three devices that use binary systems in their operation.


o Answer: Computer, Digital Clock, Calculator
2. Describe what is meant by a binary system.
o Answer: A binary system is a number system that uses only two digits, 0 and
1, to represent all possible numbers.
3. Convert the binary number 101101 into its decimal equivalent.
o Answer: 45
4. Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of using binary systems in computers.
o Answer:
 Advantage: Simplicity in design and operation as digital circuits only
need to distinguish between two states.
 Disadvantage: It can be less efficient for representing large numbers
compared to decimal or hexadecimal systems.

Chapter 5: Programming Concepts

1. Define what is meant by a high-level programming language.


o Answer: A high-level programming language is a programming language that
is user-friendly, often resembling human language or mathematical notation,
and abstracts the details of the computer hardware.
2. Describe the concept of a "variable" in programming.
o Answer: A variable is a storage location identified by a memory address and a
symbolic name (identifier), which contains some known or unknown quantity
of information referred to as a value.
3. Write a simple algorithm in pseudocode to find the largest number in a list of
numbers.
o Answer:

vbnet
Copy code
START
DECLARE Largest AS INTEGER
SET Largest TO List[0]
FOR EACH Number IN List
IF Number > Largest THEN
SET Largest TO Number
END IF
END FOR
OUTPUT Largest
END

4. Explain the difference between a compiler and an interpreter.


o Answer: A compiler translates the entire source code of a program into
machine code before execution, creating an executable file. An interpreter
translates and executes the source code line by line at runtime.

Chapter 8: Logic Gates

1. Draw the truth table for an AND gate.


o Answer:

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Copy code
A | B | Output
0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0
1 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 1

2. Explain how a NOT gate works.


o Answer: A NOT gate inverts the input signal; if the input is 1, the output is 0,
and if the input is 0, the output is 1.
3. Describe a real-world scenario where a NAND gate might be used.
o Answer: NAND gates are used in digital systems for creating memory storage
elements like flip-flops, which are the building blocks of memory cells in
computers.

Chapter 12: Operating Systems

1. List three main functions of an operating system.


o Answer:
 Managing hardware resources
 Providing an interface for users and applications
 Managing files and directories
2. Describe what is meant by "real-time processing."
o Answer: Real-time processing is a type of data processing in which the
processing is done almost instantaneously, as soon as the data is received, and
the response is provided in a very short time frame.
3. Explain the role of interrupts in an operating system.
o Answer: Interrupts are signals sent to the CPU by external devices or software
indicating an event that needs immediate attention, allowing the CPU to pause
its current activities and address the interrupting event before resuming its
previous tasks.

These questions cover a variety of topics and question types mentioned in the provided
document, including name, describe, explain, convert, write algorithms, and draw truth tables
.

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