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The document outlines various geometric postulates and theorems related to triangle congruence, angles, lines, and planes. Key concepts include the SSS, SAS, and ASA congruence postulates, as well as theorems regarding corresponding angles, vertical angles, and the Pythagorean theorem. It also defines fundamental geometric elements such as points, lines, line segments, rays, and planes.

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Brandon James Binas
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3 views

Side

The document outlines various geometric postulates and theorems related to triangle congruence, angles, lines, and planes. Key concepts include the SSS, SAS, and ASA congruence postulates, as well as theorems regarding corresponding angles, vertical angles, and the Pythagorean theorem. It also defines fundamental geometric elements such as points, lines, line segments, rays, and planes.

Uploaded by

Brandon James Binas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Side-Side-Side (SSS) Congruence Postulate:

If the three sides of one triangle are equal in length to


the corresponding three sides of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.

Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Congruence Postulate:


If two triangles have an equal side, an equal angle,
and another equal side in the same order, then the
triangles are congruent.

Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Congruence Postulate:


If two triangles have an equal angle, an equal side,
and another equal angle in the same order, then the
triangles are congruent.

Corresponding Angles Theorem: When a transversal


intersects two parallel lines, the corresponding angles
are congruent. They lie on the same (corresponding)
side of the transversal.
Vertical Angles Theorem: Vertical angles (opposite
angles formed by intersecting lines) are always
congruent.
Linear Pair Theorem: If two angles form a linear pair
(i.e., their non-common sides form a straight line),
their sum is always 180 degrees.
Line Segment:
A line segment is a part of a line that has two
endpoints.
It is like a piece of a line with a definite length.
Imagine it as a segment between two points, such as
the line connecting the endpoints of a ruler.
Rays:
A ray is a portion of a line that has one endpoint and
extends infinitely in one direction.
Think of it as starting from a point and continuing Plane:
indefinitely in a specific direction. A plane is a flat surface that extends infinitely in two
Rays are often used to describe angles in geometry. dimensions (length and width).

Perpendicular Lines: It never ends in any direction.

Perpendicular lines are lines that intersect at a right Three noncollinear points determine a plane.
angle (90 degrees). Alternatively, a line and a point not on the line also
When two lines are perpendicular, they form an “L” define a plane.
shape. The intersection of two distinct planes results in a
Examples include the intersection of the edges of a straight line.
book or the corners of a square.

Point:
A point is a location in space that has no size. It is
often represented by a single capital letter.
Imagine it as an indivisible dot—a precise position
without any width, length, or breadth.
Line:
A line is an endlessly long, straight mark that extends
infinitely in both directions.
It is defined by two collinear points (points that lie on
the same line).
A line segment has a definite beginning and end,
defined by its two endpoints.
Variations of lines include line segments, rays, and
half-lines.
Vertical Angle Theorem:
Theorem: Angles on one side of a straight line always
add up to 180°.
Corollary: Following from the theorem, when two lines
intersect, the angles opposite each other (called
vertical angles) are equal. In other words, if angle a is
opposite angle c, and angle b is opposite angle d,
then a = c and b = d.

Angle at the Center Theorem:


Theorem: An inscribed angle of a° is half of the
central angle (2a°).
Corollary: Keeping the endpoints fixed, the angle a° is
always the same, no matter where it is on the
circumference. This means that angles subtended by
the same arc are equal.
Lemma: In the special case where the central angle
forms a diameter of the circle, the inscribed angle is
always a right angle (90°).

Pythagorean Theorem:
Theorem: If m and n are whole numbers, and:
(a = m^2 - n^2)
(b = 2mn)
(c = m^2 + n^2)
Then:
(a^2 + b^2 = c^2)
Corollary: The values of a, b, and c, as defined above,
form a Pythagorean triple.
Lemma: If (m = 2) and (n = 1), then we get the
Pythagorean triple 3, 4, and 5.

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