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Rev_sol

The document covers various mathematical topics including vector operations, logarithmic equations, derivatives, and optimization problems. It provides detailed calculations for vector magnitudes, angles, projections, work done by forces, and the application of the second derivative test for finding maxima and minima. Additionally, it discusses the motion of a rocket, including its velocity and acceleration over time.

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kamwai248
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2 views

Rev_sol

The document covers various mathematical topics including vector operations, logarithmic equations, derivatives, and optimization problems. It provides detailed calculations for vector magnitudes, angles, projections, work done by forces, and the application of the second derivative test for finding maxima and minima. Additionally, it discusses the motion of a rocket, including its velocity and acceleration over time.

Uploaded by

kamwai248
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH1.

Given two vectors, 𝑎⃑ = 4i + 5j + 9k and 𝑏⃑ = 3i + 4j + 5k.


Determine,
the modulus of 𝑎⃑;

the modulus of a ⃑;

= (4) +(5) +(9)


= √122
= 11.05

the unit vector of 𝑎⃑;


4𝑖 + 5𝑗 + 9𝑘
𝑎=
√122
= (0.362𝑖 + 0.453𝑗 + 0.815𝑘)

𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗.

𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗
= (4i + 5j + 9k). (3i + 4j + 5k.)
=4x3 + 5x4 +9x5
=77
a) Find the angle Ɵ between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗ if 𝑎⃗ = 5𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂
and 𝑏⃗ = 4𝚤̂ + 2𝚥̂.

The angle between a⃗ and 𝑏⃗

𝑎⃗ ∙ 𝑏⃗
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
|𝑎⃗| 𝑏⃗

20 + 6
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
√34√20

𝜃 = 4.3987°

b) Find the unit vector b.

𝑏 = (4𝑖 + 2𝑗)/√(4 + 2 )

= (4𝑖 + 2𝑗)/√20
or = 0.8944 i + 0.447 j

c) Calculate the projection length of vector 𝑎⃗ onto


vector 𝑏⃗ in part (a).

projection length = 𝑎⃗. 𝑏


=(5𝚤 + 3𝚥̂). (4𝚤̂ + 2𝚥̂)/√20
= (20 + 6)/√20

=26/√20
Or = 5.814
d) A model car is moved from (0, 0, 0) to (2, 4, 6) by a
force 𝐹⃗ = 3𝚤̂ + 4𝚥̂ + 5𝑘, determine the work done by
the force on the model car. (Hints: Work Done = 𝐹⃗ x 𝑑⃗)

Work Done: W = F ∙ s
W = 2ı̂ + 4ȷ̂ + 6k ∙ 3ı̂ + 4ȷ̂ + 5k

W = (2 ∙ 3) + (4 ∙ 4) + (6 ∙ 5)

W = 52 J
CH2.
Solve log(x) + log(x + 9) = log(-4) .

(x) (x+9) = -4
𝑥 + 9𝑥 = −4
𝑥 + 9𝑥 + 4 = 0
−9 + √65 −9 − √65
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
2 2

Simplify the expression 5ln √𝑥 + 7ln .

= 5 ln 𝑥 + 7 ln 𝑥

= (2.5) ln 𝑥 + (−14) ln 𝑥

= (−11.5) ln 𝑥

Every $1 invested in a saving scheme gains interest at the rate of


3% per month so the total value of this $1 investment after t
months is $z.

The equation is given by:


𝑧 = 1.08 , 𝑡 ≥ 0

Determine the number of months that will triple the original


investment amount. (i.e. z = $5)

(1.08) = 5
log (1.08) = log 5
t log 1.08 = log 5
log 5
𝑡=
log 1.08
𝑡 = 20.91
CH3.
Given 𝑦 = 8𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 , determine:
𝑑𝑦
a) ;
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 8 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
b) 𝑑 𝑦
= 8 + 12𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Given 𝑦 = ln 𝑧 and 𝑧 = 2𝑥 + 4𝑥, determine:

and ; and

a) 𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑧 𝑧
𝑑𝑧
= 10 + 4
𝑑𝑥
by using chain rule.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= ×
b)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
= (10 + 4)
𝑑𝑥 𝑧
𝑑𝑦 10 + 4
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥5 + 4𝑥
( )
Given 𝑦 = 𝑒 , determine by using chain rule.
( )
𝑦=𝑒

Let 𝑢 = sin(2𝑥) , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑒 .

= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥), =𝑒

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= × = 𝑒 × [2cos (2𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
( )
= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥)𝑒

Given 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3)𝑒 , determine by using

product rule.

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 5 𝑑
= 𝑒−𝑥 [𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3] + (𝑥5 − 2𝑥 + 3) [𝑒−𝑥 ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= (5𝑥 − 2)𝑒 − (𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 3) 𝑒
= (−𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 5) 𝑒
CH4.
Use the second derivative test to find all the maximum and
minimum points of the function:

𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 5

𝑦 = 21𝑥 − 4

Set 𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 21𝑥 − 4 = 0
4
𝑥 =
21
𝑥 = 0.436 𝑜𝑟 − 0.436

At 𝑥 = 0.436, 𝑦 = 7(0.436) − 4(0.436) + 5 = 3.836


At 𝑥 = −0.436, 𝑦 = 7(−0.436) − 4(−0.436) + 5 = 6.164

∴ stationary points are (0.436, 3.836) and (−0.436, 6.164)

𝑦 = 42𝑥
𝑦 (0.436) = 42(0.436) = 18.312 > 0 (min)
𝑦 (−0.436) = 42(−0.436) = −18.312 < 0 (max)

∴ minimum point is (0.436, 3.836)


maximum point is (-0.436, 6.164)
A rocket is fired vertically upward from the ground. The total
distance (𝑠) in meter that the rocket travels from the ground after
t seconds is given by 𝑠 = −12𝑡 + 360𝑡
Determine,
the expressions of velocity (v) and acceleration (a) as
functions of time;

𝑑𝑠
𝑣= = −24𝑡 + 360
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 𝑠
𝑎= = −24
𝑑𝑡

the velocity and acceleration when t = 2 s;

𝑣| = −24(2) + 360 = 312𝑚/𝑠


𝑎| = −32

the time when the rocket is at rest (tv=0); and

At rest v =0
𝑣 = −24𝑡 + 360 = 0
𝑡 = 15𝑠

the total distance travel when the rocket is at rest (Sv=0).


𝑠| = −12(15) + 360(15) = 2700𝑚

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