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Lab1_Basic_Opamp

The document outlines the objectives and procedures for an Analog Lab course at IIT Bombay, focusing on various circuit experiments including RC circuits, potential dividers, half-wave rectifiers, and operational amplifiers. It provides detailed instructions for measuring time and frequency responses, probing techniques, and analyzing waveforms using oscilloscopes. Students are expected to document their observations and compare theoretical calculations with practical results.

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4 views

Lab1_Basic_Opamp

The document outlines the objectives and procedures for an Analog Lab course at IIT Bombay, focusing on various circuit experiments including RC circuits, potential dividers, half-wave rectifiers, and operational amplifiers. It provides detailed instructions for measuring time and frequency responses, probing techniques, and analyzing waveforms using oscilloscopes. Students are expected to document their observations and compare theoretical calculations with practical results.

Uploaded by

flagb95
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE 230 - Analog Lab

Wadhwani Electronics Laboratory


Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay

Lab:1

Instructions:
• Write down all your observations in notebook.
• Verify your calculations with your respective TA.

Objectives:
• Familiarization with Lab Equipment’s and basics of probing the circuit.
• Plot the time and frequency responses of the RC circuit.
• Familiarizing with diode-based circuit.
• Familiarizing with Operational Amplifier-based circuit.

1. Time response of the RC circuits


Fig.[ 1] is a simple RC low pass filter. R1 = 1KΩ and C1 = 100nF .
(a) Find the transient response of this RC circuit by applying a square wave (Vin1 ) of 5 Vpp
with a period of 2 milliseconds and 2.5 V DC offset. Determine the time constant (Using
Cursor). Time constant is defined as the time taken by output voltage to rise by 63.2%
of the maximum output voltage. Explain your observations (waveforms).
Note: While measuring using cursor ensure that the part of waveform which is to be
observed/measured is adequately zoomed-in in DSO to get accurate readings.
(b) Determine the bandwidth (in Hz) of the circuit. Bandwidth (in rad/s) is defined as the
reciprocal of the time constant. Compare the calculated and measured bandwidth. what
is the reason behind the difference between theoretical and practical values?
(c) Determine the rise time and the fall time using ’Cursor’ on DSO. Rise(Fall) time is
defined as the time taken for the signal to reach from 10-90% (90-10%) of its peak-to-
peak value (Zoom in and measure). Repeat the same measurements using the ’Measure’
functionality on DSO. Compare the results got from cursor and measure utility.

2. Frequency response of the RC circuits


(a) Determine amplitude-frequency response (magnitude Bode plot) of the Fig.[ 1] RC Net-
work by applying sinusoidal input (1 Vpp ) and measuring V outpp at different input fre-
quencies(start from 5 Hz and take more readings until 3 kHz and go to 1 MHz in a step
of decades). Note-down readings in tabular format in your notebook. Draw a rough
frequency respone plot in your notebook.

1
R1

Vin1
C1

Figure 1: RC Low Pass Filter

(b) Determine the bandwidth of the circuit from amplitude-frequency response. Bandwidth
is the frequency range in which the output of a circuit reaches √12 times the amplitude
of the input signal, often corresponding to a -3 dB reduction in output amplitude.
(c) Compare measured bandwidth with the bandwidth calculated from time domain re-
sponse. Explain your observations.

3. Basics of probing the circuit


Fig.[ 2] is a simple potential divider circuit. Probing the circuit means measuring/acquiring
electrical signals on oscilloscope. Below are the experiments to demonstrate correct way of
probing the circuit
(a) Take Vdd = +15 V, Vss = -15 V from DC Power Supply and all resistors of 10KΩ. Mea-
sure the voltage across R3 resistor using channel 1 of DSO. Compare with the expected
value.
(b) Measure the voltage across the R2 resistor using channel 2 of DSO (without removing
channel-1 connected across R3 resistor). Compare measured results with the expected
result. Explain the cause of error.
(c) To avoid the above cause of the error, which instrument will you use to probe the circuit?
(d) Remove both DSO channels from the circuit and instead of taking VDD and VSS from
dc power supply, apply sinusoidal input of 5 Vpp , 4.7 KHz from AFG across the potential
divider. Measure the voltage waveform across R2. Compare the results with the expected
waveform. Explain your observation.

VDD A B VSS

R1 R2 R3

Figure 2: Potential divider circuit

4. Half wave Rectifier

(a) The half wave rectifier circuit shown in the figure [ 3] with R = 22kΩ and 1N4007 diodes.
Apply a sinusoidal input with 4V pp and frequency 1kHz. Plot Vi and Vo with respect
to time on DSO.

2
(b) Explain the reason behind the reduction in the peak amplitude between the input and
the output voltage.
(c) Now, change the polarity of the diode and Explain your observations. Draw the Vi and
Vo waveform in your notebook.

Figure 3: Half wave rectifier

5. OpAmp based Negative feedback circuits - Non Inverting Amplifier

Figure 4: Non-Inverting amplifier

(a) The inverting amplifier circuit shown in the figure [ 4] with R1 = 1kΩ, R2 = 10kΩ.
Apply a sinusoidal input with a peak of 0.1V and frequency 1kHz. Apply the supply
voltage of ±15V . Plot Vi and Vo with respect to time. Don’t connect RL explicitly, DSO
itself will act as a load while measuring the output.
(b) Now, change the input amplitude from 0.1 V to 2 V and observe the output waveform.
Explain what happens to output voltage after a particular value of input voltage.

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