PRETEST BIOLOGY 2
PRETEST BIOLOGY 2
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Genetic engineering comprises the use of molecular techniques to modify the traits of a target organism. What
is/are the modifications of traits involved in the process?
I. introduction of new traits into an organism
II. enhancement of a present trait by increasing the expression of the desired gene
III. enhancement of a present trait by disrupting the inhibition of the desired genes’ expression.
a. I only b. I and II c. II and III d.I,II,III
2.What is/are the correct arrangement of the first three general outlines of recombinant DNA?
I. cutting or cleavage of DNA by restriction enzymes (REs)
II. ligation of the gene of interest (eg. from animal) with the vector ( cut bacterial plasmid)
III. selection of an appropriate vector or vehicle which would propagate the recombinant DNA
a.I,II,III b.I, III,II c. II, I, III d.III,II,I
4. In gel electrophoresis of DNA, the different bands in the final gel form because the DNA molecules ______.
a. are from different organisms c. have different lengths
b have different genes d. have different nucleotide compositions
5. Which of the following is the process used to transfer plasmid DNA into bacteria where the target cells are pre-
treated first before the procedure to increase the pore sizes of their plasma membranes?
a. Agarose gel electrophoresis c. Electroporation.
b. Biolistics d. Heat Shock Treatment
6. Which of the following chemical is said to make the cells “competent” for accepting the
plasmid DNA?
a.Ca B.CaCl c. CaCl2 d.CoCl2
7. Nowadays, is it possible for a patient with diabetes to purchase human insulin from a pharmacist? What
technology makes this possible?
a. A virus produces the insulin, which is then purified for human use.
b. The human insulin comes from the gene that produces insulin in humans, which has
been joined into a bacterial genome using recombinant DNA technology.
c. The process of building the human insulin gene was done at home.
d. None of the given choices is possible
8. What color is generated when the location of the cloning site within the plasmid is in the middle of a gene like β-
galactosidase or lacZ in the presence of a substrate?
a.blue b. blue-green c.blue-white d. white
9. Which among the four living organism is an extinct arthropod recognized by their distinctive three-lobed, three-
segmented form?
a. amphibian b.dinosaur c. fish d. trilobite
10. What is the kind of plant that produces flowers and bear seeds in fruits?
a. angiosperm b. fungi c.gymnosperm d. lichens
11. What era represents the time during which the majority of macroscopic organisms (algae, fungi, plants and
animals) lived?
a. Archean b. Hadean c. Phanerozoic d. Proterozoic
12. When did modern humans evolve?
a. Tertiary b. Quaternary c. Jurassic d. Cretaceous
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13. What are the mechanisms of Evolution?
a. Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, & Nucleic Acid
b. DNA, RNA, Protein
c. Natural Selection, Gene Flow, Mutations, Recombination, & Genetic Drift
d. Substitution, Insertion, & Deletion
14. When millipedes are threatened, they excrete a foul-tasting (mal sabor)
chemical known as cyanide. Why is this adaptation important for the
millipede?
a. Millipedes do not want to survive and reproduce.
b. Millipedes want to attract a mate.
c. They are not able to reproduce.
d. They are not attacked by most predators and are able to reproduce successfully.
15.Gene flow is the exchange of genes between two populations. Over time, what will happen to the future
offspring?
a. The future offspring will die.
b. The future offspring will leave.
c. The future offspring will have greater genetic variety.
d. The future offspring will stay the same.
17. Which of the following statements about biological species is/are correct?
I. Biological species is a group of individuals whose members interbreed with one another.
II. Biological species are the model used for grouping extinct forms of life.
III. Members of biological species produce viable, fertile offspring.
a. I only b. II only c. III only d. II and III
18. The following isolating mechanisms prevent fertilization and formation of zygote EXCEPT
a. Ecological isolation b. Gametic isolation c. Hybrid breakdown d. Temporal isolation
19. Which of the following statements does NOT describe Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
a. Members of a population will compete.
b. Populations tend to reproduce in small numbers.
c. Members of a population have heritable variations.
d. Some members of a population have adaptive traits
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20. Which idea stems from the theory of evolution?
a. A mix of fossils in a region indicates that a local catastrophe occurred.
b. Each organism is specially created.
c. Species are related by common descent.
d. The earth is relatively young.
21. The theory that the frequent use of an organ caused it to be enhanced was developed by
a. Charles Darwin.
b. Carolus Linnaeus.
c. Georges Cuvier.
d. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
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23. The theory that states that characteristics acquired during the lifetime of an individual could be passed on to that
individual’s offspring is termed
a.catastrophism.
b.natural selection.
c.the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
d.uniformitarianism.
24. The view that the extinction and the subsequent appearance of more modern forms could be explained by a
series of disasters and creations is known as
a.catastrophism.
b. natural selection.
b. uniformitarianism.
d. use-disuse theory.
25. What is the branch of biology that deals with the nature of biological phenomena at the molecular level through
the study of DNA and RNA, proteins, and other macromolecules?
a. Enzymology c. Molecular Biology
b. Immunology d. Molecular Cosmology
28. The finches on the Galapagos Island were similar in form except for variations of their beaks. Darwin observed
that these variations were useful for what?
a. attracting mates
b. building nests
c. defending territory
d. gathering food
30. Which of the following refers to the ability of a microorganism to resist the effects of antibiotics?
a. Anatomy c. Fossils
b. Antibiotic Resistance d. Pesticide Resistance
31. Which of the following refers to the study of structures of different organisms that can be used for comparisons to
infer common lineage?
a. Anatomy c. Embryology
b. Biogeography d. Paleontology
32. What do you call body structures performing the same function but with very different embryological
development?
a. Analogous c. homologous
b. Fossilized d. vestigial
33.The most distantly related species in the cladogram which functions as a point of comparison and reference
group.
a. clades b. nodes c. outgroup d. root
35. How were the first modern humans (Homo sapiens) different from any other hominid species?
a. Had large brains. c. Used and controlled fire.
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b.Lived outside of Africa. d. Used tools.
38. DNA evidence suggests that the closest relative to the human is the:
a chimpanzee c. Humans have no animal relatives
b. dolphins d. gorilla
39. What supported the molecular characters that says that the more similar the sequences are in two organisms,
the more closely connected they are?
a. Anatomy b. Botany c. Phylogeny d. Taxonomy
40. Humans and chimpanzees are alike. Which of the following data would most accurately prove this correct?
a. appearance b. biochemistry c. DNA d. development
41.Which system is used in the classification of organisms into groups depending on their structure and
characteristics?
a.Linnaean System of classification
b.Linnaean System of classification
c. Carolus System
d.Claudius Linnaeus system
42. Which of the following does not belong to the 7 levels of the Linnaean classification system?
a.class b.genus c.kingdom d.phylum
43. If two organisms can produce fertile offspring together, they belong to the same_______.
a. animal b.family c. species d. variety
46. Which of the following is not a structure for gas exchange in plants?
a. Aerial root hairs
b. Flowers
c. Lenticels
d. Pneumatophores
47. Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply?
a. The gills of a fish
b. The lungs of a vertebrate
c. The skin of an earthworm
d. The tracheal system of an insect
48. When you hold your breath, which of the following gas changes in the blood first leads the urge to breathe?
a Falling carbon dioxide
b. Falling oxygen
c. Rising carbon dioxide
d. Rising carbon dioxide and falling oxygen
49. Which of the following refers to the process by which a mechanism is activated to restore conditions to their
original state?
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a. dynamic equilibrium
b. homeostasis
c.negative feedback
d. positive feedback
50. After a meal, blood glucose levels increase and stimulate the secretion of which hormone?
a. Pancreatisome
b. Insulin
c. Glycogen
d. Glucagon