1.

The complex numbers z1 = 2 – 2i and z2 = 1 – i 3 are represented by the points A and B

respectively on an Argand diagram. Given that O is the origin,

(a) find AB, giving your answer in the form a b − 3 , where a, b  +

; (3)

(b) calculate AÔB in terms of π. (3)

(Total 6 marks)

2. Given that z = cosθ + i sin θ show that

 1 
(a) Im  z n + n  = 0, n  +
; (2)
 z 

 z −1 
(b) Re   = 0, z ≠ –1. (5)
 z +1
(Total 7 marks)

z+i
3. Consider the complex number ω = , where z = x + iy and i = −1 .
z+2

(a) If ω = i, determine z in the form z = r cis θ. (6)

( x 2 + 2 x + y 2 + y ) + i( x + 2 y + 2)
(b) Prove that ω = . (3)
( x + 2) 2 + y 2

(c) Hence show that when Re(ω) = 1 the points (x, y) lie on a straight line, l1, and write down
its gradient. (4)

π
(d) Given arg (z) = arg(ω) = , find │z│. (6)
4
(Total 19 marks)

4. Find, in its simplest form, the argument of (sin + i (1− cos ))2 where  is an acute angle.
(Total 7 marks)

5. (a) Use de Moivre’s theorem to find the roots of the equation z4 = 1 – i. (6)

(b) Draw these roots on an Argand diagram. (2)

z2
(c) If z1 is the root in the first quadrant and z2 is the root in the second quadrant, find in
z1
the form a + ib. (4)
(Total 12 marks)

6. Solve the simultaneous equations

iz1 + 2z2 = 3
z1 + (1 – i)z2 = 4

giving z1 and z2 in the form x + iy, where x and y are real.

(Total 9 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 1

7. The roots of the equation z2 + 2z + 4 = 0 are denoted by α and β?

(a) Find α and β in the form reiθ. (6)

(b) Given that α lies in the second quadrant of the Argand diagram, mark α and β on an
Argand diagram. (2)

(c) Use the principle of mathematical induction to prove De Moivre’s theorem, which states
that cos nθ + i sin nθ = (cos θ + i sin θ)n for n  +. (8)

3
(d) Using De Moivre’s theorem find in the form a + ib. (4)
2

(e) Using De Moivre’s theorem or otherwise, show that α3 = β3. (3)

(f) Find the exact value of αβ* + βα* where α* is the conjugate of α and β* is the conjugate
of β. (5)

(g) Find the set of values of n for which αn is real. (3)

(Total 31 marks)

8. (a) Write down the expansion of (cos θ + i sin θ)3 in the form a + ib, where a and b are in
terms of sin θ and cos θ. (2)

(b) Hence show that cos 3θ = 4 cos3 θ – 3 cos θ. (3)

(c) Similarly show that cos 5θ = 16 cos5 θ – 20 cos3 θ + 5 cos θ. (3)

 π π
(d) Hence solve the equation cos 5θ + cos 3θ + cos θ = 0, where θ  − ,  . (6)
 2 2

(e) By considering the solutions of the equation cos 5θ = 0, show that

π 5+ 5 7π
cos = and state the value of cos . (8)
10 8 10
(Total 22 marks)

9. (a) Factorize z3 + 1 into a linear and quadratic factor. (2)

1+ i 3
Let γ = .
2

(b) (i) Show that γ is one of the cube roots of –1.

(ii) Show that γ2 = γ – 1.

(iii) Hence find the value of (1 – γ)6. (9)

(Total 11 marks)

 2π   2π 
10. Consider ω = cos  + i sin   .
 3   3 

(a) Show that (i) ω3 = 1; (ii) 1 + ω + ω2 = 0. (5)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 2

  2π   4π 
i +  i + 
(b) (i) Deduce that eiθ + e  3 
+e  3 
= 0.

π
(ii) Illustrate this result for θ = on an Argand diagram. (4)
2

(c) (i) Expand and simplify F(z) = (z – 1)(z – ω)(z – ω2) where z is a complex number.

(ii) Solve F(z) = 7, giving your answers in terms of ω. (7)

(Total 16 marks)

11. (a) Solve the equation z3 = –2 + 2i, giving your answers in modulus–argument form.
(6)

(b) Hence show that one of the solutions is 1 + i when written in Cartesian form.
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

13. Find the values of n such that (1 + 3 i)n is a real number.

(Total 5 marks)

14. (a) Let z = x + iy be any non-zero complex number.

1
(i) Express in the form u + iv.
z

1
(ii) If z + = k, k  , show that either y = 0 or x2 + y2 = 1.
z

(iii) Show that if x2 + y2 = 1 then │k│ ≤ 2.

(8)

(b) Let w = cos θ + i sin θ.

(i) Show that wn + w–n = 2cos nθ, n  .

(ii) Solve the equation 3w2 – w + 2 – w–1 + 3w–2 = 0, giving the roots in the
form x + iy.
(14)
(Total 22 marks)

1 a
(1 − i 3 )
15. Express 3
in the form where a, b .
b
(Total 5 marks)

2 2
16. Let w = cos + i sin .
5 5

(a) Show that w is a root of the equation z5 − 1 = 0.

(3)

(b) Show that (w − 1) (w4 + w3 + w2 + w + 1) = w5 − 1 and deduce that

w4 + w3 + w2 + w + 1 = 0.
(3)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 3

 2 4 1
(c) Hence show that cos + cos =− .
5 5 2
(6)
(Total 12 marks)

17. Find the three cube roots of the complex number 8i. Give your answers in the form x + iy.
(Total 8 marks)

18. (
z1 = 1+ i 3 )m
and z2 = (1 − i )n .

(a) Find the modulus and argument of z1 and z2 in terms of m and n, respectively.
(6)

(b) Hence, find the smallest positive integers m and n such that z1 = z2.
(8)
(Total 14 marks)

19. Consider the polynomial p(x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a, b, c, d  .

Given that 1 + i and 1 – 2i are zeros of p(x), find the values of a, b, c and d.
(Total 7 marks)

20. Given that z1 = 2 and z2 = 1 + i 3 are roots of the cubic equation z3 + bz2 + cz + d = 0
where b, c, d  ,

(a) write down the third root, z3, of the equation;

(1)

(b) find the values of b, c and d;

(4)

(c) write z2 and z3 in the form reiθ.

(3)
(Total 8 marks)

21. (a) Show that the complex number i is a root of the equation

x4 – 5x3 + 7x2 – 5x + 6 = 0.
(2)

(b) Find the other roots of this equation.

(4)
(Total 6 marks)

22. Consider the equation z3 + az2 + bz + c = 0, where a, b, c  . The points in the Argand
diagram representing the three roots of the equation form the vertices of a triangle whose area is
9. Given that one root is –1 + 3i, find

(a) the other two roots;

(4)

(b) a, b and c.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

23. (a) Expand and simplify (x – 1)(x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1).

(2)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 4

 (b) Given that b is a root of the equation z5 –1 = 0 which does not lie on the real axis in the
Argand diagram, show that 1 + b + b2 + b3 + b4 = 0.
(3)

(c) If u = b + b4 and v = b2 + b3 show that

(i) u + v = uv = –1;

(ii) u–v= 5 , given that u – v > 0.

(8)
(Total 13 marks)

IB Questionbank Mathematics Higher Level 3rd edition 5