Literature Review Ic Cep (1)
Literature Review Ic Cep (1)
1
Pakistan Oil Refining Industry, 2020. Pakistan’s Transition to Euro V Fuel Standards. Islamabad: Ministry of
Petroleum
and Natural Resources.
infrastructure and fuel distribution, which remain areas
of concern.2
vi. Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, on the other
hand, continue to rely heavily on high-sulfur fuels.
These regions face significant barriers in terms of refining
technology and financial resources. International
initiatives like the UNEP's Partnership for Clean Fuels
and Vehicles (PCFV) have been instrumental in pushing for
cleaner fuels in these regions.3 Despite these efforts, large
portions of the population in developing nations still
experience the detrimental effects of high-sulfur fuels.
One of the key strategies to mitigate smog and improve air quality is the
transition from low-grade fuels to cleaner alternatives. In urban regions
like Punjab, where the use of diesel and petrol in vehicles and industrial
processes is widespread, replacing these with low-emission fuels or
electricity can significantly reduce smog-forming pollutants.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), for example, produces lower
emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter
compared to traditional fuels. Studies have shown that widespread
adoption of CNG in vehicles can lead to a marked improvement in air
quality.² Moreover, the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is seen as a
key step toward reducing the dependence on fossil fuels and cutting down
vehicular emissions that contribute significantly to smog in regions like
Lahore.³
The exposure to the value of PM2.5 and value PM10 that is from smog is kind of
significantly has increased the respiratory and other cardiovascular diseases.
The programs which are like the Lahore’s Smog Mitigation Plan has aims which
are to regulate the emissions from the existing industries and transportation
facility to bring improvement in the health of public.
Justification:
Electric vehicles (EVs) can significantly reduce noise pollution, improve
urban air quality, and substantially decrease the healthcare costs
associated with pollution-related health issues in cities. The shift to EVs
helps minimize harmful emissions, offering both environmental and public
health benefits.
RP in folder
2 RP in folder
Electric vehicles (EVs) can play a crucial role in cutting greenhouse gas
emissions from the transportation sector, which is one of the primary
contributors to climate change. By transitioning from internal combustion
engines to EVs powered by cleaner energy sources, the transport sector can
significantly lower its carbon footprint. This reduction in emissions not only helps
mitigate global warming but also aligns with international efforts to combat
climate change and achieve sustainable development.
Recommendations
The EV policy for Punjab aims to transform the region’s transport sector to
combat environmental degradation, smog, and harmful vehicular emissions. The
primary objective is to make Punjab a leader in sustainable green transportation
by 2030. The policy seeks to decrease reliance on internal combustion engine
(ICE) vehicles, which are major sources of air pollution and greenhouse gases.
The policy objectives include:
This policy responds to the urgent need for climate action, aligning with global
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and addressing Punjab's specific
challenges.
To encourage both public and private adoption of electric mobility, the policy
emphasizes the need for substantial incentives. High upfront costs and
inadequate infrastructure are key barriers to EV adoption.
Financial Incentives:
Non-Financial Incentives:
o EV owners will benefit from reduced annual vehicle taxes and enjoy
perks such as free parking in urban areas.
A robust and accessible network of charging stations is vital for the widespread
adoption of EVs. The policy aims to address this gap comprehensively.
Public transportation plays a critical role in urban and rural mobility in Punjab.
Electrifying public transport is an efficient strategy to reduce emissions on a
large scale. The policy proposes:
1. Replacing diesel buses with electric buses in phases, starting with major
cities like Lahore, Multan, and Rawalpindi.
Electrifying public transport will reduce transportation costs for the public while
significantly improving air quality in urban areas.
Long-Term (by 2030): Phase out the registration of new ICE vehicles
and reach 50% EV penetration across all vehicle categories.
This timeline allows for a gradual transition, giving industries and citizens time to
adapt.