COMPUTER GRAPHICS & MULTIMEDIA

Chapter Three
Basic of computer graphics

1
OUTLINE
 Basic of Computer Graphics
 Brief History of Computer Graphics

 3D Graphics Techniques and Terminology

 Applications of Computer Graphics

BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
 What is computer graphics?

 Computer graphics is a process of generating,

manipulating, storing and displaying graphics object.
Ex: Such as pictures, charts, graphs, diagrams.
BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
 Thus we can say that computer graphics makes it
possible to express data in pictorial form.
 In computer graphics objects are presented as a

collection of discrete picture elements.

 Picture Element = Pixel = Pel

 The pixel is the smallest screen elements.

 BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
 Graphics should be generated by controlling the pixel.

 The control is achieved by setting the intensity and colour of the

pixel which compose screen.

 The process of determining the appropriate pixels for representing

picture or graphics object is known as “rasterization”.

 The process of representing continuous picture or graphics object

as a collection of discrete pixels is called “scan conversion”.
BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
 What you can do with graphics before displaying it
on screen?
 Graphics allows rotation, translation, scaling and

performing various projections before displaying it.

 It also allows to add effects such as hidden surface

removal, shading and transparency to the picture.
BASIC COMPUTER GRAPHICS
 User can edit (modify content, structure or appearance)
graphics object with using keyboard, mouse or touch
sensitive panel on the screen.

 There is close relationship between input devices and

display devices.

 Graphics Devices = Input Devices + Display Devices

HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
• first computer graphics design system was developed by
Evan Sutherland in 1963 and called Sketchpad
• Ivan Sutherland (1963) - SKETCHPAD
SKETCHPAD(direct manipulation, CAD)
• pop-up menus
• constraint-based drawing
• hierarchical modeling
HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS…
 With the advent of written language, people were able to
combine text and pictures to tell a story.
 This was the first use of graphic design dated as far back as
the time of the Sumarians.
 An artisan would engrave characters and pictures onto a
stone, usually shale or slate.
 The artisan always traveled with the tablet stones
HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
 The Egyptians used paper from the papyrus plant on which
they would write and draw pictures using inks.
 The Chinese developed character stamps or movable
stamps and these were dipped in ink and then pressed onto
paper.
 Both, the Chinese and Egyptians kept their records in scrolls

Paper produced from rice by

the Chinese.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
The Early Process of Producing Books and Print
 During the 1500’s and 1600’s after Gutenberg’s innovation
in typography, a whole process was created using many
different types of trained specialists.
 The artisans that stayed in the industry became designers or
engravers with special training at art academies throughout
Europe.
 The best engravers and designers were educated at art
institutes in Italy and Spain.
 The Industrial Age: high speed printing presses.
 The Post Industrial Age: photographic camera highlighted this
period and designers
 The Digital Age
 COMMON USE OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
 Advantages of computer graphics :
1. High quality graphics displays on PC

2. It provides tools for producing pictures

3. Produce animation using static image with computer graphics

4. Produce 1-D image in 2-D or 3-D using different simulators.

5. Using motion dynamics tool, user can make object stationary and the
viewer moving around them.

6. Using update dynamics, it is possible to change the shape, colour or other

properties of object.
 3D GRAPHICS TECHNIQUES AND TERMINOLOGY
 2D Graphics: Displayed representation of a scene or an
object along two axes of reference: height and width (x
and y).
 3D Graphics: Displayed representation of a scene or an
object that appears to have three axes of reference:
height, width, and depth (x, y, and z).
 3D GRAPHICS TECHNIQUES AND TERMINOLOGY
 The process of 3D graphics can be divided into three-stages:
 tessellation,
 geometry, and
 rendering.
 Tessellation stage, a described model of an object is created, and
the object is then converted to a set of polygons.
 Geometry stage includes transformation, lighting, and setup.

 Rendering stage, which is critical for 3D image quality, creates a

two dimensional display from the polygons created in the
geometry stage.
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS
 Presentation Graphics
 Entertainment

 Graphics User Interface

 Auto CAD
 Computer Art

 Virtual Reality
 Telemedicine

 Image Processing
 Education
 1. PRESENTATION GRAPHICS

 In this application reports are generated on slides or

transparencies.

 Itis normally used to summarize financial, statistical,

mathematical, scientific, and economics data for research.

 Graphs and charts can be in 3-D formats to make the

presentation.
1. PRESENTATION GRAPHICS
 2. ENTERTAINMENT
 It is used in making motion pictures, music, videos and

television shows.
 3.GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

 Major component of GUI interface is a window manager

that allows a user to display multimedia window areas.

 Interfacegenerally comes with a menu and icons for fast

selection of processing options.

 Iconis a graphics symbol designed to look like a processing

options.
3.GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
 4. AUTO CAD

 Useof computer graphics is in design process of engineering

and architecture system.

 Auto cad applications are design to create building,

automobiles, aircraft, spacecraft, textiles and more models.
4. AUTO CAD
 5. COMPUTER ART

 Computer graphics widely used in fine arts and commercial

applications.

 Artistuse a variety of applications like paint packages,

mathematics packages, desktop publishing software and
animation program.
5. COMPUTER ART
 6.VIRTUAL REALITY
 Virtual reality provides a very realistic effect using sight and

sound, while allowing the user to interact with the virtual

world.
 7. TELEMEDICINE
 Inthis application physician can consult with one another
using video conferencing capabilities, where all can see the
data and images, it brings together experts from a number of
places in order to provide better care.

 Alsoused in bio-medical instrument like cardiogram, CT-

Scan reports, X-ray.
7. TELEMEDICINE
 8. IMAGE PROCESSING

 Imageprocessing, converts an existing image into digitized

form by converting the image file format.

 Image processing technique is mostly used in commercial

application that can rearrange/modify image in different
format.
8. IMAGE PROCESSING
 9. EDUCATION

A wide range of individual education software with

multimedia.

 Itis also used in classroom to enhance the educational

experience and simplify teacher’s work.

 In distance learning, where all students may not be at same

place during a class.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

31