Pre IG, Campus-D

Group(2)
-Mi Yamin Pa Pa Aung
-Chan Myae Yati
-Kyal Sin Lin Lat
-Kyi Nuu Hnin

Unit 1
Forces
PRESENTED BY THE UNKNOWN POTATO BAKERS
What is a force?
What is a force?

-Force is a push or pull that can change the direction, motion and shape.
-It can slow things down, speed things up or stop them moving.
-It is a vector quantity, meaning they have both magnitude and direction.
-We can show forces by drawing arrows around the object. The length of the arrows show the
magnitude and the direction of the arrow shows the direction of the force
-Forces can be measured with a force meter(or) a newton meter(or) a spring
balance in units called Newton(N).
-Forces are split up into two types ; contact-forces and non-contact forces.
-Contact forces include friction(drag=> water resistance and air resistance),thrust, upthrust
and tension.
-Non-Contact forces include gravitational force, electrostatic force and magnetic force.
Electrostatic force
Thrust
-The force of attraction or
repulsion between objects
that are charged

Magnetic force -The forward force

-The force of attraction generated by an engine
or repulsion between
magnetic materials
 Balanced and unbalanced force

The direction and the motion of an object depends on whether

the forces on it are balanced or unbalanced.

Balanced- forces with same size but from different directions

cancel each other out.
-Resultant force= ZERO, the object stay still if not moving
-move at a steady speed if it was moving

Unbalanced forces with different sizes from the opposite

direction don't cancel each other out.
-object will start moving, accelerate or decelerate
-object will move to the direction with a greater force

stan stray kids for a better life, brothers!

 Balanced and unbalanced force

The direction and the motion of an object depends on whether

the forces on it are balanced or unbalanced.

Balanced- forces with same size but from different directions

cancel each other out.
-Resultant force= ZERO, the object stay still if not moving
-move at a steady speed if it was moving

Unbalanced forces with different sizes from the opposite

direction don't cancel each other out.
-object will start moving, accelerate or decelerate
-object will move to the direction with a greater force

Can you find the resultant forces to the first picture?

stan stray kids for a better life, brothers!

 Balanced and unbalanced force

The direction and the motion of an object depends on

whether the forces on it are balanced or unbalanced.
Balanced- forces with same size but from different directions cancel
each other out.
-Resultant force= ZERO, the object stay still if not moving
-move at a steady speed if it was moving
Unbalanced forces with different sizes from the opposite direction
don't cancel each other out.
-object will start moving, accelerate or decelerate
-object will move to the direction with a greater force
Can you find the resultant forces to the first picture?
Ans: 1) Balanced, Zero resultant force
2)Resultant force= 100N to the left(unbalanced )
-Calculate resultant force by subtracting the
smaller force from the bigger force
stan stray kids for a better life, brothers!
Unbalanced forces examples
Friction
Friction is a force that resist motion when the surface of
one object comes in contact with the surface of another,
slowing the object down.
-a contact force
-The rougher the surface, the more friction there is
-It is always in the opposite direction to the applied force
Two types of friction(drag)
-water resistance
-air resitance
Friction can be useful!
-Help us walk

-The brakes in wheels apply friction to the rolling wheels,

allowing the car to stop
-Need the friction between the tires and the road to move
-That's why roads are usually rough
-The wheels skid in icy roads
(icy=smooth= less friction that would keep the wheels sliding)
-Fiction enables us to light a matchstick
-writing
-holding objects(cuz it resist sliding)
Nuisance in exchange for motion

-Causes the moving parts of a vehicle to heat up,

which results in wastage of fuel and energy

-wildfires(the friction between the rubbing tree ranches)

-wear way shoe soles ,brakes and tires

-A lot of energy is required to overcome the friction

-the culprit of blisters when you wear heels

-cause friction wounds when your skin is rubbed against a
surface
 Using friction

Friction can be adjusted to your preference.

-In places that need friction, we can increase friction by making the
surface rougher(refer to pic 3).
-In places that we don't want friction, we can reduce friction by
lubrication, making the surface smoother
eg. using ball bearings, applying lubricants
Friction is like a nosy sibling
rictio
F

n
They might cause troubles around the house and
wastes your money but you can't really live without
them, can you?
 Gravity
Gravity is a non-contact force by which a planet or another body draws object
towards its center. It acts between all objects having mass.
-It pulls you towards the earth and keep all the planets in orbit around the sun
-The size of gravity depends on ...
1) the mass of the two objects
2) how far apart they are
-You are also pulling the earth with a gravitational force but
it doesn't have much effect because the earth is much much more
massive than you
Sir Issac newton
-Tides are caused by the moon's gravitational force
pulling the earth
-Sir Isaac newton formulated the gravitational formula in 1665 after watching an
apple fall and asking why the apple fell straight down ,rather than sideways or
even upwards
Mass and weight are not the same !!!

mass
-the amount of matter in an object
-never changes
-measured in kilograms
Weight
-the one you always get insecure of
-a force
-measured in newtons
-changes in different
gravitational fields
Gravitational field
The gravitational field strength of a planet shows by how much
force is an object attracted to the Centre of that planet.
-Gravitational field strength is different on every planet
(depends on mass),so your weight is different on every planet
-The Earth has a gravitational field strength of 10N/kg while the
moon has the gravitational field strength of 1.6N/kg

Weight
equation
 Air resistance
Air resistance, also known as drag, is a type of friction that acts in opposite direction to an
object moving through the air, slowing it down.
-We don't often notice but it's still there.
-Collisions with the particles in the air provides the resistance
-Air resistance depends on ...
1) the speed of the object(the faster, the more frequency of the
collisions with the air particles, the more air resistance it experiences)
eg. you feel a rougher air when you run than walk.
2)the area that is in contact with the air(the more surface area, the more air resistance)
-In order to reduce air resistance, vehicles can be designed to have a streamlined
shape(shape that reduces the area in contact with the air)
Streamlined shapes
Parachutes in rectangular shape
to increase the air resistance or
to reduce the terminal velocity,
so the skydiver can land safely
 Terminal velocity(weight= air resistance)
-constant speed, no acceleration

1. As the parachutist jumps out of the plane, she accelerates.

(gravitational force acting on her)
1. The air resistance increases as she accelerates.
2. When the air resistance is equal to the weight, the parachutist will
travel at a steady speed, called the terminal velocity.
3. The parachutist opens her parachute.
4. The air resistance suddenly increases(because the parachute increases
the area that is in contact with the air),so the parachutist suddenly
slows down.
5. Because she is slowing down, the air resistance decreases until it
equals the weight of the parachutist and she reaches a lower terminal
velocity than before.
6. Slowly, the parachutist safely lands on the ground.
 Tension

-Tension is the force in the rope that's being stretched.(try stretching one)
-a contact force
-The force you feel is the rope the force of attraction pulling back the particles inside that
moved apart when you were pulling on the rope
-mount climbing ropes are designed to stretch to absorb the impact of a falling climber.
Elastic or plastic?
-Elastic materials ,like spring, go back to its original length when you remove the force but
plastic materials, like a bobby pin, don't.
-The amount that elastic materials stretches,
extension is directly proportional to the amount of
force applied.
-So we use spring in a forcemeter to measure force
-The spring won't go back to its original length when it
has reached the elastic limit , it is permanently extended
-Springs can be used in spring balance,
trampolines and vehicles
Upthrust
-Objects seem to weight less in water, it's because of upthrust.
-Upthrust is the force that pushes an object in a liquid or gas
-The water/air particles collides with the bottom of the object and pushes it up.
-The object will float when the upthrust is equal to the weight,
and sink when the weight is bigger than the upthrust.
-The upthrust on an object stays the same no matter how deep it goes
(as long as it is completely submerged). This is because the upthrust
depends only on the DIFFERENCE between the forces on the top and
bottom of the object.
Weight= upthrust(the balloon) it will move with a steady speed.
Upthrust > the weight of the balloon and the air resistance, the balloon will accelerate.
-The weight and the upthrust is the same throughout motion while drag is constantly
changing with the speed of the object.
 Archimedes principle

-Archimedes, discovered the Archimedes principle, after being ordered to

figure out whether the king's newly made crown is pure gold or not, filled the
bath with water to take a shower and noticed that his weight displaced
some of the water. Legends say that he ran around the town, naked while
shouting "Eureka!(I found it)"

-Archimedes principle is a
principle that says the weight of
the water displaced when an
object is immersed into the water
is equal to the upthrust on the
object.
Centripetal force

-Centripetal force is a force that is maintaining an object in a

circular motion, the force that prevent the object from flying
away tangentially, unless this force is present, no object can
execute a pure circular motion, because in absence of a force, a
body moves uninterrupted along a straight line(newton's first law)
-It's always directed towards the center of the circle
-Tension in the rope is the centripetal force
that keeps the ball moving in a circular motion
when you swing a ball with a rope.
-The friction between the tires and the road
-The gravitational force and etc....,
are the centripetal forces keeping objects
moving in a circle.

How to calculate centripetal force

When you do an experiment......

-first, think of a question you wanna investigate

-then, list possible variables you need to control, change or
observe to be a fair test
-plan your experiment, choose the right equipment
-collect evidence, write down your results in a table
-write the variable you change in the left column and the
variable you observe in the right column
-To present your results, draw a line graph if the variables are
continuous and a bar chart or a pie chart if the variables are
discrete.
-write down the variable (and the unit) from the first column on X axis and the write down the
variable from the second column on y axis.
-plot points on the graph and connect them with the line of best fit(straight or curve) to show
trends or patterns
-repeat the reading if you notice any anomalous points, points that away from the line
Thank you for listening!
That's all from the unknown potato bakers....
Hope you all enjoyed our presentation
Questions are warmly welcomed!!