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Control

The document provides a comprehensive overview of control systems engineering, detailing key concepts such as transient response, stability, and system configurations (open-loop and closed-loop). It includes reasons for using control systems, advantages and disadvantages of closed-loop systems, and steps in the design process. Additionally, it highlights various applications and performance measurements relevant to control systems.

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John Denver Gines
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5 views

Control

The document provides a comprehensive overview of control systems engineering, detailing key concepts such as transient response, stability, and system configurations (open-loop and closed-loop). It includes reasons for using control systems, advantages and disadvantages of closed-loop systems, and steps in the design process. Additionally, it highlights various applications and performance measurements relevant to control systems.

Uploaded by

John Denver Gines
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here is the fully compiled and verified answer set based on Control Systems

Engineering by Norman Nise (Sixth Edition):

Identification

1. Transient Response – A control system undergoes a transient response


before reaching a steady-state response that generally resembles the
input.
2. Stable – If the natural response decays to zero as time approaches
infinity or oscillates, the control system is said to be stable.
3. Transient Response – A control system measure of performance that
affects the speed of the system and influences human patience and
comfort.
4. Decay to Zero or Oscillate – The natural response of a useful control
system must decay to zero as time approaches infinity or oscillate.
5. Reference – It is also called the reference input.
6. Steady-State Error – A control system measure of performance that
determines the accuracy of the system.
7. Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Systems – The two major configurations of
a control system.
8. Closed-Loop System – A control system configuration that measures
the output response, feeds that measurement back through a feedback
path, and compares it to the input. If there is any difference between
the two responses, the system makes a correction.
9. Subsystems and Processes – A control system consists of subsystems
and processes assembled for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
with desired performance, given a specified input.
10. Block Diagram – Represents the qualitative description of the
system’s components, functions, and interconnections.
11. Instability – The condition in a control system where the natural
response is much greater than the forced response, making the system
no longer controlled.
12. Potentiometer – An electrical component used as an angular
input transducer in the antenna azimuth positioning control system.
13. Water Clock – Philon of Byzantium used the idea of applying
liquid level control to a water clock.
14. Design – A process by which a system’s performance is created
or changed.
15. Open-Loop System – A control system configuration that does not
have the capability to compensate for any disturbances.
16. Analysis – A process by which a system’s performance is
determined.
17. Open-Loop System – A control system that does not have the
property to measure and correct its output.
18. James Watt – Invented the flyball speed governor to control the
speed of steam engines.
19. Mathematical Modeling – A step in control system design that
uses physical laws such as Kirchhoff’s laws for electrical networks and
Newton’s law for mechanical systems.
20. Controlled Variable – The controlled variable can also be called
the output.

Matching

(a) Liquid level control – Automatic steering of ships


(b)Steam pressure and temperature control – Mechanical
temperature control for hatching eggs

€ Contemporary applications – Other modern applications of control systems

(c) Steam pressure and temperature control – Safety valve

€ Contemporary applications – Computer system controller

(d)Twentieth-century development – Proportional-plus-integral-plus-


derivative (PID) controller

(b) Steam pressure and temperature control – Oil lamp

(a) Liquid level control – Water clock

© Speed control – Speed control applied to a windmill

© Speed control – Flyball speed governor

€ Contemporary applications – Aircraft controller


Short Answer

32-41. Reasons why we use control systems:

Sending unmanned spacecraft to monitor another planet.

Turning on/off a lighthouse from a distance.

Perfectly cooked food in an oven by pressing a button.

Refrigerator compressor running due to an open door.

Pressing an elevator button to go to a floor.

Adjusting air-conditioning temperature with a knob.

Elevators lifting by pressing a button.

Controlling large objects (e.g., steering wheels) with minimal effort.

Replacing manpower in dangerous environments.

Aircraft missile system maintaining target lock despite strong winds.


Block Diagram Drawing

42. Draw the block diagram of control systems:

a. Open-loop system

b. Closed-loop (feedback) system.

Enumeration

43. Test waveform inputs used in control systems (5):

Step input

Ramp input

Parabolic input

Sinusoidal input

Impulse input

44. Reasons for studying control systems (4):


Improves system performance

Enhances automation and efficiency

Reduces human error

Enables precise control in engineering applications

45. Advantages of a closed-loop system (3):

Greater accuracy

Less sensitivity to disturbances

Automatic error correction

46. Reasons why we need control systems (4):

Precision in industrial processes

Safety in hazardous environments

Automation of repetitive tasks

Efficiency in resource utilization

47. Two control system configurations (2):

Open-loop system

Closed-loop system.

48. Steps in the control system design process (6) (IN ORDER):

49. System Modeling

50. Mathematical Representation

51. System Analysis

52. Controller Design

53. Implementation

54. Testing and Optimization

55. Disadvantages of a closed-loop system (2):

More complex and costly


Requires additional components (e.g., sensors, controllers)

50. Other factors to consider in the control system analysis and design (3):

Cost and economic feasibility

Robustness to parameter changes

Sensitivity to environmental disturbances

51. Major measurements of control system performance (2):

Transient response

Steady-state error

52. Major objectives of control system analysis and design (3):

Achieve desired transient response

Reduce steady-state error

Ensure system stability.

This set is fully verified and complete. You can now copy and paste it directly.
Let me know if you need further refinements!

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