ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CATEGORY L T P CREDIT
ECT302 ELECTROMAGNETICS
PCC 3 1 0 4

Preamble: This course aims to impart knowledge on the basic concepts of electric and
magnetic fields and its applications.

Prerequisite:MAT102 Vector Calculus

Course Outcomes:After the completion of the course the student will be able to

CO 1 To summarize the basic mathematical concepts related to electromagnetic

K2 vector fields.
CO 2 Analyse Maxwell’s equation in different forms and apply them to diverse engineering
K3 problems.
CO3
To analyse electromagnetic wave propagation and wave polarization
K3
CO4 To analyse the characteristics of transmission lines and solve the transmission line
K3 problems using Smith chart.
CO5
To analyse and evaluate the propagation of EM waves in Wave guides.
K3

Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes

PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
CO1 3 3 1 1 2
CO2 3 3 1 1 2
CO3 3 3 1 1 2
CO4 3 3 1 1 2
CO5 3 3 1 1 2

Assessment Pattern

Bloom’s Category Continuous Assessment End Semester Examination

Tests
1 2
Remember K1
Understand K2 20 20 40
Apply K3 30 30 60
Analyse
Evaluate
Create

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Mark distribution

Total CIE ESE ESE Duration

Marks

150 50 100 3 hours

Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:

Attendance : 10 marks
Continuous Assessment Test (2 numbers) : 25 marks
Assignment/Quiz/Course project : 15 marks

End Semester Examination Pattern: There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A
contain 10 questions with 2 questions from each module, having 3 marks for each question.
Students should answer all questions. Part B contains 2 questions from each module of which
student should answer any one. Each question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carry
14 marks.

Course Level Assessment Questions

Course Outcome 1 (CO1): To summarize the basic mathematical concepts related to

electromagnetic vector fields. (K2)

1. State and explain divergence theorem. Give a geometrical explanation.

2. Find the curl of the vector A =2rcosϕ aρ +r aϕ in cylindrical coordinates

3. Show that curl grad F and div curl F are identically zero.

1 Q
4.Show that V  4 r where r  ( x  y  z ) satisfies Laplace’s equation.
2 2 2 1/ 2

Course Outcome 2 (CO2): Analyse Maxwell’s equation in different forms and apply
them to diverse engineering problems. (K3)

1. State and explain Maxwell’s equations in the integral and differential forms.

2. Derive the solution of uniform plane wave in lossy dielectric medium.

Course Outcome 3 (CO3): To analyse electromagnetic wave propagation and wave

polarization (K3)

1. Derive an expression for reflection coefficient of a plane wave under oblique incidence
with parallel polarization at a dielectric interface.

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2. Explain wave polarization and different polarisation with example.

3. Derive the expression for Brewster angle for parallel polarised wave.

Course Outcome 4 (CO4): To analyse the characteristics of transmission lines and solve
the transmission line problems using Smith chart. (K3)

1.A transmission line of length 0.2 λ and characteristic impedance 100Ω is terminated with a
load impedance of 50+200j . Find input impedance, reflection coefficient at load end,
reflection coefficient at the input end and VSWR.

2. A lossless transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50Ω and phase constant of 3
Rad/ m at 100 MHz . Find Inductance per meter and Capacitance per meter of the
transmission line .

3. A 50 + j200 Ω load is connected to a 100Ω lossless transmission line . Using Smith chart ,
find i. Reflection coefficient at load ii. VSWR

Course Outcome 5 (CO5): To analyse and evaluate the propagation of EM waves in

Wave guides.(K3)

1.For TE10 mode of propagation in a rectangular wave guide, with length 8cm and

6 cm respectively , find the following when frequency of operation is 6 GHz .

i. Cut off frequency

ii. Cut off wavelength

iii. Guide wavelength

iv. Phase constant

v. Phase velocity

vi. Group velocity

vii. Wave impedance

2.A rectangular wave guide has a dimension of 3cm x 5cm , and is operating at a frequency
of 10 GHz . Calculate the cutoff wavelength, cutoff frequency , guide wavelength , phase
velocity and group velocity . and the wave impedance for TE10 mode.

3.Derive the expression for Electric and magnetic field intensities for TM mode of
propagation of rectangular waveguide.

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SYLLABUS

MODULE 1 :
Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory. Review of vector calculus- curl, divergence
gradient. Rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. Expression of curl
divergence and Laplacian in cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinate system. Electric
field and magnetic field, Review of Coulomb’s law, Gauss law and Amperes current law.
Poisson and Laplace equations, Determination of E and V using Laplace equation.

MODULE 2 :
Derivation of capacitance and inductance of two wire transmission line and coaxial cable.
Energy stored in Electric and Magnetic field. Displacement current density, continuity
equation. Magnetic vector potential. Relation between scalar potential and vector potential.
Maxwell’s equation from fundamental laws. Boundary condition of electric field and
magnetic field from Maxwells equations.Solution of wave equation.

MODULE 3 :
Propagation of plane EM wave in perfect dielectric, lossy medium, good conductor, media-
attenuation, phase velocity, group velocity, skin depth. Reflection and refraction of plane
electromagnetic waves at boundaries for normal & oblique incidence (parallel and
perpendicular polarization), Snell’s law of refraction, Brewster angle.

MODULE 4 :
Power density of EM wave, Poynting vector theorem. Polarization of electromagnetic wave-
linear, circular and elliptical polarisation.
Uniform lossless transmission line - line parameters.Transmission line equations, Voltage and
Current distribution of a line terminated with load .Reflection coefficient and VSWR.
Derivation of input impedance of transmission line.

MODULE 5 :
Transmission line as circuit elements (L and C). Development of Smith chart - calculation of
line impedance and VSWR using smith chart.
The hollow rectangular wave guide –modes of propagation of wave-dominant mode, group
velocity and phase velocity -derivation and simple problems only

Text Books

1. John D. Kraus, Electromagnetics, 5/e, TMH, 2010.

2. Mathew N O Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, Oxford University Press, 6/e, 2014.
3. William, H. Hayt, and John A. Buck. Engineering Electromagnetics. McGraw-Hill, 8/e
McGraw-Hill, 2014.

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Reference Books

1. Edminister, “Schaum’s Outline of Elctromagnetics”, 4/e, McGraw-Hill, 2014.

2. Jordan and Balmain , Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems, PHI, 2/e,2013
3.Martin A Plonus , Applied Electromagnetics, McGraw Hill, 2/e,1978.

4. Nannapaneni Narayana Rao, Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, Pearson, 6/e, 2006.

5. Umran S. Inan and Aziz S. Inan, Engineering Electromagnetics, Pearson, 2010.

Course Contents and Lecture Schedule

No Topic No. of Lectures

1 Module 1
1.1 Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory. Review of vector 3
calculus- curl, divergence gradient.
1.2 Rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems. 3
Expression of curl divergence and Laplacian in cartesian ,
cylindrical and spherical coordinate system.
1.3 Electric field and magnetic field.Review of Coulomb’s law , Gauss 2
law and Amperes current law.
1.4 Poisson and Laplace equations, Determination of E and V using 2
Laplace equation.
2 Module 2
2.1 Derivation of capacitance and inductance of two wire transmission 2
line and coaxial cable.
2.2 Energy stored in Electric and Magnetic field. 1
2.3 Displacement current density, continuity equation. Magnetic vector 3
potential. Relation between scalar potential and vector potential.
2.4 Maxwell’s equation from fundamental laws. 2
Boundary condition of electric field and magnetic field from 1
Maxwell’s equations.
2.5 Solution of wave equation 1
3 Module 3
3.1 Propagation of plane EM wave in perfect dielectric, lossy medium, 4
good conductor, media-attenuation, phase velocity, group velocity,
skin depth.
3.2 Reflection and refraction of plane electromagnetic waves at 4
boundaries for normal & oblique incidence (parallel and
perpendicular polarization), Snell’s law of refraction, Brewster
angle.
4 Module 4

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4.1 Power density of EM wave, Poynting vector theorem. 2

4.2 Polarization of electromagnetic wave-linear, circular and elliptical 2
polarisation.
4.3 Uniform lossless transmission line - line parameters. Transmission line 3
equations
4.4 Voltage and Current distribution of a line terminated with load .Reflection 3
coefficient and VSWR.Derivation of input impedance of transmission line.
5 Module 5
5.1 Transmission line as circuit elements (L and C). 1

5.2 Development of Smith chart - calculation of line impedance and VSWR 3

using smith chart.
5.3 The hollow rectangular wave guide –modes of propagation of wave- 4
dominant mode, group velocity and phase velocity -derivation and simple
problems only

Assignments:

Model Question paper

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

SIXTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, (Model Question Paper)
Course Code: ECT302
Course Name: ELECTROMAGNETICS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A

Answer ALL Questions. Each Carries 3 mark.

1 Define Curl of a vector field. Explain its physical significance. K2

2 Obtain Coulomb’s law from Gauss’ law K2

3 Write Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equation with applications K1

4 A Parallel plate capacitor with plate area of 5cm2 and a plate separation of 3mm K3

has a voltage 50sin103t Volt applied to its plates. Calculate the displacement

current assuming ε = 2ε0.

5 List all Maxwell’s equations in integral form K1

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6 Explain the significance of skin depth. K2

7 What is Snell’s law? K1

8 What is wave polarisation? What are the different types of polarisation? K1

9 State the relation between standing wave ratio and reflection coefficient. K1

10 How a quarter wave dissipationless line can be used for impedance matching?. K2

PART – B

Answer one question from each module; each question carries 14 marks.

Module - I
11 7
a. Derive the equation for curl of a vector field in Cartesian co-ordinate system.
CO1
K2

b. A Spherical volume charge distribution is given by 7

r2
   0 (1  2 ); r  a CO1
a
  0; r  a K3
Find the electric field intensity E; i) inside and ii) outside the charge distribution

OR

12 Interpret the following 7

CO1
∇ × B= μ 0 J
i) ii) ∇ × E = 0 where B and J stands for magnetic flux K3
density and electric current density

b. Apply Ampere’s circuital law to the case of an infinitely long coaxial cable 7
carrying a uniformly distributed total current I. Compute the magnetic field CO1
intensity existing in different parts of the cable. K3

Module - II

13 Derive the expression of capacitance of two wire transmission line. 7

a.
CO2
K2

b. Show that the energy stored in a system of n point charges is given by 7

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1 n CO2
WE   Q iV i where Vi is the potential of the point charge Qi.
2 i 1 K3

OR

14a Define vector magnetic potential and show that B    A , where B is the 7
magnetic flux density and A is the vector magnetic potential at any point.
CO2
K2

7
b State and prove boundary conditions for E and H in accordance with Maxwell’s
CO2
equations.
K2

Module - III

15 Derive the expression for reflection coefficient for a wave of perpendicular 7

a. CO3
polarization , travelling from one medium to another at oblique incidence .
K2

b. In a lossy dielectric medium,characteristic impedance of the medium is 173 +j100 7

Ω , Expression of Magnetic field of a plane wave is given by
CO3
-αx
10 e cos(ω t – 0.5x)az A/m . Find K3

i. Direction of propagation

ii. Loss tangent

iii. Attenuation constant

iv. Phase constant

v. Skin depth

OR
7
16 a Derive continuity equation from fundamental laws.
CO3
K2
b Find the skin depth, δ at a frequency of 1.6 MHz in aluminium, where

σ=38.2MS/m and µr= 1. Also find the propagation constant, γ and the wave

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7
velocity v . CO3

K3

Module - IV

17a Derive the equation for transmission and reflection coefficients of an

7
electromagnetic wave incident normally on the boundary between two different
regions. CO4
K2

7
b Derive an expression for net outward power flow associated with an
CO4
electromagnetic wave, from a surface.
K2

OR

18 Derive standard Transmission line equations. 7

a. CO4
K2
b. Given two dielectric media,the first medium is free space and the second medium
7
has ε2 =4ε0 and µ=µ0. Find the reflection coefficient for oblique incidence at θ1= 30o
for i) perpendicular polarisation and ii) parallel polarisation CO4
K3

Module - V

19 A rectangular wave guide has a dimension of 3cm x 5cm , and is operating at a

7
a.
frequency of 10 GHz . Calculate the cutoff wavelength, cutoff frequency , guide CO5
wavelength , phase velocity and group velocity . and the wave impedance for K3

TE10 mode.
b. At a frequency of 80 MHz, a lossless transmission line has a characteristic 7
impedance of 300Ω and a wavelength of 2.5m. Find:
CO5
i) L ii) C iii) If the line is terminated with a parallel combination of 200Ω
and 5pF, determine the reflection co-efficient and the standing wave ratio. K3

OR

20 a A 50 + j200 Ω load is connected to a 100Ω lossless transmission line . Using smith 7

chart , find

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CO5
i. Reflection coefficient at load ii. VSWR iii. Load admittance
K3

b Derive the expression for Electric and magnetic field intensities for TM mode of 7

propagation of rectangular waveguide. CO5

K2

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