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Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
 Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Brief
Contents

Prologue xxxii

1 Perspectives on Sexuality 1

2 Sex Research: Methods and Challenges 25

3 Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 45

4 Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 83

5 Gender Issues 106

6 Sexual Arousal and Response 140

7 Love and Communication in Intimate Relationships 171

8 Sexual Behaviors 214

9 Sexual Orientations 239

10 Contraception 266

11 Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 301

12 Sexuality During Childhood and Adolescence 337

13 Sexuality and the Adult Years 363

14 Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 390

15 Sexually Transmitted Infections 424

16 Atypical Sexual Behavior 467

17 Sexual Coercion 480

18 Sex for Sale 516

   vii
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Contents

Prologue xxxii

Chapter 1

Perspectives on Sexuality 1

Sexual Intelligence 2
A Psychosocial Orientation 3
Diversity in Human Sexuality 4

Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock.com
Let’s Talk about It A Child–Parent Sex Talk 5
A Note about Inclusive Terminology 6
Our Cultural Legacy: Sex for Procreation and Rigid Gender Roles 7
Sex for Procreation 7
Male and Female Gender Roles in Sexuality 8
Sexuality in the Western World: A Historical Perspective 10
Judaic and Christian Traditions 10
Sex as Sinful 11
Eve Versus Mary 12
A Sex-Positive Shift 12
The Victorian Era 13
Sexuality & Diversity Slavery’s Assault on Sexuality and Gender Roles 13
The Beginning of the 20th Century 15
After World War II 16
The Media And Sexuality 18
Traditional Media 18
New Media and Sexuality 21
Sexuality: Where the Personal Is Political 23
Summary 24

ix
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Chapter 2

Sex Research: Methods and Challenges 25

The Goals of Sexology 27

Nonexperimental Research Methods 27
Qualitative Studies 28
Surveys 29
Sex and Politics Sex Research Under Siege 32
Direct Observation 33
The Experimental Method 35
Important Considerations in Sex Research 36
Choosing the Sample 36
Technologies in Sex Research 37
Problems of Sex Research 40
Ethical Guidelines for Human Sex Research 41
Evaluating Research: Some Questions to Ask 42
Summary 42

Chapter 3

Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 45

The Vulva 46
The Mons Veneris 46
The Labia Majora 48
Jacob Lund/Shutterstock.com

The Labia Minora 48

Genital Alteration 48
Your Sexual Health Genital Self-Exam for Females 49
The Clitoris 50
Sexuality & Diversity Female Genital Cutting: Torture or Tradition? 52
The Vestibule 53
The Urethral Opening 53
The Introitus and the Hymen 53
The Perineum 54
Underlying Structures 54
Internal Structures 55
The Vagina 56
Your sexual Health Kegel Exercises 58
The Cervix 60
The Uterus 60
The Fallopian Tubes 60
The Ovaries 61
Menstruation 61
Attitudes About Menstruation 61
Menarche 62
Menstrual Physiology 63
The Menstrual Cycle 64
Sexual Activity and the Menstrual Cycle 65
Menstrual Cycle Problems 66

x  Contents
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Menopause 69
Hormone Therapy 70
Gynecological Health Concerns 71
Urinary Tract Infections 72
Vaginal Infections 72
The Pap Smear 73
Surgical Removal of the Uterus and Ovaries 73
The Breasts 74
Breast Self-Exam 76
Breast Cancer Screening 76
Breast Lumps 77
Your Sexual Health How to Examine Your Breasts 78
Breast Cancer 78

Summary 81

Chapter 4

Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 83

Sexual Anatomy 84
The Penis

iStock.com/South_agency
84
Sexuality & Diversity Male Genital Modification:
Cultural Beliefs and Practices 86
Strengthening Musculature Around the Penis 86
The Scrotum 87
The Testes 89
The Vas Deferens 90
Your Sexual Health Male Genital Self-Examination 91
The Seminal Vesicles 91
The Prostate Gland 92
The Cowper’s Glands 92
Semen 93
Male Sexual Functions 93
Erection 93
Ejaculation 94
Concerns About Sexual Functioning 96
Penis Size 96
Sexuality & Diversity Koro: The Genital Retraction Syndrome 98
Circumcision 99
Sex and Politics “Intactivists” Attempt to Criminalize Infant
Circumcision in San Francisco 100
Male Genital Health Concerns 101
The Penis: Health-Care Issues 101
Penile Cancer 102
Testicular Cancer 102
Diseases of the Prostate 102
Summary 104

Contents  xi

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Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Chapter 5

Gender Issues 106

Sex and Gender 107

Gender-Identity Formation 108
Biological Sex Process: Typical Prenatal Differentiation 109
Differences in Sexual Development 115
Sex-Chromosome Variations 115
Variations Affecting Prenatal Hormonal Processes 117
Treatment Strategies for Intersex People: Debate and Controversy 119
The Interactional Model of Gender Development 121
Gender Identity: A Spectrum 122
Transgender Variations: Evolving Terminology 122
Let’s Talk about It Respectful Communication with a Transgender Person 123
Transitioning 124
Sexual Orientation of Transgender People 126
Acceptance and Civil Rights 126
Social-Learning Influences on Gender Identity 127
Gender Roles 128
Sexuality & Diversity Ethnic Variations in Gender Roles 129
Spotlight on RESEARCH Cross-Cultural Sex Differences in Personality Traits 131
How Do We Explain Gender Differences between Men and Women? 131
How Do We Learn Gender Roles? 132
Gender Role Expectations: Their Impact on Our Sexuality 135
Summary 138

Chapter 6

Sexual Arousal and Response 140

The Brain and Sexual Arousal 141

Sexuality & Diversity Cultural Variations in Sexual Arousal 142
Spotlight on ReSeARCH Monitoring Brain Function During Sexual Arousal with
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 144
bezikus/Shutterstock.com

The Senses and Sexual Arousal 145

Touch 145
Vision 146
Smell 147
Taste 147
Hearing 148
Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal 148
Aphrodisiacs: Do They Work? 148
Anaphrodisiacs 151
The Role of Hormones 152
Sex Hormones in Male Sexual Behavior 152
Sex Hormones in Female Sexual Behavior 154
Oxytocin in Male and Female Sexual Behavior 154
Sexual Response 155
Kaplan’s Three-Stage Model 155
Bancroft and Janssen’s Dual Control Model of Sexual Response 156
Masters and Johnson’s Four-Phase Model 156

xii  Contents
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Spotlight on ReSeARCH Monitoring Genital Changes During Sexual Arousal with
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 158
Sexuality & Diversity Subjective Descriptions of Orgasm 161
The Grafenberg Spot 162
Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle 163
The Sexual Response Cycle of Older Females 164
The Sexual Response Cycle of Older Males 164
Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response 165
Greater Variability in Female Response 165
Spotlight on ReSeARCH Sex Differences in Sex Drive 166
The Male Refractory Period 166
Multiple Orgasms 167
Summary 168

Chapter 7

Love and Communication in Intimate

Relationships 171
What Is Love? 172

wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com
Types of Love 173
Passionate Love 173
Companionate Love 174
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love 175
Lee’s Styles of Loving 177
Chapman’s Five Love Languages 178
Falling in Love: Why and with Whom? 178
The Chemistry of Love 179
Falling for Whom? 179
Proximity 179
Similarity 180
Reciprocity 181
Physical Attractiveness 181
How Has the Internet Changed Who We Fall in Love with? 182
Love and Styles of Attachment 183
Attachment Styles 183
Adult Intimate Relationships as an Attachment Process 184
Is It Possible to Make People Fall in Love? 186
Issues in Loving Relationships 186
What Is the Relationship Between Love and Sex? 186
Jealousy in Relationships 189
Maintaining Relationship Satisfaction 190
Ingredients in a Lasting Love Relationship 190
Let’s Talk about It Coping with Jealousy, the Green-Eyed Monster 191
Sexual Variety: An Important Ingredient 192
The Importance of Sexual Communication 193
Let’s Talk about It Consent for Everyone! 194
Talking: Getting Started 194
Talking about Talking 194
Reading and Discussing 195
Sharing Sexual Histories 195

Contents  xiii

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Listening and Feedback 195
Be an Active Listener 195
Maintain Eye Contact 196
Provide Feedback 196
Support Your Partner’s Communication Efforts 196
Express Unconditional Positive Regard 196
Discovering Your Partner’s Needs 197
Asking Questions 197
Self-Disclosure 198
Discussing Sexual Preferences 199
Giving Permission 199
Learning to Make Requests 200
Taking Responsibility for Our Own Pleasure 200
Making Requests Specific 200
Using “I” Language 200
Expressing and Receiving Complaints 201
Constructive Strategies for Expressing Complaints 201
Let’s Talk about It The Benefits of Affectionate Communication 202
Receiving Complaints 205
A Three-Step Approach to Saying No 206
Nonverbal Sexual Communication 207
Facial Expressions 207
Interpersonal Distance 208
Touching 208
Sounds 208
Communication Patterns in Successful and Unsuccessful Relationships 208
Constructive Communication Tactics 209
Destructive Communication Tactics 210
Summary 211

Chapter 8

Sexual Behaviors 214

Celibacy 215
Erotic Dreams and Fantasy 216
Erotic Dreams 216
Erotic Fantasy 216
MJTH/Shutterstock.com

Gender Similarities and Differences in Sexual Fantasy 218

Fantasies: Help or Hindrance? 219
Masturbation 220
Perspectives on Masturbation 220
Purposes of Masturbation 222
Ethnicity and Masturbation 223
Self-Pleasuring Techniques 223
Sexual Expression: The Importance of Context 225
The Context of Sexual Expression 225
Frequency of Partner Sexual Activity 226
Kissing and Touching 227
Kissing 227
Touching 227

xiv  Contents
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Oral–Genital Stimulation 229
Sexuality & Diversity Oral Sex Experiences among American Men
and Women 231
Anal Sex Play and Penetration 232
Vaginal Intercourse 233
Kink 235
Intercourse the Tantric Way 236
Summary 237

Chapter 9

Sexual Orientations 239

A Continuum of Sexual Orientations 240

Sexual Fluidity 242

ArrowStudio, LLC/Shutterstock.com
Asexuality 243
Bisexuality 243
Homosexuality 245
What Determines Sexual Orientation? 246
Societal Attitudes Regarding Homosexuality 246
Spotlight on ReSeARCH Where Does Straight End and Gay Begin? 247
Sexuality & Diversity Homosexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective 247
Judeo-Christian Attitudes Toward Homosexuality 249
From Sin to Sickness 250
Homophobia 250
The Gay Rights Movement 252
The Stonewall Incident and Beyond 253
Decriminalization of Private Sexual Behavior 253
Antidiscrimination 253
Equal Rights: Legal Marriage for Same-Sex Couples 254
LGBTQ People and the Media 255
Coming Out 256
Let’s Talk about It Guidelines for Coming Out 259
LGBTQ Relationships in Context 261

Summary 264

Chapter 10

Contraception 266

Historical and Social Perspectives 267

Contraception in the United States 267
Contraception as a Contemporary Issue 268
Sex and Politics The Power of Pro-Life Anti-Contraception Politics 269
The Importance of Access to Contraception 269
Contraception as a Global Issue 272
Sharing Responsibility and Choosing a Birth Control Method 273
It Takes Two 273
Choosing a Birth Control Method 274
Outercourse 278
Your Sexual Health Which Common Reversible Contraceptive Method
Is Best for You? 279

Contents  xv

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Hormone-Based Contraceptives 279
Oral Contraceptives 279
The Vaginal Ring and the Transdermal Patch 281
Injected Contraceptives 282
Contraceptive Implant 282
Barrier and Spermicide Methods 282
Condoms 283
Let’s Talk about It Don’t Go Inside Without Your Rubbers On 285
Vaginal Spermicides 286
Cervical Barrier Devices 288
Intrauterine Devices 289
How the IUD Works 290
Emergency Contraception 290
Fertility Awareness Methods 292
Calendar Method 293
Standard Days Method 293
Mucus Method 293
Basal Body Temperature Method 294
Symptothermal Method 294
Sterilization 294
Female Sterilization 295
Male Sterilization 296
Less Reliable Methods 297
Withdrawal 297
Lactational Amenorrhea Method 298
Douching 298
New Directions in Contraception 298
New Directions for Males 298
New Directions for Females 299
Summary 299

Chapter 11

Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 301

Parenthood as an Option 302

Becoming Pregnant 303
Enhancing the Possibility of Conception 303
AleksandarNakic/Getty Images

Sexuality & Diversity Preselecting a Baby’s Sex: Technology

and Cross-Cultural Issues 303
Infertility 304
Pregnancy Detection 310
Spontaneous and Elective Abortion 311
Miscarriage and Stillbirth 311
Elective Abortion 312
The Abortion Controversy 317
Sex and Politics Abortion Restrictions at the State Level 320

xvi  Contents
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The Experience of Pregnancy 321
The Woman’s Experience 321
Sexual Interaction During Pregnancy 322
A Healthy Pregnancy 322
Fetal Development 323
Prenatal Care 324
Your Sexual Health Folic Acid and Fetal Development 325
Risks to Fetal Development 326
Pregnancy After Age 35 328
Fatherhood After Age 45 328
Childbirth 328
Contemporary Childbirth 329
Stages of Childbirth 329
After Childbirth 331
Breastfeeding 331
Sexual Interaction After Childbirth 334

Summary 335

Chapter 12

Sexuality During Childhood and

Adolescence 337
Sexual Behavior During Infancy and Childhood 338

Sergey Novikov/Shutterstock.com
Infant Sexuality 338
Childhood Sexuality 338
The Physical Changes of Adolescence 342
Sexual Behavior During Adolescence 344
The Sexual Double Standard 345
Masturbation 345
Noncoital Sexual Expression 346
Ongoing Sexual Relationships 346
Adolescent Sexting 347
Sexual Intercourse 348
Sex and Politics Antigay Harassment/Bullying of Teenagers 351
Adolescent Pregnancy 353
Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy 353
Use of Contraceptives 354
Strategies for Reducing Teenage Pregnancy 355
Sex Education 356
Answering Children’s Questions About Sex 356
Initiating Conversations When Children Do Not
Ask Questions 358
School-Based Sex Education 359
Sex and Politics Abstinence-Only Sex Education 360

Summary 361

Contents  xvii

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Chapter 13

Sexuality and the Adult Years 363

Single Living 364

Singles and the Internet 365
Cohabitation 366
Marriage 367
Marriage in Current Collectivist and Individualist Cultures 367
Same-Sex Marriage 368
Interracial Marriage 369
Polygamy and Polyandry 369
Sex and Politics Marriage in Crisis 370
Sexuality & Diversity Where Women Choose 371
Marriage in the United States 372
Changing Expectations and Marital Patterns 373
Predicting Marital Satisfaction 374
Your sexual Health Know Your Partner 375
Sexual Behavior and Satisfaction in Marriage 375
Nonmonogamy 376
Sexuality & Diversity Extramarital Sexuality in Other Cultures 376
Consensual Nonmonogamy 377
Nonconsensual Extramarital Relationships 379
Divorce 382
Explaining the High Divorce Rate 383
Adjusting to Divorce or Breakup of Long-Term Relationships 383
Sexuality and Aging 384
The Double Standard and Aging 385
Sexual Activity in Later Years 386
Widowhood 388
Summary 388

Chapter 14

Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 390

Your Sexual Health Index of Sexual Satisfaction 393

Specific Sexual Difficulties 394
Desire-Phase and Excitement-Phase Difficulties 394
Pressmaster/Shutterstock.com

Orgasm-Phase Difficulties 396

Dyspareunia 398
Sexual Addiction: Fact, Fiction, or Misnomer? 400
Origins of Sexual Difficulties 401
Relationship Factors 401
Cultural Influences 401
Individual Factors 403
Sexuality & Diversity Suffering for Beauty 405
Good Health Habits = Good Sexual Functioning 406

xviii Contents
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Basics of Sexual Enhancement and Sex Therapy 410
Self-Awareness 410
Communication 411
Sensate Focus 411
Sexuality & Diversity How Modern Sex Therapy Can Clash with Cultural Values 412
Specific Suggestions for Women 413
Specific Suggestions for Men 416
Treating Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder and Male
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder 420
Seeking Professional Assistance 421
Summary 422

Chapter 15

Sexually Transmitted Infections 424

Let’s Talk about It Telling a Partner 428

Bacterial Infections 428
Chlamydia Infection 428
Gonorrhea 430

miker/Shutterstock.com
Nongonococcal Urethritis 431
Syphilis 432
Viral Infections 434
Herpes 434
Human Papilloma Virus 438
Viral Hepatitis 441
Common Vaginal Infections 442
Bacterial Vaginosis 443
Candidiasis 444
Trichomoniasis 445
Ectoparasitic Infections 445
Pubic Lice 445
Scabies 446
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 447
Incidence 448
Sexuality & Diversity AIDS in Africa: Death and Hope on a
Ravaged Continent 450
HIV Transmission 451
Spotlight on ReSeARCH Circumcision as a Strategy for Preventing HIV Infection 452
HIV Symptoms and Complications 453
HIV Antibody Tests 453
Development of AIDS 453
Treatment of HIV/AIDS 454
Prevention of HIV/AIDS 457
Prevention 459
Preventing Other Sexually Transmitted Infections 459
Your sexual Health The Only Way to Determine the STI Status of Yourself
or Your Partner Is to Get Tested 461
Summary 463

Contents  xix

Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Chapter 16

Atypical Sexual Behavior 467

What Constitutes Atypical Sexual Behavior? 468

What Characterizes the Eight Most Common Paraphilic Disorders? 470
Fetishism 470
Transvestic Disorder 471
Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism 472
Exhibitionism 474
Voyeurism 475
Frotteurism 476
Pedophilia 476
What Factors Contribute to the Development of Paraphilias 478
Summary 478

Chapter 17

Sexual Coercion 480

Sexual Assault and Rape 481

What Is Sexual Consent? 482
The #MeToo Movement 482
AFP Contributor/Getty Images

Prevalence of Sexual Assault and Rape 483

False Beliefs about Rape 486
Factors Associated with Rape 487
Your sexual Health Preventing and Coping With Sexual Assault 492
Wartime Sexual Violence 493
Sexuality & Diversity Punishing Women Who Have Been Raped 494
The Aftermath of Sexual Assault 495
Let’s Talk about It Helping a Partner or Friend Recover from Rape 496
Rape and Sexual Assault of Males 497
Sexual Harassment 499
Varieties and Incidence of Sexual Harassment
on the Job 500
Cyberstalking 503
Sexual Harassment in Academic Settings 503
Sexual Abuse of Children 505
Characteristics of People Who Sexually Abuse Children 506
Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse 507
Recovered Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse 508
Pedophiles Online 509
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse 510
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse 512
When the Child Tells 513
Summary 514

xx  Contents
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Chapter 18

Sex for Sale 516

Pornography 517
To Each Their Own 517
Erotica 518
Child Pornography 519

chaoss/Shutterstock.com
Variations in Straight, Gay, and
Lesbian Pornography 519
Access and Prevalence of Pornography Use 520
History of Pornography Access 521
Freedom of Speech Versus Censorship 522
Sex and Politics Pornography as Social Criticism 523
Online Sexually Explicit Materials and Censorship 525
The “Pornification” of U.S. Culture 525
Is Pornography Helpful? 526
Is Pornography Harmful? 527
Sex Work 529
History of Prostitution and Sex Work 529
The Legal Status of Sex Work 530
Sex and Politics FOSTA-SESTA: The Politics of Sex Work 532
Adult Sex Workers 532
The Internet and Sex Work 535
Teenagers in Sex Work 535
The Personal Costs of Sex Work 536
Customers of Sex Workers 536
Glorification of Pimps in the United States 537
Worldwide Sex Trafficking 538
Summary 539

Glossary G1

References R1

Subject Index S1

Author Index A1

Contents  xxi

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 Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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Preface

Our Sexuality, now in its 14th edition, provides students with • New section on qualitative research
an engaging, personally relevant, politically astute, and academi- • New information about social desirability bias in sex
cally sound introduction to human sexuality. The textbook’s research
comprehensive integration of biological, psychological, behav- • Updates to Internet-based research methods
ioral, cultural, and political aspects of sexuality has been consis-
tently well received in each previous edition.
Chapter 3: Female Sexual Anatomy
and Physiology
New in This Edition • Updated discussion on the role of pornography in
Across chapters: women’s views of their labia
• New data on pubic hair grooming
• We have added over 900 new references to the
• Updated data and screening recommendations for breast,
14th edition. These highlight the most cutting-edge
ovarian, and cervical cancer
science and the latest developments in politics and pop
• Expanded data on hormone replacement therapy
culture related to human sexuality.
• Every chapter includes updated terminology, examples,
and photos. We paid special attention to using language Chapter 4: Male Sexual Anatomy
that is inclusive and adding more images that represent and Physiology
people of diverse race/ethnicities, genders, and sexual • New information on penis size
orientations. • Updated statistics and current medical recommendations
• We have streamlined some of the material to make the on circumcision
text as digestible as possible. • Updated data and screening recommendations for penile
• New Critical Thinking Questions and Authors’ File and prostate cancer
quotes have been added throughout.

Chapter 5: Gender Issues

Chapter 1: Perspectives on Sexuality
• Significant updates to flow of information and
• New section addressing terminology related to gender
terminology used throughout the chapter
and sexual diversity
• Expanded discussion of gender diversity and terms that
• Expanded research on LGBTQ issues
expand beyond the gender binary
• Updated information on sex in the media, including the
• Updated information on sex differentiation of
role of new media in sexual expression
the brain
• Several new figures
• Clarification of transitioning and gender confirmation
surgery
Chapter 2: Sex Research: Methods • Heavily revised section on gender role formation
and Challenges • New information on how the media, including
• Reorganized flow of information social media and access to the Internet, impact
• New study examples for each research method gender roles

   xxiii
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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 Then he added that it would be a hard battle to build a home in the short
space of time allotted and to store food enough to last through the winter. It
meant a fight, for already the glimmerings of the fall were upon us! Pale
shadows of color began to stain the leaves, and the flowers turned their faces
more wistfully each day to the sun. Still, the bees would go. There was no
denying the operation of the law, which commanded that the chance be taken.
The whole law of survival was involved—and there was none to deny it.
So, all night long murmurings and vague discontents and forebodings and
anticipations ran through the hive. Those marked so mysteriously to go
realized that their lives were at stake and likely to be lost. Yet each one in the
hive would have gone. It was not until late that I learned that our own mother,
my mother, the mother of the hive, was to go away, leaving her daughter to
preside over the destinies of the old. Here, too, Crip was wont to philosophize.
“You see, our mother is not young,” he began. “If she should perish in the
stress of the winter and the new colony be lost, it would be less grievous than
the loss of this new, vigorous Queen. Besides, our mother has had experience.
She has lived over one winter. She knows how much of a brood to rear to
maintain the strength of the colony—or whether she dare rear any at all—
bearing in mind the while that there must be a fine adjustment between the
mouths to be fed and the total of supplies. She knows well how to keep this
account. Last winter, I am told, our stores ran low, so low, in fact, that many of
our brothers sacrificed their lives in order to conserve the supplies so as to
bring the Queen-Mother with a few attendants through the long, bitter winter.
Not a young bee was reared until the first flowers had come riotously trampling
on the skirts of the frost. So, you see, they know best. She will lead the swarm,
and perhaps, if the season is late, and the frost slow to come, they can build
their combs and store sufficient honey to bring them through. Perhaps even
spring may come to their rescue, blossoming early. A late, backward spring,
however, might end them, even if they had escaped the fury of the winter.”
There seemed no end to Crip’s knowledge. Lying there on the comb, he
looked pathetically helpless, and there was a quaver in his voice. I could see
that he was reflecting—that age had dropped upon him heavily on account of
his wounds. Then, stoic that he was, I knew that some morning I should search
in vain for trace of him. Once a bee becomes useless, he said, there is but one
thing for him to do. I knew that Crip was already contemplating the end.
Bitterness for a moment welled up in me at the thought that so much wisdom
should be lost—and so soon. That was the edict. But, after all, was the wisdom
really lost?
Our talk was broken at length by the call of the morning. The first pale
gleams of light filtered through the entrance of the hive. Already there were
murmurings and presently the faint note of the swarm.
Two hours passed—three hours—and now the trumpet sounded for the
flight. Each of the chosen rushed to the nearest cell and filled his sac to its
utmost capacity. Some early-returning foragers, laden with pollen, heard the
signal and made ready to go, carrying with them their loads. Stores must be
taken along to last until comb was built and new supplies gathered from the
fields. Rations for three or four days were thus provided. When all was ready
the trumpet sounded again and the march began. In the fore went the scouts
who were to lead the way to the new home. Then, following after, came the
chosen ones in a mighty multitude, and lastly the Queen.
Out into the air they flew, then round and round, each one singing the Song
of the Swarm, which could be heard afar off. Round and round in a dizzy circle
they flew, but in an ever-widening whirl. The scouts, I could hear from my point
of vantage at the door, were becoming impatient. The Queen had been
delayed, and until word of her presence among them was spoken, they could
only circle about. Or else, failing that word, they could and would return to the
hive. But at the height of their impatience the glad word came, “The Queen is
here!”
Then they delayed no longer, but started in a whirlwind flight toward the lake
and to their new home, uttering, as they drew away, that marvelously wild and
moving song which pulsed with the tremors of life and death.
 CHAPTER FOURTEEN
Perils

Crip and I were sober and silent.

 From the alighting-board we watched them draw away and disappear, and
were on the eve of turning into the hive, when up came the Master
breathlessly. He stopped and gazed at the retreating cloud, knowing too well
what had happened. He knew, too, by their actions, that a home had been
prepared for their reception. He seemed surprised to think that the bees should
swarm so late in the season, and not a little chagrined to think they could have
done it under his eyes. His curiosity at once led him to find whence the swarm
had come, and he walked straight to our hive. A few excited bees were still
flying back and forth, but Crip and I, like the condemned, stood stolidly and
wondered.
His lips moved, but he said no word; he turned on his heels and went away.
Shortly, however, he returned, the little Shadow with him. They were talking
of the swarming, for he pointed the way the bees had gone. In his hand he
held that horrid smoking thing, and Crip and I both knew what that meant. He
would open our house. I resented this, for I remembered the smoke in my eyes
when he took the top off our hive and lifted out frame after frame, taking away
from us part of our honey. I remembered, too, how I longed to sting him, but
how all my efforts were unavailing, for he had hidden himself under a screen.
And yet I really did not want to sting him. Just why I flew at him I could not
understand.
“He is angry with us now,” said Crip. “He knows we are insane. He probably
will take away our honey and leave us to starve, as we merit. We have proven
our short-sightedness and have lost our right to survive.”
“No, he will not do that,” I replied.
On the instant I seemed no longer to distrust him; I remembered his
kindness to me on a day when, overladen, a gust of wind had felled me to the
earth. He had placed me on a twig, where, after disgorging part of my load,
and washing my body and my wings, I again made way to my home.
But it was certain that we should know his intentions shortly, for, on coming
close, he sent a puff of smoke into the entrance that choked and blinded both
Crip and me and the guards, and sent us scurrying into the hive. Then, passing
the smoker to the Little Master, he carefully lifted off the top and the upper
section of our hive, and began an inspection of the brood-chamber. He
seemed to be right happy at discovering that the queen-cells had been
destroyed, which carried the assurance to his mind that no further swarming
was in contemplation; but when his eyes fell upon the new Queen-Mother, they
widely distended and a smile of joy lighted his face.
“Wonderful creature,” he murmured.
The little Shadow cried: “Let me see. Isn’t she a beauty!”
 By this time the smoke had cleared away and my disposition had changed. I
said to Crip that we ought to attack them. But he answered that it would be
folly now—that only evil would result. Further parleying was cut short by a blast
of smoke shot at us by the Little Master, who apparently had discerned
outward signs of the rebellion, for my body was poised and I suppose I must
have been emitting the note of anger. The smoke sent us all flying into a
remote corner of the hive.
Then the Master replaced the section of hive he had removed, and began to
lift frame after frame, uttering little exclamations, as though he had not
suspected that we had gathered such quantities of honey in so short and late a
season. It was easy for him now to understand why we had developed the
swarming fever, although it evidently appeared to him a foolish adventure.
“He has been dreaming in his rose-garden,” commented Crip, when the
Master had nearly finished his examination. “That is the reason he has
neglected us of late. He did not know there had been a great flow of honey.”
We were talking among ourselves, when up came Buzz-Buzz, angry from
the smoke in his eyes.
“A fine lot this fellow,” he growled.
“You don’t like him?” I asked.
He just looked at us. He was too irritated to speak.
“He’ll get over it,” mused Crip.
We were still holding converse when again the top came off and one by one
the Master lifted out our combs and robbed them of their honey. They were
battered and broken and empty when he restored them to us. We were all
infuriated, and for a while flew madly about him and about the Little Master—
the dog kept at a respectful distance—straining every effort to drive them away.
But the Little One only smoked us the more, while the Master went on with his
work. He was careful to kill no bee, brushing off every one of them before
taking away the combs of honey, and while returning them.
Quickly it was all over. When he had gone we at once took stock and found
that he had left us quite enough to carry us through the winter, barring
accident. But almost before the appraisal had been made a catastrophe was
upon us. The honey from a broken comb had flooded the bottom-board, and
began to pour out through the entrance onto the ground, and robber bees were
shortly upon it. We summoned all our guards for our protection, but the robbers
in thousands came, and in spite of our resistance they forced their way into the
hive and began to plunder at random. Poor old Crip even mixed in the mêlée,
fighting like a veteran, while I, beaten and trampled, finally lay senseless on
the floor.
We should have been lost but for the thoughtfulness of the Master, who,
returning to see that all was well, found us besieged and overrun. He quietly
closed the entrance to our hive, and thus left us to clear it of the marauders
within doors, which we did promptly, although at heavy cost in the lives of our
brothers. An hour later he returned and opened ever so slightly our door.
Although a few robbers still lingered and endeavored to force an entrance, they
were easily beaten off. In the mean time we carefully cleaned up the spilled
honey which had nearly been our undoing—and the battle was over.
The night came and we cleared our house of the dead. Scattered
indiscriminately they lay—friend and foe—many score of them. Among them I
found the veteran who had been kind to me, with the mark of a lance in his
breast. Certain it was that he had died fighting bravely. I had found his body,
and I determined to keep it by me through the night, and on the morrow I
meant to give a fitting burial. I remembered a high knoll overlooking the lake
and the country round about, and there I said he should be laid to rest. I told
Crip of my purpose, and he applauded me, and together we watched over him.
More than once we almost had to fight to prevent the cleaners from taking his
body away.
On the morrow, in the early dawn, I dragged him forth and, taking him in my
mandibles, flew away with him, dropping him on the knoll. The poor old
veteran! Somehow I had gained the notion that one day he would awake, and
from that vantage-point find himself nearer the stars.
We now began another chapter in the life of our colony. We were left with
none too much honey, and, besides, our numbers had been greatly depleted
by the exodus and by the assault of the robbers. Our Queen-Mother
immediately organized her followers and sent us all scouring the fields for
additional foods. Thanks to the late season, there still remained an abundant
harvest. Soon we had replenished our supplies to a point where we could rest
comfortably, and our good mother set about rearing just enough brood to have
us weather the winter safely. But we never stopped work. Day after day we
gathered bread and honey.
“We cannot have too much,” said Crip. “You see, since you have not gone
through a winter you have much to learn. It is no simple business. Frightful
northers sweep down upon us and chill us and kill us. Sometimes it grows so
cold the young bees are frozen in their cells. They must then be removed, or
else sickness and disease will follow. Sometimes, too, if stores run low and our
numbers fall below a certain point, we ourselves can no longer keep warm.
That means death for us all.”
 “But we have plenty of stores,” I replied. “We have nothing to fear.”
“There are always fears. An animal running wild may topple over your
house; a bad man may slip in and steal your supplies; a moth may enter and
lay eggs producing destructive worms; a bear may chance to find you and with
his great paws rend the hive asunder!”
“Stop!” I cried. “If there are yet other dangers, I do not wish to know them.”
“But it is well to know. There are diseases to combat, such as dysentery,
paralysis, and foul brood—”
“Oh, stop!” I begged him.
Was life really such a hazard? so perilous a journey? And all for what?
Toward what misty goal?
It was a glorious day in October. The Indian summer had come, flooding all
the hills and vales with its magical sheets of amethyst, while a drowsy wind
from the south bore on its breath the odor of autumn. Now and then that
indefinable note, presaging the advent of winter—a note which is neither a
requiem nor a dirge—could be heard like a faint flute in the branches of the
trees. The sun shone big and round and still with a suggestion of summer.
Scattered clouds went drifting lazily by, wonderfully emphasizing the turquoise
blue of the sky.
“Is it going to rain?” I asked of Crip, who was dragging himself along on the
alighting-board, ready for a new excursion into the woods.
“No,” he mumbled.
It had been weeks since my experience in the flood, but ever after that when
a cloud was in the sky I bethought me of rain. But I had now come to know that
rains were something more than clouds.
Crip and I had been laboring to fill adjoining cells. We had already gathered
many loads of honey that day. “I’m tired,” he said, right plaintively. “I can’t do as
much as I could once.”
“Why don’t you rest?” I begged of him.
“Rest! What word is that? Did ever a bee rest when there was work to do?”
With that he hobbled a little farther on his four legs, his poor old body half
carried and half dragged. But his wings were still powerful and lifted him
instantly into the all-absorbing space.
This time I took an entirely different direction from any I had thus far traveled.
On and on I flew, mile after mile, until presently I scented something and went
for it. It proved to be a field of June corn, in silk and tassel—and, oh, what
quantities of pollen! I gathered a little and hastened back to report. Almost at
once a string of my brothers were flying to and fro, laden with bread.
We had now stored up a great surplus of food, and the Queen-Mother
broadened her brood areas. She deemed it wise to enlarge her family; first,
because she had a premonition that a wild winter would soon break upon us,
and, for the further reason, that half the battle was to be strong in numbers in
the spring, when the honey-fountains opened.
When I returned with my last load, well toward sunset, I found Crip waiting at
our rendezvous, my ancient cell.
“You have done well to-day,” he said, “and I wanted to tell you so. Five miles
is a long journey to go for a load, but it was worth it. I, too, made one trip—but
have pity on me—only when I got there did I remember that I had no basket-
legs; hence I was forced to return empty-handed. It is too much for me to bear.
I am old and useless.”
I could not stand to hear him depreciate himself in such fashion, and
remonstrated with him.
“Well, it’s too true,” he persisted. “Some day you will understand.”
 CHAPTER FIFTEEN
A Midnight Adventure
 I did not answer Crip, for at the moment I was notified that I should take my
turn at guard duty, and I went at once to report.
 It was now fast growing dark, and the last workers were dropping on the
alighting-board and groping their way into the hive. It was the duty of guards to
inspect all who entered, and to keep out bugs and ants and intruders. More
than a score of guards, I among them, kept a continuous patrol before the
entrance; and all went well until far into the night.
The Master with his little Shadow had passed among us as if to bid us good
night, and had gone. The moon was now rising, and a mocking-bird in a
neighboring tree had been rendering melodies without number. There was no
sound in all the world save the mocking-bird’s song that ebbed and flowed in
ever wilder cadence. High above his perch he would soar into the moonlight,
and as he dropped again—his little gray body looking like a bit of mist—he
would almost burst his throat with rapturous song. Often had I heard him sing,
but never had he so completely abandoned himself to the sheer frenzy of it—
and at such an hour!
“He’s making the best of it, for soon the winter will come and his songs will
cease,” observed a guard.
“But what glorious singing!” added another.
While we were talking a guard suddenly gave an alarm. He had either
scented or seen an enemy; but doubt was immediately removed, for the raw
smell of an animal was borne in to us. We paused and prepared for an attack.
Our wings were buzzing at intervals and our stings were ready to strike. And
none too soon, for in a moment more a monstrous animal stuck his nose into
the entrance of our hive. Instantly we all flew at him, some landing in his face
and some on his body. But only those that struck his face succeeded in
stinging him, for the hair was too long on his body.
I was unfortunate enough to have been one of those landing on his back,
and immediately found myself so entangled in his hair that I could neither sting
him nor free myself. I struggled in vain, and my efforts were rendered more
difficult on account of the mad capers he cut in escaping from the spot. The
moment we flew at him and stung him about the head, he turned somersaults
and cried like a cat in torment, while he fled madly. So wildly did he fly that he
banged squarely into a neighboring hive and nearly upset it. Then he collided
with weeds and brush and cacti—in fact, I now suspect he could see nothing.
Certainly he cared not what lay in his road.
I can think of it calmly, now that I am safely back, but while I rode unwillingly
upon his back I thought each instant would be my last. After vainly trying to
reach his body in order to sting him, I gave over and endeavored to free
myself. What with the buzzing of many pairs of wings in his ears, and the pain
from the stings, he fled like the wind. Presently, however, he stopped suddenly
and tried to reach me with his claws. Then he did his best to crush me with his
teeth, snarling and whining betimes. He did crush some of my brother guards;
but I was just back of his ears, and he could not reach me. However, I may add
I almost wished he had, for his breath was horrible. I never could abide the
breath of any living thing.
Soon he gave over and set out running again at top speed. I had abandoned
myself for lost, when a bush scraped me out of my entanglement and I fell half
dead to the ground. But the would-be robber never stopped, for I could hear
the brush rattling in his wake. He still fled incontinently, as though he feared
another attack, as though his very life depended on his rate of speed.
I lay there for a moment, scarcely able to move. But what could I do? The
moon was still bright, but bright as it was, the way back home was dark.
Instinctively, I turned to a friendly bush and made my way to the topmost
branch, and there I planted myself for the rest of the night.
The wind was blowing lustily. I did not like the threshing back and forth of the
branches in the gloom, with the chance of being knocked off at any moment. I
could not think calmly of crawling on the ground, for Crip had told me this was
a thing to be avoided at all hazards. Scorpions and beetles and toads and
snakes made the night perilous. So I clung to the branch with all my might.
Now and again a pause in the wind would allow me to look up at the stars
through the screen of leaves—and how dear and wonderful they were! Long
ago I had thought how beautiful it must be up there in the blue space, fretted
with tiny lights no bigger than the candle burning in the window of the Master’s
house. And even then, as I turned, I could see his lamp, and I almost started to
fly toward it. There was a fascination in its beams which I could scarcely resist.
Always, when on guard duty, at any hour of the night, I had been able to see
his light and to hear the bark of his dog. He seemed never to sleep—or if he
slept the lamp and the dog kept watch over him.
The blustering wind finally had compassion on me and ceased altogether.
There came a silence that was more than silence. I felt it oppressive. Then, as
if a pause had been made for them, the crickets and katydids began a frightful
chattering, which was punctuated betimes by the far hooting of an owl. The air
grew chilly, and I began to feel cold and stiff, and held none too securely to my
bush. It was a fortunate thing, I thought, that the wind had died away.
How tired I was! This had been one of the hardest days of my life. As I
reflected on it, it seemed very long ago that it began; and I heartily wished for
the dawn. I must have drowsed awhile, for when again I looked about me a
mellow light brooded on the horizon and a great star beamed above it. Soon
wide streams of gold flowed across the pale-blue sky, quenching the fires of
the stars. Then, as if in compensation for their loss, fleecy Gulf clouds caught
the early rays of the sun and filled the world with showers of rainbow lights.
Presently I could see well enough to rise on my wings, and in spite of the
chill in the air, up I went until I got my bearings. A strange fit seized me. “Fly to
the sun!” I heard in my ears; and off I went. Up and up I flew—higher and
higher—until below me I could scarcely see the white houses of the apiary
where I lived and the white house of the Master. But under me the waters of
Lake Espantoso glimmered like a mirror, and in the dark fringe of trees that
bordered it I remembered a swarm of my little brothers had taken refuge, and I
wondered how they fared. Far as I could see stretched the undulating hills over
which I had flown in search of treasure—hills now clad in their robes of
autumn. A fragrance reached me at this great height, which came from I knew
not where.
I had wheeled about and started home, when I caught sight of the Master
wandering dreamily in his garden. Then immediately I knew that the fragrance
came from his beautiful roses. Many a time had I flown over the place,
marveling at the flowers. Indeed, I had gathered honey from the honeysuckle
that climbed on the walls of his house and from the crêpe-myrtle hard by. But
the roses—ah, the roses! I loved to drop into their hearts and to breathe the
sweet breath of their lives. So again, without thinking, I flew down and down
until I reached the garden and sank into a rose to rest. I felt tired, ever so tired.
When I emerged there was the Master fondling a rose; I circled slowly past him
and around him. He saw me at once, and a tender look came into his eyes.
Reluctantly I left him caressing his roses, and flew rapidly home.
 CHAPTER SIXTEEN
TIDINGS OF WOE

It was still so early that a chill enveloped the world and the workers awaited
the sun. I rushed to where I knew I should find Crip, and breathlessly began
the narrative of my adventure.
“I know just about what happened,” he ventured, when he had expressed his
joy at seeing me, for he knew that I had been on duty and that a number of the
guards had been lost. “I wept not a little for you. Yes, it was a racoon,” he
repeated. “You will remember I told you about them. They are crazy over
honey.”
He was deeply interested in the account of my mad and unwilling ride.
Then I told him of my visit to the garden, and of the Master. He made no
reply, but presently asked:
“What do you know of the Master?”
“Little—very little.”
“Do you know that lately I’ve been wondering whether I have been fair to
him? Once I was perfectly sure that he was an enemy to be fought on all
occasions, that he made use of us only for selfish ends. Now I am beginning to
think I was wrong. While he has taken our honey, he has always left us
enough. Last winter, I am told, he actually brought a lot of honey and gave it to
the colonies that had none. Besides, before we came in contact with men, we
lived in caves and hollow trees, exposed to all manner of enemies. It is
different now.”
We were still busy talking when the signal for work rang through the hive,
and both Crip and I made our way to the front. And, as many times before, we
rose from the board together and flew at once to the field of broomweed. Side
by side we ranged, visiting many of the tiny yellow flowers ere we were laden.
Everything was now painfully dry, and it was all too evident that the honey flow
was over. Try as hard as we might, we gathered only a few loads a day. And
Crip remarked how short the days were and how far into the south the sun had
drifted. Then, besides, we were obliged to leave off earlier, on account of the
cold.
“The leaves are all turning red and brown and yellow,” said Crip, as we flew
homeward. “This is the melancholy time I’ve heard about. Even the wind
seems sad and loiters around bush and tree as though he feared his caressing
touch might hasten the down-dropping of the stricken leaves. Happy, I’m sad,
too.”
I could only answer him that I of all bees was one of the most unhappy. And
at the moment I was stricken with a feeling of homesickness, as though I, too,
were bound on a journey toward the setting sun, or as though an unmeasured
catastrophe impended.
 As we neared home we saw the Master and his little Shadow seated by our
hive, and near them, sprawling on the ground, the faithful dog. The Master was
watching the incoming bees. Well he knew by the burdens they bore the
condition of the fields.
“The workers are coming home very light,” remarked the Shadow. “Just a
little bread.”
“The season is ended,” murmured the Master. “Soon they will go indoors and
rest through the cold. We must come presently and take off the empty uppers,
so as to concentrate the heat of the cluster. In that way they will conserve their
stores. The cluster, you know, son, is formed by the bees covering over the
brood and hanging on to one another so as to keep themselves and the young
bees warm.”
Crip and I deposited our loads and then returned to the alighting-board, but
the speakers had gone. We could hear the Master singing in his garden; and
from a mesquite-tree hard by a mocking-bird answered him. All too soon he
ceased; and the bird, after trilling a few wild refrains, as though to coax him to
return, dropped into silence. For a time not a sound was heard, then the bird
broke out again in a most plaintive song. He seemed to summon his phrases
from the depths of despair.
Twilight had now quite engulfed the world. Crip, who had been for a time
very still, began to stir restlessly.
“Happy, that is my passing song. How could the bird have known that this
very night I shall cleave the air for the last time? Yes, I mean it. Please don’t
interrupt me. The year has gone—I have done my work. I am a cripple, and my
wings are tattered. I shall be a burden, eating the food that may be needed ere
the harvest again is ripe. My time has come—and I must go into the dark. This
is the law. Why should not bees fly away and never return? How much grander
to pass away on the wing, hushed to sleep by the stars. How poor a thing it is
to cling to the combs until death shall drag one down to the earth, there to
embarrass one’s brothers.
“My work is done. My body is wrecked, and the golden call echoing from
eternity is in my ears. I must go. You, Happy, have much to do ere your time
shall come. But you will face life bravely.
“How can I thank you enough for having saved my life? Do you think I have
done well? Have I worked faithfully? Hero, you say? No, not a hero; but I have
tried to do the things that came to my hand; and that is all that one can do.
That sums up the true meaning of life—service and duty done.
“Hear the bird! What a song for the night! Ah, but what music I shall hear
soon when I fly out across the spaces of light! I am ready. I love you. Farewell
—farewell.”
Crip had turned about for the last time, and was ready to go, when a
heartrending cry woke the innermost caverns of the hive. He staggered a little,
for he knew its meaning. I stood puzzled and amazed.
“What is it?” I begged of him.
“The worst of news—our Queen is dead!” he echoed.
“Let us go to her at once.”
In we went, and while I was shaken by the news which I did not fully
comprehend, I was sobered and silent. I should probably have had no thought
of death at all had I known what lay before us, the midnight ways we were to
tread.
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