ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res.

12(12), 47-60

Journal Homepage: -www.journalijar.com

Article DOI:10.21474/IJAR01/19996
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/19996

RESEARCH ARTICLE
TO EXPLORE AI “SORA” POSSIBLEMULTI-DIMENSIONALINFLUENCESON THE
FUTUREEDUCATION INDUSTRY, SHORT-VIDEO INDUSTRY, FILM INDUSTRY AND ROBOTICS
INDUSTRY

Liu Yonggang, Hapini Awang and Nur Suhaili Mansor

Institute for Advanced and Smart Digital Opportunities, School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Manuscript Info Abstract
……………………. ………………………………………………………………
Manuscript History In February 2024, OpenAI released Sora (a new Generative Artificial
Received: 05 October 2024 Intelligence (GAI) model), which possessed some capabilities to
Final Accepted: 07 November 2024 generate photo-realistic, sequential, animating, high-quality, enriching,
Published: December 2024 or imaginative scenarios. In the context of the birth of Sora, this study
focuses on the potential influence of Sora on future multiple
Key words:-
AI, Sora, Influence, Industry, Robotics industries.The functional analysis method and literature method are used
for research. This study thinks that Sora will have an effect on the past
business model, stimulating the future short-video industry to display
more new paths.With the upgrading of Sora‘s capabilities, it will not
only substantially expand the future robot‘s perceptual capabilities, but
also bring the user with immersive experiences. Through gamified
teaching methods and intelligent learning solutions, Sora has the
potential to help students access more learning resources and increase
engagement and motivation. Sora will have a direct influence on a
number of aspects of the future film production industry, such as making
technologies, intrinsic patterns, sales volume and personnel composition.
Thesecontributions provide a theoretical and practical reference for
practitioners in the education industry, robotics industry, the film
industry and the short video industry. However, the study belongs to an
exploration study in which some opinions need to be repeatedly verified
by future researchers.

Copyright, IJAR, 2024,. All rights reserved.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Introduction:
In February 2024, OpenAI released Sora (a new Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) model), which possessed
some capabilities to generate photo-realistic, sequential, animating, high-quality, enriching, or imaginative scenarios
based on users‘ textual prompts, and surpassed certain limitations of shorter video fragments and simple visual
representations that were typical of traditional video generating techniques (Cho et al., 2024; Liu, Y. et al., 2024;
OpenAI, 2024; Wang et al., 2024). Sora, as a text-to-video generative model, represents another significant milestone
in the field of GAI after ChatGPT, and an important landmark in the era of imaginative AI (Cho et al., 2024; Liu, Y.
et al., 2024; Mogavi et al., 2024; Wang et al., 2024). From found literature and comparing available AI programs in
the market, it is inferred that Sora is the most advanced generative AI currently. Cho et al. (2024) thought that the
text-to-video generative model consists of two primary components: vision generator and language interpreter (e.g.
Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) Text Embedding and large-language models (LLMs)), and its
central techniques also involve convolutional neural network (ConvNet) and vision transformer (ViT). Sora provides

Corresponding Author:-Liu Yonggang 47

Address:-Institute for Advanced and Smart Digital Opportunities, School of Computing,
Universiti Utara Malaysia.
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numerous potential benefits in many aspects, such as text-to-image synthesis, rendering scenes, enhancing video
progression, unlocking imaginations, liberating innovations, improving visual consistency, storytelling creativity,
enriching details, decreasing production costs, text-guided editing and simulating physical world (Cho et al., 2024;
Liu, Y. et al., 2024; Mogavi et al., 2024; OpenAI, 2024; Wang et al., 2024). Currently, Sora is capable of generating
one-minute high-fidelity video derived from text, as well as extended video sequences with subtle movements and
interactive depictions, realizing smooth frame-to-frame transitions (Liu, Y. et al., 2024; OpenAI, 2024). With the
upgraded technologies and improved models, especially Sora‘s further deep integration with existing or upcoming
technologies in ChatGPT, machine learning (ML), Augmented Reality (AR), three-dimensional (3D) modeling,
multiple Algorithms, various robotics, Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Storage, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV),
Big Data, automatic-driving, virtual reality (VR), deep learning and so on, it is likely to have a far-reaching influence
on many industries including short-video, film-making, education, healthcare, industrial robotics, household robotics,
arithmetic, journalism and many others in the future. However, there are still relatively few cross-sectional and
comprehensive studies that apply functional analysis methodology to study the potential influence of Sora on different
industries, especially the paucity of attention to career planning, employment environment, computability, capital
flowing, and the stock market. Meanwhile, different aspects of Sora‘s implications for diverse industries, such as
education, healthcare, marketing, short-video, film-making and others remain somewhat controversial and inadequate,
which need to be further strengthened. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to fulfill the above-mentioned gaps.

Literature Review:
Sora, as a representative of GAI, has attracted widespread attentions in numerous fields like Film and Television (Lin
et al., 2024; Quiroga, 2024; Zhang & Xu, 2024), social media (Mogavi et al., 2024), Intelligent Vehicles (Li et al.,
2024; Yu et al., 2024), education (Adetayo et al., 2024; Cheung et al., 2024; Jiao & Huang, 2024; Liu, Y. et al., 2024),
healthcare (Waisberg et al., 2024), Digital Humanities Services (Liu, J. et al., 2024b), ophthalmology (Waisberg et al.,
2024) and Smart Mining (Xie et al., 2024). Yin & Chen (2024) considered that the history of GAI technology can be
traced back to the 1950s with Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). Based on
electronic deliberations in Reddit, Mogavi et al. (2024) investigated the public‘s considerations for Sora. Cho et al.
(2024) emphasized the advancement of scalability and generalizability and pointed out the difficulties of eliminating
object hallucinations, processing multi-entity physical interactions, and understandingcausal-effect about the state-of-
the-art Sora model. In the background of Sora shock, Zhang and Chen (2024) discussed the relational practices and
structural transformations of Gatekeeping Theory in the age of GAI. From a communication standpoint, Fang and
Zhong (2024) highlighted that Sora marked the tipping point of automating media productions and unifying media
forms, ushering in another ―Gutenberg moment‖ in the history of human communication. Through a few emblematic
case studies, Yu et al. (2024) showcased the likelihood of Sora-Based Parallel Vision being deployed in Smart
Sensing of Intelligent Vehicles, as well as its futuristic research orientations. Notably, Kustudic and Mvondo (2024)
discussed Sora‘s some unimaginable prospects in film-making, education, advertising and other areas, as well as
potential challenges. From the preceding descriptions, it is unsurprising that Sora has captured a considerable degree
of attention from various industries and some pioneering research has already been conducted.

There are also several researchers who have studied Sora from other angles, for example: Human-Computer
Interaction (HCI) (Mogavi et al., 2024), Sora-enabled artificiofactual experiments (Qin et al., 2024), Misinformation
(Edwards, 2024), Solipsism (Quiroga, 2024), Challenges (Kyrie Zhixuan Zhou et al., 2024; Kustudic& Mvondo, 2024)
or opportunities (Kustudic& Mvondo, 2024). Leveraging information from publicly available technical publications
and the process of reverse engineering, Liu, Y. et al. (2024) examined Sora‘s backgrounds and fundamental
technologies. In conjunction with Fernand Braudel‘s Theory, Fang and Zhong (2024) divided the divergent
evaluations surrounding Sora into three points. Moreover, Zhang (2024) philosophized about Sora from the
perspective of the Theory of Productive Imagination. Therefore, these researchers have undertaken studies about Sora
from different viewpoints, which will provide valuable references and insights for the following research.

In January 2021, OpenAI launched the first version of DALL-E. In 2022, DALL-E 2 arrived, with 4x more resolution
and the ability to produce pristine, realistic images and artifacts based on textual depictions (OpenAI, 2024). While,
Sora adopted the technology of DALL-E 3, which is capable of understanding more nuances and details (OpenAI,
2024). ChatGPT was another important technical foundation for Sora, which already had many competencies in
human-computer interaction, logical inferencing, data preprocessing, computer code writing, model training,
mathematical calculations, and so forth (Hassani & Silva, 2023; Liu, Y. et al., 2024b; OpenAI, 2024). Consequently,
DALL-E 3 and ChatGPT were two non-negligible fundaments that supported Sora‘s emergence.

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Over the past few years, besides the diffusion model, there were several other well-known models thatwere
variational autoencoder (VAE), Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Autoregressive Models (Cho et al.,
2024). The Diffusion Model, renowned for its superior resolution and fidelity, quickly became the dominant force in
the realm of image generation (Wang et al., 2024). For the diffusion model, the denoising diffusion probabilistic
model (DDPM) and denoising diffusion implicit model (DDIM) each held their advantages (Cho et al., 2024). What‘s
more, Liu Y. et al. (2024) argued that Sora‘s text-to-video creation was proceeded by diffusion transformer models,
which had been demonstrated to own the abilities of scalability and effectiveness in dealing with various natural
languages. Mogavi et al. (2024) also emphasized that the core technology of Sora was the diffusion model, which
optimized initial inputs to deliver visually distinct and logical conclusions. While Waisberg et al. (2024) believed that
Sora’s technique underpinning was built upon Large Language Models (LLMs) and artificial video generation
technologies. Actually, video generation models were derived from imagination generation models, since videos
basically were comprised by a series of images that adhered to a specific temporal consistency criterion (Cho et al.,
2024). Thus, the diffusion model probably contributed significantly to Sora‘s creation. Text-to-video generation has
made significant progress by utilizing diffusion models.

Before Soar, Midjourney (another GAI) focused on enhancing and transforming images, utilizing state-of-the-art
image processing algorithms to modify and stylize visuals, with the ability to shift colors, employ artistic filters and
add special effects to create unique optical experiences (Hu, 2024). Borrowing the experience of Sora-inspired
multimodal learning, Yang et al. (2024) proposed a Video AI Agent, which had compatibility with current
sophisticated diffusion techniques and could wonderfully utilize leading and trailing keyframes. After
experimentation, Liu, Y. et al. (2024) discovered that Sora exhibited a distinct superiority in uniformly cropped
square videos when compared with another training model. Moreover, Hu (2024) marveled that Sora was
distinguishable by its astonishing realism (Hu, 2024). Besides, Wang et al. (2024) summarized a sketchy history of
video generation and representational models (Figure 1) (more details and explanations can be found in that literature).

Fig. 1: A sketchy history of video generation and representational models. Adopted from Wang et al. (2024).

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Because OpenAI did not release the model infrastructure for Sora, Cho et al. (2024) described Sora similarly relying
on a published technology report. Sora harnessed spacetime latent patches as the fundamental components to boost
the computational efficiency of video creation (Liu, Y. et al., 2024). For the evaluation approach, text-to-video
generation models usually employed assessment metrics to quantify their generating effectiveness, for example:
Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Fréchet Inception Distance (FID), Fréchet Video Distance (FVD), Text-Vision
Comprehension (e.g., CLIP Score), Human Perception (Cho et al., 2024). In this section, the primary concerns are the
possible modeling frameworks for Sora and the evaluation methods for text-to-video generation models.

In the realm of information systems, the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) was
implemented to identify factors influencing consumers‘ willingness to adopt Sora (Mvondo & Niu, 2024). After
collecting data from 940 respondents, Mvondo and Niu (2024) proved that Perceived Realism (PR) and Novelty
Value (NV) were the most significant elements influencing users‘ intention to adopt Sora. With regard to sampling
methods, the snowball sampling technique (Cho et al., 2024) and the purposive sampling method (Mvondo & Niu,
2024) were deployed for Sora-related studies. Even though UTAUT2 has been employed to analyze users‘ acceptance
of Sora, information systems theoretical models are far from sufficiently researched and many gaps still exist.

However, reviewing history literature, functional analysis methodology has not been utilized sufficiently. Previous
studies have paid little attention to the implications of Sora for capital flows and stock markets, and there has been a
paucity of discussion of career planning and the employment environment. Although past research has touched on
some aspects of Sora‘s impact on industries such as film-making, short-form video, education, healthcare, libraries,
Intelligent Vehicles, journalism and so forth, it is still incomprehensive and inadequate and needs to be explored
further. Prior analyses of Sora‘s functions and influences contain some inconsistencies and controversies that require
further study.

Research Methodology:
The functional analysis method is a research methodology used by natural and social sciences to analyze natural and
social phenomena, which derives from structural-functional theory, and its principal steps include: clarifying analysis
objects, internal functional analysis, external functional analysis and so on (Cone, 1997; Hanley et al., 2003; Iwata et
al., 2000; Mbalib, 2024; Moore et al., 2002). The functional analysis method has been applied in several
investigations (Cone, 1997; Hagopian et al., 1997; Hanley et al., 2003; Iwata et al., 2000; Moore et al., 2002; Pelios et
al., 1999). Until 3 June 2024, since Sora is still in the stage of internal testing and only availability to specific
populations, which is not yet accessible to the public, the Functional Analysis Method is the most suitable research
methodology for this study based on Sora‘s published functionalities and historical literatures. In addition, because
the specific technical details of Sora have not yet been published and the exact implications are not yet clear, an
exploratory approach was also used in this study. Sora‘s research procedure in the present study is roughly divided
into the following phases (Table 1).

Table 1:Research Procedures.

Step 1: Searching, filtering, refining and analyzing Sora-related literature,

exploring Sora‘s internal technical mechanisms and writing the literature review.

Step 2: Clarifying the analysis object and identifying Sora‘s original design
PHASE I:
purpose and design philosophy.
Identifying gaps and objectives
Step 3: Identifying gaps, stating problems, and formulating research questions
and research objectives.

Step 4: Analyzing Sora‘s internal main functions. Examining the

PHASE II:
internal
Analyzing Sora‘s Internal
Step 5: Analyzing Sora‘s internal sub-functions. components of
Functions
Sora
PHASE III: Step 6: Exploring Sora‘s external functions and external influences.
Analyzing Sora‘s External
Functions and Conclusions Step 7: Conclusions and future research orientations

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Analyzing Sora’s Internal and External Functions

Sora has some remarkable internal and external functions, such as: generating longer video from text; relatively
strong video generation capabilities; rendering functions, creating multi-shots in a singly generated video, which will
be discussed in the following.

Generating longervideo from text

Sora is a GAI model capable of generating lifelike and imaginative visual representations based on textual prompts
from users and creating up to one-minute-long high-quality videos (OpenAI, 2024). For instance, OpenAI‘s official
website exhibited one case of generative video (Figure 2): a fashionable woman elegantly walking along a street
while wearing a black leather jacket, a lengthy red dress, and a pair of sunglasses. Combining multimodal data
integration and deep natural language processing capabilities, Sora transforms creators‘ ambiguous data inputs
including text, images, and video into vivid and tangible visual creations (He & Dong, 2024). At the point of release,
Sora was the most high-profile and cutting-edge Text-to-Video (T2V) model in the world at that time. Generating
video from text is the most important function of the current Sora. With future technologies are upgraded and
innovations are updated, GAI, as represented by Sora, may become so capable that not only will it be able to generate
longer and higher quality videos, but it is also expected to have a profound influence on multitudinous industries and
technological integration in the future.

Fig. 2: A fashionable woman elegantly walking along a street while wearing a black leather jacket, a lengthy red
dress, and a pair of sunglasses.

Relatively strong video generation capabilities

In terms of generation abilities, Sora can generate relatively long and complete videos at once and can expand
generated videos (OpenAI, 2024). In the training process, Sora initially reduces the size of videos by compressing
them into a low-dimensional Latent Space from spatial dimension to temporal dimension (Wang et al., 2024).
Contemporaneously, Sora can efficiently arrange Gaussian noise blocks in a spatial grid within a specific timeframe,
generate images of various sizes and resolutions up to 2048×2048, and produce graceful videos with rich content and
smooth behaviors (Yin & Chen, 2024). Judging by the generated accomplishments, the majority of Sora‘s video clips
exhibited smooth and clear visuals, devoid from abnormal or strange scenarios, and they correspond nicely to
conventional expectations (Wang et al., 2024). All these indicate that Sora already has a relatively strong video
generation capability, which lays the foundation for future higher quality, higher fluency and higher resolution video
generation techniques.

Generated videos have an in-depth understanding of natural language

Sora possesses a profound comprehension of natural language, allowing it to precisely grasp cues and create
captivating characters that effectively convey emotional feelings (OpenAI, 2024). With deep learning and semantic
analysis technology, Sora is able to accurately capture and decode the meanings of input instructions, offering more

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flexibility and customization options for video creation to suit individual creative requirements (OpenAI, 2024; Yin &
Chen, 2024). Besides, Sora also displayed exceptional proficiency in comprehending and carrying out intricate human
directives with precision (Liu, Y. et al., 2024). When it comes to understanding natural language, Sora outperforms
the vast majority of previous T2V models, demonstrating exceptional comprehension and transformation of
corresponding video outputs based on textual commands.

Rendering functions
Over the past few years, the techniques or algorithms related to rendering such as deep neural networks (DNNs)
(Kato et al., 2020), Neural Lumigraph Rendering (Kellnhofer et al., 2021), Volume Rendering of Neural Implicit
Surfaces (Yariv et al., 2021), rasterization of rendering algorithm (Tewari et al., 2022) and others have made great
progress. Even though OpenAI has not yet announced specific rendering techniques, Sora has demonstrated
impressive rendering capabilities, for instance: 1. it can render specific scenes and make various objects blend
together; 2. presenting obscure geographic concepts as stereoscopic 3D presentations; 3. higher optical quality and
eye-catching optical coherence; 4. exhibiting subtle changes in the trajectories of objects and scene interactions
(Guo et al., 2024; Liu, Y. et al., 2024; OpenAI, 2024). Sora overcame the constraints of shorter segments and
simpler visual rendering characterized by previous video generation models and enhanced the progressive feeling
and optical coherence among frames, elevating the user‘s personalized visual impression (Guo et al., 2024; Liu, Y.
et al., 2024). Hence, Sora‘s powerful rendering abilities are a significant factor in its ability to transcend previous
T2V models, which also set up the conditions for Sora‘s external influences it will produce.

Generating complex scenes

As OpenAI said, Sora was able to create complex sceneries containing several characters, certain sorts of movements,
and precise details about the theme and setting, depending on its in-depth understanding of the user‘s instructions.
Meanwhile, Sora can generate multi-shots inside a single produced video, identifying the complex interactions among
the various elements of the scene, while balancing abundance, multiplicity, narrative, and fluidity (Liu, Y. et al., 2024;
OpenAI, 2024; Yin & Chen, 2024). Just like the picture (Figure 3) illustrates, a group of paper aeroplanes flew
through the woods like migratory birds. As the camera undergoes movement and rotation, the characters and elements
of the tableau maintain continuous motion inside a three-dimensional world, which suggests that Sora actually
possesses the inherent ability to comprehend and generate inside the Spatial-Temporal realm (Wang et al., 2024).
Thus, Sora can generate complex scenes with multi-subjects, multi-cameras and multi-activations, contributing
substantially to the subsequent evolution of generative video.

Fig.3: A group of paper aeroplanes generated by Sora.

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Ensuring subject stability

Through providing Sora with the ability to anticipate many frames simultaneously, OpenAI successfully addressed a
difficult issue of maintaining the consistency of the subject even when it momentarily disappears from vision
(OpenAI, 2024). This function compensates for the deficiency of common models in which the subject changes after
the camera switch.

Generating some historical or imaginary future scenarios

In response to textual suggestions, Sora could generate footage in specific historical periods, for example, some
scenes of people‘s lives during the Gold Rush (Figure 4). Thanks to a fertile imagination, Sora can also generate
scenarios of certain cities in the future (Figure 5). These indicate that Sora has some understanding of history and can
imagine future scenarios to a certain extent.

Fig.4: Some scenes of people‘s lives during the Gold Rush.

Fig.5: Scenarios of certain cities in the future.

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Creating multi-shots in a singly generated video

Sora has the ability to produce several shots in one video that faithfully maintain the personalities and visual aesthetic
(OpenAI, 2024). Sora enabled camera switching without human intervention, seamlessly connecting different
segments of video and simulating real shooting effects to enhance video enjoyment and immersion, bringing a richer
and more dynamic approach to video performance (He & Dong, 2024). Sora‘s ability to create multi-shots in one
generated video not only adds to the dynamics and watchability, but also contributes to footage switching and three-
dimensionality.

Other abilities or functions

Sora is the inaugural visual model to demonstrate verified emergent abilities, representing a noteworthy achievement
in the realm of computer vision (Liu, Y. et al., 2024; OpenAI, 2024). Sora also owns more remarkable talents such as
the capacity to follow instructions, visual prompt engineering and comprehend videos, which reflects notable progress
in the field of vision (Liu, Y. et al., 2024). At this point, there are still more functions about Sora that need to be
explored further. In addition, in the future, Sora‘s abilities for learning, growth, and compatibility with other
technologies should not be underestimated.

Partial techniques
Sora is a diffusion model that can generate videos by using available still images and progressively transforming the
video by eliminating noise in multiple stages (OpenAI, 2024). This model could supplement missing frames and
broaden the user‘s brief prompts with attention to the details therein (OpenAI, 2024; Wang et al., 2024). Sola took full
advantages of DALL·E and GPT model‘s previous research, for example, DALL·E 3‘s recaptioning technology
(OpenAI, 2024). Wang et al. (2024) thought that Sora employed a Diffusion Transformer (DiT), which integrated the
positive aspects of the Diffusion Model and Transformer. On the one hand, the Diffusion Model, which based on
probability theory, equipped with capabilities of creating excellent generating quality and high-resolution; on the
other hand, Transformers have showcased impressive ability in large language models (LLMs), where their attention
mechanism efficiently captures and models distant relationships in spatiotemporal sequential data (Wang et al., 2024).
Hence, knowing the technologies employed by Sora will help in understanding how it works and its intrinsic
functionality, facilitating the study of its potential influences.

Exploring Sora’s Potential Influences for Some Future Industries

Video diffusion models, such as Sora, are becoming a leading technology and are being adopted quickly in multiple
academic domains and industries (Liu, Y. et al., 2024). The ramifications of this technology go well beyond simple
video generation, with AI-generated video instruments accelerating commercialization and having far-reaching
implications across a spectrum of societal sectors (Liu, Y. et al., 2024; Wang et al., 2024). The following part focuses
on analyzing some of Sora‘s potential implications.

Short-Video making industry

Traditional video manufacturing requires the co-operation of scriptwriters, directors, cameramen, actors and other
parties, which is time-consuming and costly (Chen, 2024). While Sora dramatically lowers the technical barriers and
threshold standards for creating professional visual components, enabling non-professional producers to generate
high-quality visual products with simple textual instructions (Yin & Chen, 2024). In fields like advertising, social
media, and short videos, AI-generated videos are expected to lower the barrier to short video creation and improve
efficiency (Wang et al., 2024). Sora optimizes the video production process, shortening the time from inception to
production, alleviating the burden on resources, and making the knowledge production industry more agile to meet
market dynamics and consumer requirements (Yin & Chen, 2024). In social media, users can rapidly generate videos
with personal elements to express their emotions, share their lives and participate in activities, which will greatly
change the way of social information acquisition and social communication, and reshape the social interaction mode
and the construction paradigm of interactions (He & Dong, 2024). Based on the existing literature and the features of
the short-video industry over the past years, the short-video platforms are likely to see more AI-generated videos for a
certain period of time and the short-video industry may usher in a few new rounds of generative AI video tides. The
boom of AI-generated short videos, represented by Sora, could have a significant influence on the previous ways of
video making, the cost structure and the benefits landscape. It will also accelerate the application and roll-out of
digital people and AI hosts. According to the video published by OpenAI, Sora can generate videos that are ‗hilarious,
bizarre, non-conventional, irregular, illogical or whimsical‘, and as the model is updated and the technology is
upgraded, these videos may be preferred by part of the netizens. It is possible that in the short term there will be a
group of ‗dark horse‘ AI creators who receive a high number of likes. The rise of AI-generated short-videos could

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have an impact on diffusion of ideas, knowledge-sharing pathways and life diversifications. Some personalized AI
videos that are close to people‘s feelings, reflect real lives or compensate for the missing of reality might appear. In
the short term, short-video platforms will remain favorably stimulated, but may be affected by various uncertainties in
the long term. Sora may also have an effect on the past business model, stimulating the short-video industry to display
more new paths and business models.

Film industryand television industry

Traditionally, making a cinematic masterpiece was a costly and time-consuming ordeal, necessitating state-of-the-art
tools and a hefty budget (Liu, Y. et al., 2024). Sora possesses the capability to transform conventional film
manufacturing procedures by diminishing dependence on physical filming, scene assembly, and special effects,
thereby cutting production expenses (Wang et al., 2024). Not only that, but Sora also stands out for its smooth
transitions, visual elements and stylistic unification, laying the foundation for creating continuous, dynamic and
sophisticated films and videos (Zhang & Xu, 2024). It enables screenwriters and creative workers to convert written
scripts into videos, facilitating the effective presentation and dissemination of their creative ideas (Liu, Y. et al., 2024).
Visual effects (VFX) and special effects for film and television (TV) often involve a number of complicated steps
such as digital twins, 3D model creation, texturing, lighting, interpretation and rendering (Zhang & Xu, 2024). The
advancements exemplified by Sora‘s capacity to effortlessly produce engaging film content signify a crucial turning
point in the democratization of film production (Liu, Y. et al., 2024). Meanwhile, Sora helps to foster Human-
Machine Co-Creation and to bring the dream of ‗throw into a novel and outcomes a blockbuster‘ so close to reality
(Li & Tao, 2024). Zhu and Wang (2024) think that Sora will allow more small production companies and independent
producers to enter the field of film and television production, and promote the diversification of the film and
television industry. Furthermore, the Sora helps to foster Human-Machine Co-Creation and to bring the dream of
‗throw into a novel and outcomes a blockbuster‘ so close to reality (Li & Tao, 2024). Besides, Sora not only
contributes to assisting both independent developers and large studios (Mogavi et al., 2024), but also helps to promote
the convergence and balance between intelligent generative technology and artistic authenticity (Zhang & Xu, 2024).
Through sorting through the literature of Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and CNKI, it can be found that up
to now, the film industry‘s literature related to Sora is one of the relatively more frequent types, probably due to the
fact that the emergence of Sora will have a direct influence on a number of aspects of the film production industry,
such as making technologies, intrinsic patterns, sales volume and personnel composition. If Sora‘s current version and
future updated technologies are as advertised, it is likely to profoundly transform the existing landscape of the film
industry. Compared to previous AIs, Sora exhibits a certain degree of progressiveness in various respects, like scene
articulation, style conversion, ambient rendering, deep field editing, point-of-view switching, background noise
reduction and so on. Common personalities are also expected to realize their dreams of becoming the hero or heroine
in a film or TV series. Hollywood is also likely to be directly affected. Another noteworthy point, T2V represented by
Sora has greatly fueled the rising trend of private customization and exclusivity, in which they allow individuals to
create unique and captive videos according to their own preferences, personality characteristics, wishes, etc., and even
generating many ridiculous, bizarre, irrational, illogical, and whimsical videos. This study considers that Generative
Artificial Intelligence, represented by Sora, will have an irreversible impact and far-reaching influence on the film and
TV industry.

Robotics industry
As a prolongation of Distributed/Decentralized Hybrid Workshop (TIV-DHW) on Scenarios Engineering (SE), Li et
al. (2024) examine Sora‘s possibility to transform the scenario generation process by minimizing physical shooting
and enhancing extreme scenario creation. With the advancement and popularization of Sora, more intelligent devices
are integrating voice interaction, gesture interaction and other interaction modes gradually, which opens up more
possibilities for the emerging applications of intelligent terminals (He & Dong, 2024). Big models have a tendency to
replace some of the human functions with their powerful knowledge to deal with a wide variety of situations (Yu &
Chen, 2024). Incorporating technologies such as Sora into robotics has the potential to lead to breakthroughs, for
example, robots that can seamlessly navigate and interact with their surroundings (Liu, Y. et al., 2024). More than that,
as the level of anthropomorphism increases, AI showcases a human touch that allows it to more deeply and
effectively comfort relationship-harmed individuals (Yu & Chen, 2024). In the future, if Sora is combined with three-
dimensional (3D) principles, VR, AR and other techniques, it will be possible to realize highly simulated spatial
reconstruction, 3D virtual simulation of space construction, and greatly expand the robot‘s capabilities and boundaries,
as well as promote the intelligent upgrading of the robots. Especially when future Sora converges and develops with
various types of robotics or application scenarios such as industrial robots, family robots, healthcare robots, service
robots, companion robots, etc., the robotics industry will usher in a new wave of great explosion.

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With the upgrading of Sora‘s simulation capabilities, it may be possible in the future to work with other technologies
to simulate the real natural climate, the undulating lands, the diversified forests, dynamic transportation, stereoscopic
cities and other sophisticated scenarios and external environments, which will not only substantially expand the
robot‘s perceptual capabilities, but also bring the user with immersive experiences that eliminate the constraints of
time and space. However, the process of robot intelligence may have a considerable impact on traditional jobs that are
low-tech, low-skilled, highly repetitive and too replaceable. Generative AI, as exemplified by Sora, may have an
important influence on, or even guide, the future career plans of many people. Some students may avoid choosing a
major that is vulnerable to AI. For young people who have already entered society, there may also be a ―baton‖ effect,
and some young people may consider learning about generative AI or attending corresponding training. In contrast,
some young people may also show signs of ―lagging behind‖ by refusing to learn new technologies and skills. How to
adapt to the development tendency of AI society is still a long-term topic that deserves to be explored.

In the case of industrial robots, if Sora provides intelligent collaboration technologies, it can enable multiple industrial
robots to work in a coordinated way, working together to accomplish intricate tasks, thereby increasing productivity
and facilitating industrial automation. With the addition of machine learning algorithms, Sora may be able to support
energy-saving algorithms, material optimization, thus permitting industrial robots to achieve higher outputs with
fewer resources, assisting companies in achieving their sustainability targets. Through continuous refinement of task
routes and procedures, and expansion of flexibility and adaptability, Sora+ industrial robots might be widely used in
the future in a wide range of industries such as automotive manufacturing, food processing, medical devices
processing, electronic assemblies and many others.

On top of technological tools from ChatGPT, Sora and others, future families‘ robots will most likely integrate more
advanced AI systems and natural language processing (NLP) technologies, which will result in robots that are more
fluent in understanding complex commands or conversing with family members. Different types of family robots are
poised to break out in the coming years, for example: future companion robots, kitchen robots, cleaning robots,
elderly robots, family healthcare robots, family education robots, entertainment robots. These family robots are
anticipated to seamlessly link with smart home appliances, smart curtains, smart lights, thermostats, humidifiers,
security systems, and other devices for more intelligent management. For example, the centralized AI system
intelligently adjusts the room temperature, automatically moderates the ventilation system, switches the curtains on
and off automatically, reminds the weather conditions at the appropriate time, voluntarily controls the indoor
humidity, intelligently recommends different types of food, smartly counsels the children‘s homework, and wisely
recommends the suitable exercise, etc., based on the owner's commands and habits. Family robots can sense the
sentiments of family members and respond appropriately, such as by comforting or teasing. Under the influence of AI,
future family scenes may perhaps realize intelligent transition, for instance, ―Cinema Mode‖, ―Sleep Mode‖, ―Parent-
Child Mode‖, ―Couple Mode‖, ―Work Mode‖, ―Leisure Mode‖, ―Entertainment Mode‖, ―Sports Mode‖ and so on.

For many difficult knowledge and hard-to-solve problems, family AI education robots can also play a role. Some
children may face difficulties in grasping what they have learned, and some of this knowledge is even more difficult
than the parents‘ level of knowledge. While many parents are willing to invest a relatively large amount of money,
time, and energy in their children. Thus, in part of the family (not all), there is one contradiction between the level of
parental hunger for their children‘s desirable knowledge and the inadequate realistic knowledge received by the
children to meet parental expectations. Updated Sora and ChatGPT technologies may support educational robots to
analyze students‘ learning habits, personalized advantages and knowledge mastery through artificial intelligence to
provide tailored learning plans, for example, it adjusts the difficulty of tasks in real-time and focuses on weak areas.
They can also motivate educational robots to be compatible with a wide range of subject contents (e.g., linguistics,
math, English, programming, science, logic, economics, philosophy), creating immersive learning experiences, such
as immersing students in the evolution of plants and animals, the orbit of the universe, the rotation of the earth, the
formation of rainwater, etc. Future family AI education robots can also make learning lively and interesting through
multimodal interactions (voice, vision, touch), for example, vocal quizzes, on-the-fly feedback or reward mechanisms
to inspire interests in learning. With market needs and progress in artificial intelligence (e.g. ChatGPT, Sora), family
AI education robots will probably gain a new wave of growth.

Sora technology empowers family healthcare robots to quickly analyze patient data (e.g., medical history, test reports),
monitor patient vital symptoms (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose) in real-time, and deliver assisted
diagnostic recommendations. In terms of remote healthcare, the future Sora may be able to support healthcare robots
to collaborate telepathically with doctors through high-definition cameras and sensors to treat patients in

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geographically remote locations. Future family healthcare robots with Sora‘s technologies can help patients with
simple care tasks like washing assistance, pill reminders, mobility aids, ambulance calls, psychological comfort and
emotional solace and so on. Companion robots are also a non-negligible development direction. Sora‘s affective
computing technologies enable the companion robot to recognize the user‘s sentiments (through facial expressions,
intonation analysis, etc.) and respond properly, such as comforting, encouraging, or sharing lighthearted content.
Future family companion robots may be able to modify their actions based on family members‘ preferences and daily
routines, including but not limited to playing their favorite music for the elderly, telling bedtime stories for children,
guiding children to build blocks, or guessing riddles. Sora and other AI tech-enhanced companion robots are also
uniquely advantageous in a number of other facets, including helping elderly people who live alone to reduce
loneliness, connecting remotely to family members for video calls, and simulating conversations to alleviate anxiety.

Education industry
With the assistance of AI technologies such as Sora and ChatGPT, students‘ learning data (e.g., knowledge mastery,
speed of answering questions, error rate, interest preferences, etc.) can be more easily recorded and analyzed, so that
the difficulty of the course and the focus of knowledge points can be automatically adjusted according to the progress
of students‘ learning, and to ensure that each student can have a personalized learning path. Thanks to Sora‘s data
storage and analytics abilities, a student’s learning record can be maintained for a long time. If Sora incorporates
VR/AR into teaching, it may have many opportunities to bridge the gap between traditional resources and create
immersive learning experiences such as virtual laboratories, dynamic scene reconstructions, mechanical equipment
disassembly, and more. In the future, Sora may be able to generate personalized teaching materials for teachers based
on course syllabuses and a vast knowledge bank, thereby helping teachers reduce their repetitive workload and
increase their productivity. Through gamified teaching methods and intelligent learning solutions, Sora has the
potential to help students access more learning resources and increase engagement and motivation.

Some of the Challenges and Limitations

Sora is deficient in handling spatial details and accurately describing events that unfold over time (OpenAI, 2024).
Sora‘s performance in some technical areas still leaves something to be desired, for example: multiple entity dilution,
negligence in causal-effect ordering, the difficulty in interpreting non-linear viewpoint alteration, object suddenly
disappears hallucination, inability to follow motion harmonization (Cho et al., 2024). It still has flaws in time scales
(Wang et al., 2024), ambiguity of authorship (Zhang & Xu, 2024), infringement risk (Zhang & Xu, 2024), intellectual
property issues (Zhu & Wang, 2024) and so on. In addition, the future Sora may also be affected by multiple factors
such as Knowledge over-monopolization, external environment, uncontrollable power and its future direction still
needs a lot of exploration and empirical tests. However, this study is mainly based on previous literature,
characteristics of sora, and previous experience to make extrapolations, lack of sufficient data and strong evidence to
support, therefore, some points can not be guaranteed to be correct, and need to be repeatedly verified by future
researchers.

Conclusion:
Passive avoidance is not a long-term solution, active face and learning, active transformation, so as to better adapt to
the trend of the era. The future still faces great uncertainty and ambiguity. By strategically analyzing the potential
influence of Sora on the future of the short-video making industry, robotics industry, film industry and television
industry, this study delves into possible aspects of influence and pathways of action, and provides important insights
at both theoretical and practical levels. This study thinks that Sora will have a direct influence on a number of aspects
of the film production industry, such as making technologies, intrinsic patterns, sales volume and personnel
composition. With the upgrading of Sora‘s simulation capabilities, it will not only substantially expand the robot‘s
perceptual capabilities, but also bring the user with immersive experiences. Sora will have an effect on the past
business model, stimulating the short-video industry to display more new paths. Through gamified teaching methods
and intelligent learning solutions, Sora has the potential to help students access more learning resources and increase
engagement and motivation. This study provides a practical reference for practitioners in the robotics industry, the
film industry and the short video industry. However, this study belongs to an exploration study in which some points
need to be repeatedly verified by future researchers.

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