ASSIGNMENT-CHAPTER 10-GRADE 8

FRICTION

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I TOPIC: INTRODUCTION OF FRICTION

1. NCERT Q 3
Alida runs her toy car on dry marble floor, wet marble floor, newspaper and towel spread
on the floor. The force of friction acting on the car on different surfaces in increasing
order will be :
(a) Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper and towel.
(b) Newspaper, towel, dry marble floor, wet marble floor.
(c) Towel, newspaper, dry marble floor, wet marble floor.
(d) Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, towel, newspaper

ANSWER
The correct option is A
wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper and towel.
2. The diagram shows a skier being towed at a constant speed whilst sinking into the snow

State the name of each of the force A , B , C, and D

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 ANSWER
A air resistance
B Tension
C Weight
D Normal reaction / contact force in upward direction

3. Figure shows an aeroplane in air.

a) Identify the backward force marked X.

b) The aeroplane experiences a forward force of 3500N from the engine and a backward
force of 1200N. What is the net force acting on the aeroplane, both in magnitude and
direction?

ANSWER
a) drag or air resistance
b) 2300N to the left or in the direction of force from the engine.

4. A trailer of mass 400kg is pulled by a car of mass 1200kg. The diagram shows the
horizontal forces acting on the trailer.

a) What is another name of resistive force?

b) What is the unbalanced force acting on the car?

Answer
a) Friction force
b) 400 N

5. Iqbal has to push a lighter box and Seema has to push a similar heavier box on the
same floor. Who will have to apply a larger force and why?

ANSWER

Seema.This is because a heavier object is pressed harder against the surface and the
frictional force developed is larger.

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 6. A car starts from rest and rapidly increases speed. There is a forward force acting on the
car and backward force acting on the car from air resistance and friction.
Choose the force diagram and description that best describes the least opposing force
affecting the motion of the car.

Answer C as both forward and backward are of equal magnitude

II. TOPIC: CAUSE OF FRICTION
7. What are the causes of friction? Explain in detail.

REFER concept ppt

8. In real life scenario, why is sandpaper used on the sole by athletes participating in high
jump events? choose the correct answer
a) To increase the grip and prevent slipping
b) To reduce the friction and increase the speed
c) To cushion the impact during landing
d) To maintain balance and stability

Answer
A

9. Explain why, it is easier to drag a mat on floor when nobody is sitting on it but much
more difficult to drag the same mat when a person is sitting on it.

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 ANSWER

When no person is sitting on the mat, then the mat and floor are not pressed together.
Thus, there is no friction. But, when a person is sitting on the mat.
Then due to the weight of the person, the mat and floor are pressed together harder,
increasing the friction too much. Thus, then it is very difficult to drag the person.

10. Do you think walking on the ice floor is risky? Justify your answer.

ANSWER
Yes, Ice is solid at low temperatures, but when pressure is applied (like when you walk or
skate on it), it melts slightly at the point of contact. This creates a thin layer of liquid
water that acts as a lubricant, making the surface feel slippery.

11.

III. TOPIC: TYPES OF FRICTION

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12. Figure represents two objects A and B in motion. Identify the type of friction in A and B?

ANSWER
A sliding friction
B Rolling friction

13. Two friends are trying to push a heavy load as shown in the fig. suggest a way which will
make this task easier for them.

ANSWER
Students will write their own words to change the sliding motion to rolling motion with
the explanation of their choice.

14. Which method is preferable in shifting the box and why ?

ANSWER
METHOD B , Because rolling friction is less that sliding friction. So less force is required
to make the box move.
15. Megan is a cyclist, and she crouched down on the handlebars as shown in B after
riding in normal position as shown in A in the figure.

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She continued to pedal with the same force as before.
a) What is the backward force acting on Megan
b) Compare the backward forces acting on Megan in A and B?

ANSWER
Megan is a cyclist and she crouched down on the handlebars as shown in B after riding in
normal position as shown in A in the figure.She continued to pedal with the same force as
before.
a) What is the backward force acting on Megan
Fluid friction(drag)
b)Compare the backward forces acting in A and B

A fluid friction is more and in B it is less

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16. John experimented to find out how different surfaces (P, Q, R and S) affect the distance a
car travelling at 50 km/h needed to stop once the brakes are applied. The results are
shown below:

Which type of road will provide the most friction for the car to stop?
a) P
b) Q
c) R
d) S

ANSWER Q
17. Four children were asked to arrange forces due to rolling, static and sliding frictions in a
decreasing order. Their arrangements are given below. Choose the correct arrangement.
(a) Rolling, static, sliding
(b) Rolling, sliding, static
(c) Static, sliding, rolling
(d) Sliding, static, rolling

Answer
C

18. What kind of friction comes into play:

(a) when a block of wood kept on table moves slowly ?
(b) when a block of wood kept on table just tends to move (or slip)?
(c) when a block of wood kept on cylindrical iron rods moves?

ANSWER

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19.

Answer

B DRAG FORCE

C GRAVITY
20.
A skydiver is falling at constant speed. He has not yet opened his parachute

When he opens his parachute What is the direction of both the speed and force on
parachute

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 Direction of skydiver’s Direction of force on
speed parachute

1. Upward Upward

2 Upward Downward

3 Downward Upward

4 Downward Downward

Answer

21.
.

22. The image shows a block resting on the inclined plane

Which row gives the correct explanation about the forces R, F and W

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 ANSWER
D
IV. TOPIC: NECESSITY OF FRICTION
23. A Imagine that friction suddenly vanishes. How would life be affected? List ten such
situations.

Answer

Let students write their own answer before explaining the necessity of friction

B Give three examples each where friction is useful

Advantages of Friction-It helps us walk on the ground,

brakes in a car make use of friction to stop the car and
meteors are burnt in the atmosphere before reaching Earth due to friction
24. The image shows a person rowing a boat over a river.

Identify the number of bodies experiencing friction.

a) 1, boat because of the river
b) 1, boat because of the person
c) 2, boat because of the river and the person because of air
d) 2, boat because of air and river and the person because of air

answer
d) 2, boat because of air and river and the person because of air

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25. Figure below shows a car taking a turn on a level road fig 1 and on a banked road (outer
edge of the road is raised above the inner edge of the road) fig 2. Research on where you
think you will be able to take a turn at a greater speed. Why?

Answer

Fig two, A banked road allows a car to take a turn at higher speeds without skidding.

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 26. Give examples with suitable picture and explanation to show that friction is both a friend
and a foe.
V. TOPIC: DISADVANTAGES OF FRICTION
27. Give three examples each where friction is a disadvantage and where it is useful

Answer

Disadvantages of Friction:

Friction produces unnecessary heat leading to the wastage of energy, Forest fires are
caused due to the friction between tree branches, A lot of money goes into preventing
friction and the usual wear and tear caused by it by using techniques like greasing and
oiling.
28. Give reasons
a) The jar of a mixer becomes hot if it is run for a few minutes.
b)A pencil will write on a paper but not on a glass.
c) It is easier to roll an object than sliding It.
d) Sometimes when you wash utensils, they slip from your hand.

Answer
a) The jar of a mixer becomes hot if it is run for a few minutes.[friction produces heat]
b)A pencil will write on a paper but not on a glass. [friction is more on paper than glass]
c) It is easier to roll an object than sliding It. [rolling reduces friction]
d) Sometimes when you wash utensils, they slip from your hand. [Smooth surface offers
less friction]
29.
When the cutting edge of a knife is put against a fast-rotating stone to sharpen it, sparks
are seen to fly. Explain the reason.

Answer

Heat is produced as a result of friction between a knife and the rotating stone. As the
speed of rotation increases the amount of heat generated also increases which result in the
sparks

30.
Four similar cars having exactly the same mass are running at the same speed on the same
road when brakes are applied at the same time. The cars come to a stop after covering
distances of 5 m, 5.5 m, 4.8 m and 5.2 m respectively. The friction between the brake
pads and discs will be the maximum in the car which travels the distance of:
A. 5 m
B. 5.5 m
C. 4.8 m
D. 5.2 m

ANSWER

C. 4.8 m
As the distance travelled is the least in 4.8 m , thus friction would have been the largest.

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 31.
Fill in the following blanks with suitable words :
(a) Friction always opposes…………..between the surfaces in contact with each
other.
(b) Sliding friction is …………..than the static friction.
(c) Friction produces…………….
(d) Friction prevents our foot from…………..over the ground.
(e) Sprinkling of powder on the carom board………….friction.
(f) Ball bearings reduce friction because they……………rather than ‘slide.
(g) The friction when something moves through a liquid or gas is called……
(h) Cars and speedboats are………..to reduce drag.
(i) Shapes that are designed to reduce air resistance are called…………shapes.
(j) Objects which can move quickly through the water have a ………shape.
(k) The shape of an aeroplane is similar to that of a…………in flight.

Answer:
(a) Friction always opposes motion between the surfaces in contact with each other
(b) Sliding friction is less than the static friction.
(c) Friction produces heat
(d) Friction prevents our foot from slipping over the ground
(e) Sprinkling of powder on the carom board reduces friction.
(f) Ball bearings reduce friction because they roll rather than ‘slide.
(g) The friction when something moves through a liquid or gas is called drag.
(h) Cars and speedboats are streamlined to reduce drag.
(i) Shapes that are designed to reduce air resistance are called streamlined shapes.
(j) Objects which can move quickly through the water have a streamlined shape.
(k) The shape of an aeroplane is similar to that of a bird in flight.

32. Suppose your writing table (or desk) is tilted a little. A book kept on the table starts
sliding down. Draw a diagram to show the direction of force of friction acting on the
book.

ANSWER

VI. TOPIC: METHODS TO REDUCE AND INCREASE THE FRICTION

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33. While playing tug of war, Preeti felt that the rope was slipping through her hands. Suggest
a way out for her to prevent this.

Answer
Any suitable method to increase the friction

34.
Describe two ways each of reducing friction and increasing friction.

Answer

Reducing friction- We sprinkle powder on carrom board to reduce friction. A bicycle and
a motor mechanic uses grease between the moving parts of these machines to increase
efficiency of moving parts.

Increasing friction-Kabaddi players rub their hands with soil for a better grip of their
opponents. Sportsperson have spikes in the soles of their shoes. This increases friction and
helps them to get a firm grip on the ground.]

35.
State whether the given statements are true or false.
1. Friction is always useful to us.
2. Fluids are only liquids.
3. Friction is less for smooth surfaces.
4. A soapy floor is slippery due to increased friction.
5. Friction always works in opposite direction to the relative motion.
6. Friction is dependent on area of contact.
7. Sliding friction is less than rolling friction.
8. Friction decreases with increase in the smoothness of the surface.
9. It is easier to move a heavy object than a light object.
10. Friction can be reduced by using lubricants.
11. Friction is independent of the nature of surfaces in contact.
12. A spring balance measures force.
13. Friction can be reduced by using ball bearings in some machines.
14. Friction can never be eliminated.

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 15. Friction do not produce heat.

Answer:

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. False
8. True
9. False
10. True
11. False
12. True
13. True
14. True
15. False

36. IXL SKILL

https://www.ixl.com/science/grade-8/predict-forces-using-newtons-third-law

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