Checklist Grammar

Present Continuous

Qo’llanilishi:
• Nutq jarayonida sodir bo’layotgan ish-harakatlarda :
I'm just leaving work. I'll be home in an hour.
Please be quiet. The children are sleeping.
• Kelajak uchun rejalashtirilgan ish-harakatlar, holatlar :

Mary is going to a new school next term.

What are you doing next week?

Formulasi
Darak gaplarda: S+To be ( am,is,are)+ Ving
So’roq gaplarda: To be+ S+Ving
Inkor gaplarda: S+ To be+not(n’t)+Ving
Are you listening?
Are they coming to your party?
When is she going home?
What am I doing here?
I'm not doing that.
You aren't listening. (or You're not listening.)
They aren't coming to the party. (or They're not coming to the party.)
She isn't going home until Monday. (or She's not going home until
Monday.)

Bundan tashqari ushbu zamon quyidagi holatlarda ham qo’llaniladi:

 • Biror aniq vaqtdan oldin yoki keyin sodir bo’lgan ish -harakatlarda:
At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast.
When I get home the children are doing their homework.
• Vaqtinchalik sodir bo’ladigan holatlarda :
Michael is at university. He's studying history.
I'm working in London for the next two weeks.
• Yangi yoki avvalgi holatidan o’zgargan voqea-hodisalarda:
These days most people are using email instead of writing letters.
What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays?
What sort of music are they listening to?
• O’zgarib borayotgan ish-harakatlarda:
The children are growing up quickly.
The climate is changing rapidly.
Your English is improving.
• Qayta-qayta sodir bo’ladigan ish-harakat, holatlarda :
It's always raining in London.
They are always arguing.
George is great. He's always laughing.
Note that we normally use always with this use.

Exercises with Present Continuous

Exercise 1 – Fill in the blanks
Fill in the blanks with the present continuous form of the given verbs.

1. I to watch a movie at Inox. (go)

2. We in the nearby park. (play)
3. The boys in the pond. (swim)
4. Rita at the function. (sing)
5. The child baseball. (play)
6. The chef his famous ravioli. (cook)
7. The teacher the students. (teach)
8. I Aladdin and the Magic Lamp. (read)
9. The man a Royal Enfield. (ride)
 10. Sheema for her dance performance. (practise)
11. The boys everyone present at the party. (annoy)
12. My mother a sweater for my sister. (knit)
13. The man on the streets. (beg)
14. The baby with her mother. (giggle)
15. Ronaldo his team. (train)

Exercise 2 – Change into the present continuous

tense
Read the sentences in different tenses and change them into present
continuous tense.

16. He goes to play in the park.

17. COVID affects our lungs.
18. I ate a cheeseburger.
19. The Prime Minister will visit the school.
20. Ram walks to school.
21. The mason was building this tower.
22. Riya spoke at the inter-school competition.
23. The wrestlers fought hard.
24. The cuckoo sings beautifully.
25. Prerna left for Dubai.
26. I cleaned my room.
27. We bought a new car.
28. Anurag plays the guitar.
29. You went in the wrong direction.
30. I did a new project.
1. We use the present continuous for permanent states or situations.

True
False
2. We use the present continuous for temporary situations.

True
False
3. We often use the present continuous for things happening right now.

True
False
4. We can use the present continuous for future arrangements.

True
False
5. We can use the present continuous with all verbs.

True
False
6. Some verbs – for talking about emotions, thinking, the senses, etc. –
cannot be used in the continuous form.

True
False
7. Sometimes the spelling of the infinitive form changes when we add -ing.

True
False
 Present Perfect

Qo’llanilishi:
O’tgan zamonda boshlanib tugagan va natijasi hozirda ko`rinib turgan har
qanday ish harakat Present Perfect yani hozirgi tugallangan zamon deb
ataladi. Ushbu zamonda ish harakat tugallangan bo’lishi kerak.

Bu zamonda gaplar tuzish uchun egadan keyin (I, you, we, he, she, it) have yoki
has qo’yamiz va fe’lga -ed qo’shamiz. Masalan: I + have + work + ed
I have worked.
III shaxs birlikda (he, she, it) esa have ni o’rniga has ishlatamiz. He has worked.
My mother has cleaned.
Have ni qisqartirib ‘ve ko’rinishida has ni esa ‘s ko’rinishida ishlatishimiz mumkin.
He‘s worked. I‘ve done my homework.
Inkor shakl yasaganimizda esa biz have/has dan keyin not qo’yamiz.
I have not done my homework. My mother has not cleaned the room. Ko’pincha
qisqartma shaklidan foydalanamiz. have not = haven’t; has not = hasn’t

Fe`llar 2 xil bo`ladi . To’g’ri fe’llar va notog’ri fe’llar

To’g’ri fe’llar (Regular verbs ) To`g`ri fe’ldan o’tgan zamon va

tugallangan zamon yasalganda fe`llarga -ed, qo`shimchalari qo’shiladi.
Masalan: work – worked; play-played;
 Noto’g’ri fe’llar (irregular verbs): Bu fe’llar yuqoridagi qoidaga
bo’ysunmaydi. Bu fe’llardan o’tgan zamon yoki perfect da foydalanish
uchun -ed qo’shmaymiz. Ularning o’zlarini maxsus o’tgan zamon va
sifatdosh shakllari bor. Shulardan foydalanamiz.
Maslaan: buy – bought

Bazida o’tgan zamon va o’tgan sifatdosh fe`llari bir xil shaklda bo’lmasligi
mumkin. Masalan: break – broke – broken

So`roq shakli have, has ko`makchi fe`llarini egadan oldinga olib o`tish bilan
yasaladi.

Inkor shakli have, has ko`makchilariga not so`zi qo`shilshi bilan yasaladi.
Exercises with Present Perfect

1. Make the present perfect: positive, negative or question.

1. (you / keep a pet for three years)

2. (you / come here before?)

3. (it / rain all day?)

4. (who / we / forget to invite?)

5. (we / not / hear that song already)

6. (he / not / forget his books)

7. (she / steal all the chocolate!)

8. (I / explain it well?)

9. (who / he / meet recently?)

10. (how / we / finish already?)

11. (he / study Latin)

12. (I / know him for three months)

13. (where / you / study Arabic?)

14. (what countries / they / visit in Europe?)

2. Fill in the gaps using the present perfect tense of the words given.

not write - tell - not be - do - not see - reach - meet - not return

1. I........ in Italy for five years.

2. They........... their highest speed since their start.
3. Monica.............many friends there.
4. Mary ......... a lot this morning.
5. He ......... an email to his parents since May.
6. I.......... him since Monday.
7. So far, my parents ........ from their journey.
8. She. ........ already them about last weekend.
Used to +V1
Qo’llanilishi:
-used to ingliz tilida o’tgan zamonda ishlatamiz. -used to o’tgan
zamonda odatlanib qolingan ish – harakatlari uchun ishlatiladi. Lekin
hozirga u ish – harakati bajarilamaydi.
He used to smoke. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day.

(U chekardi. Bir kunda u 40 ta sigaret chekardi.)

He used to smoke degani o’tgan zamonda ma’lum bir vaqt muntazam

chekan, lekin hozir u chekmaydi.

-used to ni har doim o’tgan zamonda ishalatamiz. Hozirgi zamonda

emas. Siz ayta olmaysiz «I use to do» hozirgi zamon uchun, hozirgi
zamonga «I do«dan foydalanamiz.

(Men tennis o’ynardim. Shu kunlarda golf o’yanayapman)

Exercises with Used to

 2. Check your grammar: correct or incorrect Circle whether used to is
Correct or Incorrect in these sentences.

1. When I was a child, my hair used to be much blonder than now.

Correct Incorrect

2. I never used to go to football. I hate it. I can’t understand why people like
it. Correct Incorrect

3. I used to like his music before he went all hip-hop. But now … !

Correct Incorrect

4. We used to visit my grandmother every weekend. I love listening to her

stories.

Correct Incorrect

5. 'Didn't you use to wear glasses?' 'Yes, but I had an operation on my

eyes.' Correct Incorrect

6. I used to walk to school. I don't like using public transport and my mum
doesn't have a car anymore.

Correct Incorrect
Past Continuous
Qo’llanilishi:

Biz o’tgan zamonda aniq bir vaqtda sodir bo’layotgan ish harakatga Past
continuous (o’tgan davomli zamon)dan foydalanamiz.
Masalan: Hozir soat 6:00. Ayni vaqtda Jek televizor ko’ryapti. Soat 4:00 da
Jek hovuzda suzayotgan edi. He was swimming in the pool. Ushbu
gapimiz past continuousga misol bo’ladi.

Biz Past Continuousda gaplarni quyidagicha yozamiz.

He was swimming in the pool. (U hovuzda suzayotgan edi)
He wasn’t watching TV (U televizor ko’rmayotgan edi)

Soat 3:30 da: U suzishni boshladi

Soat 4:00 da: U suzayotgan edi
Soat 4:15 da: U suzishni tugatdi

Biz Past Continuousda gaplarni quyidagicha yozamiz.

Darak Inkor So’roq

It was raining. (Yomg’ir yog’ayotgan edi ).

It wasn’t raining (Yomg’ir yog’mayotgan edi).

Was it raining? (Yomg’ir nyog’ayotganmidi?)

Exercises 1. Sara kecha tongda juda ko’p ishlarni bajardi. Rasmga qarang
va gaplarni to’ldiring. Aynan aytilgan vaqt oralig’ida nimalar qilayotganligini
yozing.

Exercises 2. Javoblarga qarang va past continuousda savollarni to’ldiring.

Present perfect continuous

Qo’llanilishi:

Present Perfect Continuous tense - hozirgi davomiy tugallangan

zamon, oʻzbek tilida uchramaydigan zamon shakli boʻlib, bu zamondagi
ish-harakatlarda ham davomiylik, ham tugallanganlik xususiyatlari
mavjud.

Bu zamonning qolipi have/has been yordamchi fe'llari + ing qoʻshimchasi

qoʻshilgan asosiy fe'l bilan qoʻllaniladi.
▪️ Positive form:
I have been working
He/she/it has been working
We/you/they have been working

▪️ Negative form:
I have not been working
He/she/it has not been working
We/you/they have not been working

▪️ Question form:
Have I been working?
Has he/she/it been working?
Have we/you/they been working?

Misollar:
I have been working in the garden for six hours. It looks different now.
(Men bog'da olti soat ishladim. Hozir uning ko'rinishi boshqacha)
Tom, have you been looking for me? (Tom, meni izlayotganmiding?)

Present Perfect Continuous tense qo'llanish holatlari

1️⃣ Mazkur zamon oʻtgan zamonda boshlanib, hozirgacha davom etib

turgan va gapda ushbu ish-harakat qancha muddat (qachondan beri)
davom etib turganligi koʻrsatilgan ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi.

▪️ Ish-harakat qancha muddat davom etib turganligi since - dan beri, for -
dan buyon, how long - qachondan beri soʻzlari yordamida koʻrsatiladi.

It has been raining since 3 oʻclock. (Soat uchdan beri yomg'ir yog'yapti)
It has been raining for two hours. (Ikki soatdan buyon yomg'ir yog'yapti)
How long has it been raining? (Qachondan beri yomg'ir yog'yapti?)

2⃣ Mazkur zamon oʻtgan zamonda davom etib turgan, lekin hozirga kelib
tugallangan va natijasi ayon boʻlgan ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi. Bu
yerda ish-harakat qancha davom etganligi koʻrsatilishi shart emas.
I am tired. I have been working in the garden. (Men charchaganman. Men
bog'da ishlayotgan edim)
▪️ Yuqoridagi misolda birinchi gap hozirgi zamondagi natijani
(charchaganlikni) va ikkinchi gap esa charchashga olib kelgan va biroz
oldin davom etib turgan ish-harakatni koʻrsatmoqda.

Tom's hands are dirty. He has been repairing his car. (Tomning qoʻllari kir.
U mashinasini tuzatayotgan edi)

▪️ Yuqoridagi misollarda ish-harakat qancha davom etganligini ham

koʻrsatish mumkin, lekin bu narsa unchalik muhim emas. Bu qoida
davomiy ish-harakat natijasida kelib chiqqan natijani ko'rsatish uchun
qoʻllaniladi.
I am tired. I have been working in the garden (all day).

Davomiy zamonlarda qoʻllana olmaydigan holat fe'llari Present Perfect

Continuous zamonida emas, Present Perfect Simple zamonida qoʻllaniladi.
I have known Jack for five years. (have been knowing emas)

Exercises with Present perfect continuous

Exercise 1 – Fill in the blanks
Fill in the blanks with the present perfect continuous form of the verb given
in brackets.

31. Rahul French for three months. (learn)

32. Mr Rupert in New Orleans for the past four years. (stay)
33. The boys in the park since five o’clock. (play)
34. Tina for some time. (meditation)
35. The child for three hours. (sleep)
36. Mohit for a new PS5 for a long time. (ask)
37. The builder the tower for a few months. ( build)
38. I David Copperfield since Saturday. (read)
39. Uma the three pages since morning. (type)
40. Hira for his friend at the cafe since the evening. (wait)
 41. The teacher for the last two hours. (teach)
42. The man to fix the flat tyre for a few hours. (try)
43. The doctors for three hours. (operate)
44. Raj for his examination since the morning. (study)
45. My mother cakes since two o’clock. (baking)
46. The man the streets for hours. (wander)
47. Ron video games since noon. (play)
48. Paro with her friend on the phone for hours. (talk)
49. It since dawn. (rain)
50. The dog since last night. (bark)
6.Past simple, past perfect

Past perfect simple tense qo'llanish holatlari

1️⃣ Uzoq o'tgan zamon odatda yo'lg'iz o'zi emas, boshqa o'tgan zamondagi
(past simple) ish-harakat bilan ko'p qo'llaniladi. Bunda uzoq o'tgan
zamonda ifodalangan ish-harakat o'tgan zamondagi ish-harakatdan oldin
bo'lib o'tganligi ko'rsatiladi.
Tom had already gone home when I arrived at the party. (Men ziyofatga
kelganimda (o'tgan zamon), Tom allaqachon uyiga ketgan ekan (uzoq
o'tgan zamon).

2⃣ Uzoq o'tgan zamon as soon as/after/before/by the time/when/until

bog'lovchilari bilan ham qo'llaniladi.
After we had found a place to stay we went to a restaurant. (Yashashga
joy topganimizdan keyin biz restarantga yo'l oldik)
Tom had washed his car before we set off a journey.
The film had already started by the time we got to the cinema.
As soon as he had finished his homework, he was allowed to watch TV.
We had packed all the necessary things by the time Tom came.

when bog'lovchisi o'tgan zamondagi fe'l bilan ham qo'llanishini avvalgi

mavzularda ko'rib o'tgan edik. Uzoq o'tgan zamonda qo'llanilganda esa
when after (keyin) bo'g'lovchi ma'nosida qo'llaniladi.
When (After) I had repaired the car, we could continue our trip.
4⃣ Ingliz tilida inkor ma'noli ravishlar - hardly/barely/scarcely (deyarli yo'q,
zo'rg'a) - uzoq o'tgan zamonda juda ko'p qo'llaniladi.
I had barely heard of him until that day. (U haqda men o'sha kungacha
deyarli hech narsa bilmasdim.)

Uzoq o'tgan zamon (past perfect simple) hozirgi tugallangan zamon

(present perfect simple) ning o'tgan zamon shakli sifatida qo'llaniladi, ya'ni
o'tgan zamonda natijasi ayon bo'lgan ish-harakatni bildiradi. Qiyoslang:
My car is clean. I have washed it. (Hozirda natijasi ayon bo'lgan ish-
harakat)
My car was clean. I had washed it. (O'tgan zamonda natijasi ayon bo'lgan
ish-harakat)

Mazkur holatda Past perfect simpleda Present perfect simpleda

ishlatiladigan payt ravishlari ham (already, just, ever, never, yet va h.k.)
ishlatiladi.

Exercises with Past simple, past perfect

1. Mary (give) me Tony's address before she left.

2. When the boys arrived at the cinema, the film

(already, start).

3. Before we reached the station we saw that we

(lose) our way.
4. All the tickets (be) sold before the concert
began.

5. They took a shower after they (finish) the game.

6. I asked Mr Green how many books he (read)

7. Mum asked me why I (not tidy) up my room.

8. Bob was sorry that he (told) me the story.

9. Alan watched TV after he (have) lunch.

10. The sun (shine) yesterday after it

(be) cold for many weeks.

11. Uncle David (go) to the doctor after he

(be) ill for a month.

12. Before the police (catch) the thief, he

(steal) two more watches.

13. Mum once (paint) a picture although she

(never, learn) it.

14. I (not tell) my teacher that my mum

(help) me with my homework.

15. I (be) very angry when I

(see) that my brother (eat)
my apple.

16. The bike (be) much more expensive than he

(think) at first.

17. Dad (drive) me home after I

(fall) into the water.

18. Marion (ask) me what

(happen) to me last week.
19. We (eat) two Big Macs before we
(go) home

Future Perfect
Qo’llanilishi:

1️⃣ by … + [kelasi zamondagi payt ravishi] bilan:

I will have written this book by the end of May. (Men bu kitobni may
oxirigacha yozib bo'laman.)
Mrs. and Mr.Johnson will have been married for 25 years next year.
They will have produced 200,000 cars by the year 2020.

2⃣ by the time/before + [kelajakdagi ish-harakat] bilan qo'llaniladi.

We will have checked all the passengers by the time the police come.
(Politsiya kelgunicha biz hamma yo'lovchilarni tekshirib bo'lgan bo'lamiz)
Will you have done the housework before we go out?

Future simple va Future perfect simple zamonlarini qiyoslaymiz:

▪️ Future simple tense (oddiy kelasi zamon) kelajakdagi sodir boʻladigan,

tugallanmagan ish-harakatni bildiradi.
They will begin to produce this car next year. (Ular bu mashinani keyingi
yil ishlab chiqara boshlashadi)
We will do the final test in May.

▪️ Future perfect simple (tugallangan kelasi zamon) esa kelajakda ma'lum

bir vaqtga borib tugallanadigan ish-harakatni bildiradi.
They will have produced 200,000 cars by the end of the year. (Ular
yilning oxiriga borib 200,000 mashina ishlab chiqargan bo'lishadi)
We will have done the test by the end of May.

Positive form:
I will have eaten/ worked.
He/she/it will have eaten/ worked.
We/you/they will have eaten/worked.
▪️ Negative form:
I will not have eaten/ worked.
He/she/it will not have eaten/ worked.
We/you/they will not have eaten/worked.

▪️ Question form:
Will I have eaten/ worked?
Will he/she/it have eaten/ worked?
Will we/you/they have eaten/worked?

Exercises with future perfect

1️. I’m hungry now. I (eat) dinner
before you get home.

2. A: the sun (rise) by the time you

get up tomorrow?

3. B: Yes, it .

4. How many kids you (have) by the

time you are 35?

5. My classmate (not / finish) his

homework before class.

6. Don’t worry. I (return) the library

books by tomorrow.

7. I think robots (take over)

the world by 2050!

8. A: they (arrive) at the airport in

time to catch their flight?

9. B: No, they .
10. Why (not / fix) the mechanics
your car by Tuesday?

11. A: How many hours of TV you (watch)

by this time tomorrow?

12. B: Actually, I (not / watch) any

TV!

13. By what age Sarah from

college?

14. A: Do you think people (land)

on Mars by 2030?

15. B: No, I .

Second conditional (If)

Qo’llanilishi:

Hozirgi yoki kelajak zamonda haqiqatga toʻg'ri kelmaydigan, hayoliy

vaziyatlar va ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi. Shartning noreal ekanligini
koʻrsatish uchun vaziyat hozirgi zamonga taalluqli boʻlsa ham, if
qatnashgan gap oʻtgan zamonlarning birida ifodalanadi.
▪️ Odatiy qurilmasi: ▫️ IF + Past Simple Tense, EGA + would/should+V1
(oddiy o'tga kelasi zamon)
If we had more money, we would buy a BMW. ( Pulimiz ko'proq
bo'lganida, BMW sotib olgan bo'lardik )
If it weren't raining, we would go on a picnic.

Umumiy qoidaga ko'ra, mazkur toifadagi ergash shart gaplarda o'tgan

davomiy zamon (Past continuous) yoki (could) modal fe'li ham qo'llanishi
mumkin, asosiy gapda esa o'tgan zamon ma'nosidagi (could/might) modal
fe'llari bo'lishi mumkin.
If we had more money, we could go out more often. (Pulimiz ko'proq
bolganida, aylanishga tez-tez chiqqan bo'lardik)
 If you asked Tony, he might do it for you.
If I were you, I wouldn't go there. (Sizning o'rningizda bo'lganimda, u yerga
bormagan bo'lardim)

▪️Yuqoridagi gaplarda if qatnashgan gap tarkibida hozirgi zamon payt

ravishlari (now/at the moment/every day) boʻlsa ham, noreal vaziyat
boʻlgani uchun oʻtgan zamon qoʻllaniladi.
If he were here now, he would show us the city.

Bundan tashqari, mazkur if qatnashgan gap turida I/he/she/it shaxslari va

birlikdagi ega bilan to be fe'lining were shakli qoʻllanilgani ma'qul. English
Grammar In Use kitobida bunday vaziyatlarda was fe'li ham qoʻllana olishi
mumkinligini inkor etmagan holda, DTM tomonidan tuziladigan testlarda
were fe'li qoʻllanishini ta'kidlab oʻtamiz.
If I were you, I wouldn't do that.

Exercises with second conditional

Exercise 1. Rewrite the sentences and keep the same meaning.

Example: My car is out of order. I won't drive you there. If my car wasn't out
of order, I would drive you there.

I don't know his address. I can't contact him. If I ............................... his

address, I could contact him.

He is ill. He can't go skiing. If he wasn't ill, he ............................ skiing.

He doesn't like tomatoes. He won't eat the salad. If he ..........................

tomatoes, he would eat the salad.

I travel on my own because I speak English. I wouldn't travel on my own if I

. ......................................... English.

We don't have enough room in our house. You can't stay with us. If we
. .................... enough room in our house, you could stay with us.
You aren't lucky. You won't win. If you were lucky, you
.................................... .

I go to bed early because I work so hard. I wouldn't go to bed early if I

. ...................................... so hard.

I am eighteen. I can vote. If I .......................... eighteen, I couldn't vote.

Go to Corfu. You may like it. If you went to Corfu, you

. .................................. it.

You'll manage it. Don't panic. You would manage it if you

...............................................