ISSN 2278-3091

Volume 8, No.1.2, 2019

Amin Salih Mohammed et al., International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 8(1.2), 2019, 14- 19
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering
Available Online at http://www.warse.org/IJATCSE/static/pdf/file/ijatcse0381.22019.pdf
https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2019/0381.22019

QoS Performance Evaluation in 4G and 5G - Comparison

Amin Salih Mohammed1, Hiwa Abdulkarim Mawlood2

Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, Lebanese French University, Erbil, KR-Iraq
[email protected]
PG Student, Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, KR-Iraq
[email protected]

 executives dependent on the division of information move

ABSTRACT qualities into 9 classes[2,3]. These classes spread both 4G
quality standards administrations arrangement without
Quality of Service is sensitive for supporting end-to-end quality confirmation (best exertion or non_guaranteed Bit
network devices over heterogeneous networks. Develop QoS Rate (non_GBR) and ensured nature of administration
in mobile networks technologies is the key goal for mobile arrangement (GBR) [4].
operators. Mobile networks are transporting many forms of
data traffic for real time applications (i.e., Gaming, Video 2. QUALITY OF SERVICE
calls, Voice over IP, Video Streaming etc.) These applications
should get the features of QoS adaptation. Future 5th Nature of Administration (QoS) is the ability of a system of
Generation (5G) mobile communication networks are giving better support of system traffic over different
expected to provide guaranteed high quality performance and
advancements, including Ethernet systems, Frame Relay,
high capacity throughput wireless access connection. The 5G
ATMs, IP steered systems those may utilize any or all of
wireless innovation depends on changed fourth Era (4G),
referenced advances. The fundamental objective of QoS is to
which at present is confronting it can't offer assurances to
issues to meet its execution targets. The contrast somewhere give need including controlled jitter and latency (required by
in the range of 5G and 4G wireless innovation in connection some continuous and intuitive traffic), devoted transmission
to their throughputs, speed, recurrence, frequency, structure capacity, and improved misfortune characteristics [5-7]. QoS
of network and error correction is considered. confirmation is required for continuous applications like web
based gaming, IPTV, online video spilling, Voice over IP
Key words: 4G, 5G, Performance, QoS. (VoIP). QoS offers capacity to overseers to maintain a
strategic distance from system blockage and deal with the
1. INTRODUCTION system assets proficiently. Another critical point is
guaranteeing that giving need to one or numerous streams
In the history of wireless telecommunications, there have won't influence different streams to fizzle [8, 9].
been many repeated developing from one generation to the
next newer generations. What we realize in each upgrade is 2.1 QoS Requirements
that the new upgrades bring great improvements in greater
transmission speeds, better quality, less power consumption, 1. Parameters of QoS ought not to be restricted to a
more reliable, more secure and more other services [1, 12]. particular outside QoS control components, however
However, with increasing demand on transferring amount of the QoS ideas ought to have ability of giving diverse
high quality videos and other online applications over public sizes of QoS utilizing General Portable Media
networks, the ability for providing better quality of service communications Framework (UMTS) explicit
(QoS) became more important in today’s networks than it control systems.
ever was before. By discharging 5G portable advances which 2. Parameters ought to have unambiguous importance.
is relied upon to show up industrially in 2020 ought to 3. QoS instrument ought to permit productivity in
utilizing radio limit.
fundamentally improve client's nature of administration
4. Allowance for advancement of UMTS arrange, (i.e.,
(QoS) with the development of remote gadgets and
expel or decline the effect of development of
assortment of administrations gave. Hypothetically, It is transport advances in the correspondence world).
normal that versatile correspondence systems based on 5G
advances will almost certainly give information throughput of 2.2 Basic QoS Architecture
about in excess of 10 Gbit/s. Present 4G age innovation (like, We can characterize QoS Design As:
LTE) is giving adaptable nature of administration the 1. QoS checking and distinguishing proof strategies
for coordinating QoS from start to finish among
system gadgets.

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2. QoS with a solitary system gadget like traffic 2.5 Categories of QoS
forming instruments, planning and lining. QoS Categories or it can be called by QoS models consists of 4
Models:
3. Using QoS approach, bookkeeping, and the
executives for controlling start to finish traffic
1- Constant Bit Rate (CBR): Information enters the
stream at fixed rate, for example, information from a
inside the system
digitalized voice call entering at precisely 64 Kbps.
2- Variable Bit Rate (VBR): Information enters the
2.3 Basic QoS Implementation Components stream at a variable rate inside determined
For implementing a basic quality of service, there are three measurable limits.
main components (figure 1): 3- Available Bit Rate (ABR): The stream consents to
1. Qos in node (queuing , shaping , and so on ) utilize whatever information rate accessible at a
2. QoS signaling given time.
3. Policy , management , accounting 4- Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR): No bit rate indicated for
stream; the application is happy with best-exertion
administration

3. MEASURES OF NETWORK PERFORMANCE

At whatever point Speed is heard in systems administration

and correspondence advances it is utilized to depict arrange
execution, and allude to low-speed or fast systems.
Nonetheless, such definition isn't exact on the grounds that
organize innovations change so quickly that a system
delegated " rapid" can end up medium or low speed in as
meagre three or four years[15-19]. Therefore, instead of
subjective portrayal, researchers and designers utilize formal,
quantitative measures to determine organize execution
unequivocally. The execution influenced straightforwardly on
QoS.
3.1 Key Measures of Data Network Performance
The principle three key measures for information arrange
execution that QoS relies upon are:
1-Idleness (delay): is expected time to exchange information
over a network.it can be arranged into five kinds:
a. Propagation Postponement: the required time for a flag for
traversing a transmission medium.
b. Access Postponement: the required time for getting access
to a transmission medium
c. Switching Postponement: The time required for sending
Figure 1: Components of QoS
bundle.
2.4 Fine-grain and Coarse-Grain approaches in QoS d. Queuing Postponement: The investing energy of a parcel in
There are two technologies Providers use to enforce QoS. the memory of a switch or change holding on to choose for
Fine-Grain and Coarse-Grain are two approaches proposed transmission.
for service specifications [10, 14]. e. Server Postponement: The required time for a server for
reacting to a solicitation and sending a reaction.
1. Fine-Grain: A Supplier enables a particular client to 2- Throughput (limit): The measure of information that can
express a particular QoS prerequisites for a given case of be exchanged per unit time indicated in a bit every second.
interchanges; a client makes a solicitation each time a Throughput can be estimated in a few different ways like:
stream is made. (e.g., for every TCP association) a) The capacity of a solitary channel or numerous channels.
2. Coarse-Grain: A supplier determines a couple of board b) Theoretical limit or compelling throughput rate.
classes of administration that are' each reasonable for one c) Data rate accomplished by an application.
sort of traffic; a client must fit all traffic into the classes 3- Jitter (inconstancy): The adjustments in postponing that
happens and the length of the progressions. There two ways to
deal with taking care of jitter:
a) Design an isochronous system with no jitter.
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Amin Salih Mohammed et al., International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 8(1.2), 2019, 14- 19

b) Use a convention that makes up for jitter. into results yet it will be chosen by the system to which Access
4- Packet Misfortune Rate: The rate of bundle lost amid parcel Switch (AR) the MN ought to append. This will help the
transmission. Bundle misfortune Rate ought to be least to bundle misfortune be diminished as terminal, administration,
show signs of improved execution. and individual portability.
5- Bundle Blunder Rate: Are the mistakes which can be
happened because of undermined bits in the parcel. Bundle 4.1 Strategies for achieving QoS assurance in 4G
Mistake Rate ought to be least to show signs of improved There are many strategies can be used in order to assurance
execution. quality of service in 4G networks.
6- Unwavering quality: is accessibility or steadiness of
association. (Going up/down). 4.1.1 Combining Intserv and Diffserv
Integrated services and differentiated services are
4. QUALITY OF SERVICE IN 4G consolidated together so as to get the QoS confirmation in 4G
The 4G is the most creative versatile remote innovation systems. Intserv employments of the Asset Reservation
operational these days which has supplanted the 3G Convention (RSVP) for getting the assets. Intserv deals with
the premise of needs, with higher need the odds of
frameworks. The vital highlights of the 4G systems
administration will be more and with comparable need
incorporate getting to data with a perfect association
applications will be doled out into a line. For little scale
whenever, anyplace with a wide scope of administrations and arrange Intserv functions admirably, one of its shortcoming is
accepting more prominent size of information data, pictures, that it isn't adaptable for bigger systems. On different hands,
video, etc than more seasoned ages.. In nowadays of the diffserv is more versatile than Intserv for bigger systems.
developing patterns in portable and remote interchanges, 4G The mix of these two QoS models can be gotten by setting the
centers around guaranteeing a faultless administration, have intserv close to the closures where the information is gotten or
bigger transmission capacity, higher information rates, and sent from, which implies the sender and collector. While the
smoother and quicker handoff among a more extensive scope diffserv ought to be put at the center system. The mix of these
of frameworks and remote systems. The primary component two designs can help in keeping away from traffic blockage
of 4G administrations of client intrigue incorporate and bundle losing which at the same time improve QoS.
application versatility and high dynamism which suggests 4.1.2 QOS Manager
that distinctive administrations can be conveyed and
One of other fundamental systems ought to be pursued to
accessible to client's close to home inclinations and bolster
affirmation QoS in heterogeneous system such 4G systems is
traffic of the client , air interfaces, QoS and radio condition.
to how to oversee and ensure QoS to give QoS to various
Proficient and viable association with system applications can
streams. For dealing with the assets we have to utilize a
be accomplished in numerous structures and at various substance which is called QoS Director. QoS Administrator
levels.4th age is created to suit QoS and prerequisites set by can control the allotment of different assets, for example, data
up and coming applications like Media Informing transfer capacity. QoS Chief can bolster different sorts of
Administration (MMS) , video talk, versatile IPTV, different handovers too .at whatever point a versatile client moves
administrations, for example, voice and gaming, some other starting with one system space then onto the next he ought to
administrations those use transfer speed. When a client have consistent handover with QoS affirmation and it
changes to a system in portable systems, two sorts of requires the asset assignment ahead of time. QoS supervisor
misfortunes will be happened, first is called edge bundle ought to be accessible in each system space which is called
misfortune and second is called as a fragment parcel Area QoS (DQoS) manager. In expansion ,At IP center
misfortune. The edge parcel misfortune will be happened dimension there is likewise another QoS director to guarantee
between the Versatile Hub (MN) and Portability Grapple start to finish QoS and asset assignment the DQoS chiefs of
Point (Guide). On different hands, Portion parcel misfortune every area and QoS administrator of the center system shares
will be happened on account of the non-deterministic nature data . QoS should be in contact with Verification, Approval
of the handoff. So as to diminish referenced misfortunes and bookkeeping (AAA) server, accomplish arrange
consistency and strategies .QoS director utilizes two
diverse methodologies are utilized, to diminish edge bundle
conventions to interface with AAA server; they are Distance
misfortune the MN is moved as near the Guide as could be
across conventions and Regular Open Approach
expected under the circumstances, in regards to the sectioned
Administration (COPS). The cooperation between
parcel misfortune two methodologies can be utilized, one is Arrangement Authorization Focuses (PEPs) and QoS
synchronized parcel simulcast (SPS) and the other one is supervisor is encouraged by COPS which is helping control of
mixture simulcast mechanism [20-25]. In synchronized approaches in IP systems. COPS transports data of the system
bundle simulcast the parcels will be sent to the present system clients to transport layer to ensure ideal asset assignment. The
also the potential system where the Portable Hub is drawing Width convention (It created from Span convention) works
nearer. Mixture simulcast implies that the versatile hub will parallel to the AAA server in 4G systems. The
inform the system about the handoff where to be produced correspondence between system get to server (NAS) and AAA

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Amin Salih Mohammed et al., International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 8(1.2), 2019, 14- 19

server is conveyed by Distance across convention by this systemA conclusion section is not required. Although a
transporting AAA data conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not
4.2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might
elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest
MIMO tasks comprise of spatial multiplexing applications and extensions.
notwithstanding pre-coding and transmit assorted variety
5.1 Traffic in 5G Networks
(shown in figure 2). These activities manage the issues of
For applying QoS in 5G networks, there are two main key
different signs ascending from different reflections that were
traffic models should be considered:
looked by earlier broadcast communications frameworks.
Likewise, utilization of MIMO additionally improves the 5.1.1 High-speed video flow server-subscriber
throughput by methods for the extra flag ways ensuing to Video transmission administrations will be a vital issue for
those tasks. To recognize diverse ways MIMO needs at least improvement and a quickly developing section of 5G systems
two divergent receiving wires with not at all like information traffic. Video administrations represented about 45% of
streams, for example, the plans utilizing 2 x 2, 3x3 or 4 x 4 portable information traffic in 2014, and 60% of every single
reception apparatus frameworks. versatile datum traffic will be from video by 2020. Month to
month utilization of information transmission traffic in 4G
systems has come to about 2.6 GB and month to month
utilization of traffic in 5G systems will be surpassed 500 GB
for every client. Innovative capacities of versatile systems of
past ages for broadcasting video for different video picture
characteristics are appeared in Figure 3. Ability of video
broadcasting relies upon information transmission speed in
the radio access organize.

Figure 2: MIMO System

4.2.1 Forms of MIMO: Multi-antenna types

1-Multiple-input and single-output (MISO): is a case when
the receiver has a single antenna.
2-Single-input and multiple-output (SIMO): is a case when
the transmitter has a single antenna.
3-Multiple-input and Multiple-output (MIMO): when both
transmitter and receiver has 2 or more antennas

5. SLICING IN 5G Figure 3. Capability of video transfer for different mobile networks

The new system idea 5G will be more focused on business generations
perspective than other more established ages of portable 5.1.2 Massive M2M
systems. Prerequisites bargain in are difficult to be fulfilled in As indicated by data and forecasts in Figure 4, in the time of
the entire system in the meantime. It is utilitarian to give a 2019 the quantity of M2M associations in the portable
few necessities and a Network Operators have capacity to administrators systems (2G, 3G, and 4G) will be surpassed
design different intelligent systems with various system 2.2 billion, which is multiple times more than in 2014. The
efficiencies. This is the reason for part one physical system offer of M2M associations of the complete number of
associations in the portable administrators' systems will
into numerous intelligent systems. Such a 5G based virtual
increment from the current 7% to22% in 2019.
condition gives a stage to an administration with certain
arrangements of properties like, Key Performance Indicators,
QoS/QoE parameters, which can be utilized to characterize
new consistent systems. Every one of these systems have its
own application like , VoIP, video gushing, IoT, e-wellbeing,
and so forth , and its own highlights dependent on business
necessities for each administration, which will be given over

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Amin Salih Mohammed et al., International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 8(1.2), 2019, 14- 19

on the virtualization of system capacities, applications, in

charge of controlling and overseeing of QoS in the system.
The 5G remote innovation discovers arrangement of the
issues of low quality of administration, better unwavering
quality, execution and adaptability. The Idea of 5G
innovation is to diminish the difficulties and shortcoming of
4G. The significance of the relative investigation of
development QoS in both 4G and 5G is assessed for a speed
and successful better convey administrations for the clients on
remote cell systems

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