ANSWERS

Self Assessment Paper - 4

SECTION-A (v)

1. (A) (i) Option (a) is correct.

Explanation: Since force,
µ0 I1I 2
FAB = l = 30 × 10–7 N (attractive)
2 πr
FCD = 5 × 10–7 N (repulsive) (vi) Moderators are used to convert fast electrons into
Fnet = FAB – FCD = 25 × 10–7 N towards wire. slow electrons.
(ii) Option (b) is correct. (vii) A photodiode requires a bias to function, whereas a
Explanation: The field produced by a magnet at an solar cell requires no bias to function.
axial point is given by
µ 2M 10 −7 × 2 × 0.65
B= 0 3 = SECTION-B
4 πd ( 0.08 )3

kC0 V0
= 2.5 × 10−4 T along SN. 2. (i) (a) Since, q0 = CV = = C0V0
k
(iii) Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: Pieces of naturally occurring iron ore, Hence, the charge will remain the same.
lodestone or magnetite had the property of attracting V
small pieces of iron. Hence, magnetite is a natural Now, electric field, E =
d
magnet.
(iv) Option (d) is correct. V E
Hence, E = 0 = 0
(v) Option (a) is correct. kd k
Explanation: The acceptor valence band is close to the
valence band of the host crystal. So, the energy stored in a capacitor
(vi) Option (d) is correct. 1
U = QEd
Explanation: If the rays cross the focal point of a 2
convex lens, they become diverging.
1 E
(vii) Option (c) is correct. U = Qd 0
(B) (i) As the resistance R is increased, the plot of 2 k
potential difference V across R is given by: U
U= 0
k
(b) Electric potential; a scalar.
OR
(ii) (a) Internal resistance is the resistance within a
battery or other voltage sources that causes a drop
in the source voltage when there is a current. When
current flows through the cell, a voltage develops
across the internal resistance.
(ii) The value of the transformation ratio for a step-up
1 1 1
transformer is greater than 1. (b) = +
(iii) The radius of the hollow sphere is 8 cm. R' R1 RV
Hence, the focal length of the mirror is 4 cm. 1 1
= +
(iv)
200 300
1 5
=
R' 600
R' = 120 W
Req = R' + R2
= (120 + 880) W
= 1000 W
V =I×R
2 |  OSWAAL ISC Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-12

40 V LOOP BEDCB:
⇒ I = = 0.04 A – 1I2 – 1I2 + 8 + 2I3 + 2I3 – 2 = 0
1000 W
– 2I2 + 4I3 = – 6
So, voltage across R2, – I2 + 2I3 = – 3 ...(ii)
V2 = IR2 = 0.04 × 880
= 35.2 V
From the diagram,
Vnet = V1 + V2
⇒ 40 = V1 + 35.2 V
⇒ V1 = 4.8 V
3. (a) All the capacitors are connected in parallel. So the
equivalent capacitance will be 8 μF.
(b) Let the three capacitors connected in parallel be C1,
C2 and C3, and the supply voltage be V.
Let the equivalent capacitance of the combination be
LOOP AFDCA:
Ceq.
– 2I1 – 4I1 + 6 + 2I3 + 2I3 – 2 = 0
Charge on a capacitor is given by Q = CV. – 6I1 + 4I3 = – 4
Since all the capacitors are connected in parallel, the – 3I1 + 2I3 = – 2 ...(iii)
voltage across each capacitor is V. Solve Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii):
Thus, charge on C1, Q1 = C1V 1
I1 = − A
Charge on C2, Q2 = C2V 3
Charge on C3, Q3 = C3V. I2 = 0 A
Charge on equivalent capacitance, Qeq = CeqV −3
I3 = A
Now, Qeq = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 2
∴ Ceq V = C1 V + C2 V + C3 V Since the values of currents are negative, it shows
Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 that the directions marked in the circuit should be
reversed.
4. (i)
OR
(ii) Magnetic field field due to a semicircular arc of radius
µ I
r at the centre of the circle = 0
2r
Hence, the magnetic field upwards due to the inner
µ0 I
semicircle =
4R1

and the magnetic field upwards due to outer semicircle

µ0 I
=
4R 2
LOOP AFEBA:
Hence, the net magnetic field at the center of the
– 4I1 – 2I1 + 6 + 1I2 – 8 + 1I2 = 0
– 6I1 + 2I2 = 2 µ0 I  1 1 
semicircle upwards = 4  R − R 
– 3I1 + I2 = 1 ...(i)  1 2

5. (i) The force acting on the charge particle will be

perpendicular to both v and S.
(ii) It will describe a circular path.
6. (i) From the formula for convex lens:
1  1 1 
= ( n − 1)  − 

f  R1 R2 
1  1 1 
= (1.5 − 1)  + 
f  30 30 

0.5 × 2 1
= =
30 30
f = 30 cm
Answers | 3

f 30 10. (i) Here, R = 10 W,

(ii) Q m = =
f + u 30 − 60 A = 1 mm2 = 10–6 m2, V = 10 V
n = 8 × 1028 electrons/m3
30
= = −1 From the relation
−30
I = neAVd
v
Q m = V
u = neAVd
R
v
–1 = V
−60 or Vd =
enAR
\ v = 60 cm
10
I = 8 × 1028 × 1.6 × 10–19 × 10–6 × Vd
and |m| = 10
O
I 1
1 = Vd =
5 12.8 × 10 3

I = 5 cm = 0.078 × 10–3 m/s

7. (i) X-rays are electromagnetic radiations used for (ii) (a) Emf of the battery, E = 12 V
studying the crystal structure of solids. The internal resistance of the battery, r = 0.4 Ω
(ii) The wavelength of a wave is given as: The maximum current drawn from the battery is I.
c
λ= According to Ohm's law,
v
E = Ir
3 × 10 8 E
= 10 = 0.015 m I =
2 × 10 r
8. (i) The photoelectric effect cannot be described by 12
wave theory for the following reasons: =
0.4
Electrons are released after a tiny instant of time
when light strikes a material, according to wave = 30 A
theory. However, in the photoelectric effect, electron The maximum current drawn from the given battery
emissions occur immediately and without delay.
is 30 A.
The energy of a wave grows as its intensity increases.
nE
(ii) The stopping potential does not change when the (b) In a series combination of cells, the current I =
intensity of incident radiation increases. nr + R
E
In a parallel combination of cells, I' =
SECTION-C r
n+R
 
9. Given, electric field intensity
→ ^ N nE E nE
E = 5 × 103 i C If I = I' then, =
 r 
=
r + nR
nr + R
n+R
Magnitude of electric field intensity  
→ N
| E | = 5 × 10 3 It will be so if r = R.
C 11. (i)
Side of the square, S = 10 cm = 0.1 m F
Area of the square, A = (0.1 m)2 = 0.01 m2
Q I1=25A
The plane of the square is parallel to the YZ-plane.
Hence, the angle between the unit vector normal to the
plane and the electric field is zero, i.e., q = 0°. mg r
\ The flux through the plane is,
I2=50A
f =|E| × A cos q
P
= 5×103 × 0.01 cos 0°
Let the length of wire Q be 1 m, i.e., 1 = 1 m.
= 50 NC–1m2
If the plane makes an angle of 30° with the x-axis, then So, the weight of wire Q, mg = 0.025 × 1 = 0.025 N.
q = 60° Since the current in both the wire is flowing in
\ The flux through the plane is, opposite directions, both wires will repel each other.
f = |E| × A × cos 60°
µ0 I1I 2 I
= 5 × 103 × 0.01 × cos 60° The force acting on the wire Q due to P, F =
= 25 NC–1m2 2 πr
4 |  OSWAAL ISC Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-12

2 π × 10 −7 × 50 × 25 × 1 25 × 10 −5 1.5 × 10
∴F= = \ e=
2π × r r 0.2

For the wire Q to be in equilibrium, F = mg 15 × 10
\ e=
2
25 × 10 −5
∴ = 0.025
r \ e = 75 V
⇒ r = 0.01 m = 1 cm Fs = M IP
(ii) One ampere is the value of steady current which, Fs = 1.5 × 10
when maintained in each of the two very long, Fs = 15 Wb
straight and parallel conductors of negligible cross-
N2 800
section and placed one metre apart in a vacuum, (b) Transformation ration = = = 10
would produce on each of these conductors a force N1 80
equal to 13. (i) For 1st minimum,
2 × 10–7 N/m of its length:
λ 550 × 10 −9 1
µ I1I 2 sin q = = =
F= . d 1.1 × 10 −4 × 10 −2 2
2 π r.L
∴ θ = 30°
When I1 = I2 = 1 ampere, r = 1 metre and L = 1 ∴ The angular width of the central maxima
metre, then F = 2 × 10–7 N.
= 2θ = 60°
OR
(ii) If the wavelength increases, the angular width will
(a) We know that: also increase.
df di 14. (i) When the refractive index of the material of the
E= = M.
dt dt lens and the surrounding medium become equal,
Therefore, then by applying the lens makers’ formula:
dφ = Mdi = 1.5 × (20−0) = 30Wb  µL  1 1 
1
N 800 =  µ − 1 R − R  = 0
(b) Transformation ratio = K = S = = 10 F  G  1 2 
Np 80
So, F =∞
12. (i )Moment of the magnet, M = 0.32 J T–1
External magnetic field, B = 0.15 T
(a) The bar magnet is aligned along the a magnetic
field. This system is considered as being in stable
equilibrium. Hence, the angle q, between the bar
magnetic field is 0°.
Potential energy of the system = – MB cos q
= – 0.32 × 0.15 cos 0°
= 4.8 × 10–2 J (ii) In D COA,
(b) The bar magnet is oriented 180° to the magnetic field,
i = a + γ ...(i)
Hence, it is in unstable equilibrium.
g =r+b
q = 180°
Potential energy = – MB cos q r =g–b

= – 0.32 × 0.15 cos 180° Using Snell's law, we have:

= 4.8 × 10–2 J sin i µ2
=
(ii) (a) Data: M = 1.5 H, I1 = 0 A, I2 = 10 A, dt = 0.2 s, Fs sin r µ1

=?
m1 sin i = m2 sin r
dI p
e=M Since, aperture is small.
dt
So, ∠i and ∠r will be small.
|(I − I )| So, m1i = m2r
e=M 2 1
dt
So, m1(a + g) = m2 (g + b)
|(10 − 0 )|
\ e = 1.5 m2b + m1a = (m2 – m1)g ...(i)
0.2
Answers | 5

h h (ii)
So, a = tan a = ; b = tan b = ;
−u −v

h
γ = tan γ =
R

Substituting the above values in Eq. (i),

h h h
µ2 + µ1 = ( µ 2 − µ1 )
v −u R

µ 2 µ1 ( µ − µ1 )
− = 2
v u R

15. (i) x6 – x1 = 12.5 mm = 12.5 × 10–3 m

17. (i) For the 1st observation,
6λD
x6 = 1
d 2hv = hv + mv12
2
λD 1 2
x1 = Or, hv = mv1
d 2
Therefore, For the 2nd obseration,
1
6λD λD 5λD 5hv = hv + mv22
x6 – x1 = − = 2
d d d
1 2
Therefore, Or, 4hv = mv2
2
5λD h
= 12.5 × 10–3 m
d (ii) Wavelength, λ =
2mqV
λD 12.5 × 10 −3 h
→ Fringe width = = For proton, λp =
d 5 2mp q p Vp

= 2.5 × 10–3 m h
−3 For deuteron, λD =
12.5 × 10 × d 2mD qD VD
(ii) Wavelength, λ =
5D
(iii) Kinetic energy gained by a charged particle
Here, accelerated by a potential V is qV.
KE = qV
d = 0.12 mm = 0.12 × 10–3 m
p2 2mpV
D = 60 cm = 0.6 m ⇒ = qV ⇒ p =
2m
Therefore,
h h
12.5 × 10 −3 × 0.12 × 10 −3 p = , thus λ =
λ = λ 2mpV
0.6 × 5
λp md Vd
λ = 0.12 × 10–6 m Now,
λd
= mp Vp

λ = 120 × 10–9 m
1 2Vd Vp
λ = 120 nm ⇒
2
= Vp ⇒ Vd = 4
(iii) When the diameter of wire increases, the fringe width
will decrease.
16. (i) Using the Snell's law:
SECTION-D
Critical angle = q1, ng = 1.62, nw = 1.33, 18. (i) (a) Self-inductance of a solenoid is associate with
the geometry of the coil. The self-inductance of a coil
q2 = 90. is equal to the total magnetic flux linked with the coil
ngsin q1 = nwsin q2 when a unit current passes through it. Also, the self-
inductance of a coil is equal to the emf induced in the
1.33
sin q1 = coil when the rate of change of current in the coil is
1.62 × 1 1A
.
q1 = 55.18. s
6 |  OSWAAL ISC Sample Question Papers, PHYSICS, Class-12

The SI unit of self-inductance is the henry (H). (d) For the conversion from 220 V to 33,000 V, a step-up
1V − s transformer with an appropriate turns ratio would be
1H = used.
A
19. (i) (a) The atomic number of any element gives the
At t = 1 sec, i = 2 + 3 × 1 = 5A and
number of protons, which is equal to the number of
di d electrons in an atom. Sodium has an atomic number of
|e| = L ⇒ 9 × 10–6 = L × (2 + 3t)
dt dt 11, which shows that a sodium atom has 11 protons in
⇒ L = 3 × 10–3 H its nucleus and 11 electrons surrounding its nucleus.
1 1 (b) B is more stable than A since the binding energy per
So, the energy U = Li2 = (3 × 10–3) × (5)2 nucleon of B is higher than that of A.
2 2
(c) In N3− (nitride) ion, No. of proton = Atomic number
= 37.5 mJ.
= 7, and No. of electron = Atomic number ± charge
(b) Let the radius and length of the air-cored solenoid be on the ion.
r and l, respectively, such that r < < l and having n
∴ No. of electron = 7+ 3 = 10. Hence, N3− ion has
turns per unit length.
7 protons and 10 electrons.
OR
(ii) (a) The energy difference between the levels is:
N E = 2.3eV
n = ...(i)
l ⇒ 2.3 × 1.6 × 10–9 J
where, N = total number of turns. The frequency of the radiation emitted during the
If I current flows through the coil, then magnetic field transition is given by:
is given by, E = hv
B = m0nI h
where, n = number of turns per unit length. v =
E
∴ Magnetic flux linked with each turn,
6.626 × 10 −34
φ = BA = m0nIA ⇒ −19
∴ Total magnetic flux lined with the solenoid, 2.3 × 1.6 × 10
Nφ = (m0nIA)N ⇒ 5.5 × 1014 Hz
Nφ = LI (b) Paraphrase this paragraph to: "Bohr’s model cannot
be directly applied to calculate the energy levels of
where, L is coefficient of self-induction.
an atom with many electrons due to the assumption
(m0nIA)N = LI
that the centripetal force is provided by the nucleus'
⇒ L = m0nAN electrostatic attraction. This assumption is used
N µ AN 2 while deriving formulas for radius and energy levels.
= µ0   AN = 0 Therefore, the model is only applicable to single-
 l  l
electron atoms." Bohr’s model cannot be directly
OR applied to calculate the energy levels of an atom
(ii) (a) A transformer changes voltage and current, but with many electrons because of the assumption that
the power remains constant. This is true only for an the centripetal force is provided by the nucleus’
ideal transformer. In general, there is some loss of electrostatic force of attraction and it is also used as
power in the form of heat, sound, vibrations, eddy an assumption while deriving formulas for radius/
currents, etc .Only the frequency remains constant. energy levels, etc. Therefore, the model is only
(b) (i) Low retentivity or coercivity. applicable to single-electron atoms.
(ii) Low hysteresis loss, high permeability and (c) As per spectral lines, the wavelength is given by,
susceptibility.
1 
2 1 1 
(c) The energy losses in a transformer are as follows: = RZ  2 − 2 
λ  n1 n2 
(i) Hysteresis loss: This is due to the repeated
magnetisation and demagnetisation of the iron core For λ1, n1 = 3 and n2 = 4
caused by the alternating input current. This can be
1 2 1 1  7RZ 2
minimised by using alloys like metal or silicon steel. ∴ = RZ  2 − 2  =
λ1 3 4  144
(ii) Copper loss: Current flowing through the primary
and secondary windings leads to the Joule heating For λ2, n1 = 2 and n2 = 3
effect. Hence, some energy is lost in the form of heat.
1 2 1 1  5RZ 2
Thick wires with considerably low resistance are used ∴ = RZ  2 − 2  =
λ2 2 3  36
to minimise this loss.
Answers | 7

1
7RZ 2
λ1 20
λ2 = 144 =
1 7
5RZ 2
36
20. (i) The semiconductor diode used is a Zener diode.
(ii) When the positive terminal of the battery is connected
to the n-side and the negative terminal to the p-side of
(iv) Considering the diode characteristics as a straight
a semiconductor diode, the diode is said to be reverse
line between I = 10 mA and I = 20 mA passing
biased.
through the origin, we can calculate the resistance
(iii) I-V graph during reverse bias: using Ohm’s law.
From the curve, at I = 20 mA, V = 0.8 V, I = 10 mA,
V = 0.7 V
∆V 0.1V
rfb = = mA = 10 W
∆I 10
qq