JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND ADVANCES

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Silica Fume for Partial Replacement of Cement

Fahad Iqbal Qureshi1 and Narendra Kumar Sharma1

1
Department of Civil Engineering, IILM-College of Engineering and Technology,
Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida-201306
E-mail address: [email protected]

Abstract-The use of silicon oxide Fume (SF) briefly amount of your time had one among the foremost dramatic impacts
on the industry‟s ability to habitually and commercially turn out SF changed concrete of flowable in nature however
nonetheless stay cohesive, that successively would develop each high early and high later-age strengths as well as immune to
aggressive environments. This paper options an experimental study on the character of SF and its influences on the
compressive, flexural & Split lastingness of hardened concrete with flume. Within the gift study, an effort has been
created to research the strength parameters of concrete created with partial replacement of cement by SF. Moreover, no such
try has been created in subbing silicon oxide fume with cement for medium grade concretes.During this we have a tendency
to come back to understand that it's possible to interchange the cement by silicon oxide fume for rising the strength
characteristics of concrete.

Keywords: Compressive strength, flexural strength, normal concrete, silica fume (SF) concrete, split tensile strength

kind of like hydraulic cement or some fly ashes. It

1. Introduction
exhibits pozzolanic properties. Silicon oxide fume
1.1. Silica Fume has been recognized as a pozzolanic admixture
Silica fume (SF) could be a by-product of the that's effective in enhancing the mechanical
smelting method within the element and properties to an excellent extent. By victimization
ferrosilicon business. The reduction of high-purity silicon oxide fume alongside super plasticizers, it's
quartz to element at temperatures up to 2000oC comparatively easier to get compressive strengths
produces a SiO2 vapour that oxidizes and of the order of 100–150 MPa in laboratory.
condenses within the vasoconstrictive zone to Additionally, of silicon oxide fume to concrete
small particles consisting of non-crystalline silicon improves the sturdiness of concrete through
oxide. By-products of the assembly of element reduction within the permeableness, refined pore
metal and therefore the ferrosilicon alloys having structure, resulting in a discount within the
element contents of 75 or a lot of contain 85–95% diffusion of harmful ions, reduces calcium hydrate
non-crystalline silicon oxide. The by-product of content which ends up during a higher resistance
the assembly of ferrosilicon alloy having five to salt attack. Improvement in sturdiness also will
hundredth element has abundant lower silicon improve the power of silicon oxide fume concrete
oxide content and is a smaller amount pozzolanic. in protective the embedded steel from corrosion.
Therefore, SiO2 content of the silicon oxide fume With the extensively use of cement in concrete,
is said to the sort of alloy being created. ilicon there has been some environmental issues in terms
oxide fume is additionally called small silicon of harm caused by the extraction of stuff and
oxide, condensed silicon oxide fume, volatilized carbonic acid gas emission throughout cement
silicon oxide or silicon oxide dirt. The American manufacture. This has brought pressures to scale
concrete institute (ACI) defines silicon oxide fume back the cement consumption within the business.
as a „„very fine non-crystalline silicon oxide At a similar time, there are becoming a lot of
created in electric discharge furnaces as a by- necessities for improvement in concrete sturdiness
product of production of alloys containing silicon‟. to sustain the dynamical atmosphere that is
it's typically a gray colored powder, somewhat seemingly totally different from the previous days.

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 F. I. Qureshi et al. /J. Sci. Res. Adv. 4 (2017) 433-437

With the event in concrete technology, cement For maximum size of coarse aggregate 20 mm based
replacement materials (CRM) are introduced as upon the following parameters of the water content and fine
substitutes for cement in concrete. Many sorts of aggregate to the total aggregate ratio was selected from
Table 2 given in IS: 10262-2009.
materials area unit in common use, a number of
 Design mix M35 grade
that area unit by merchandise from different
 Sand zone II
industrial processes, and thence their use could
have economic benefits. However, the most reason  Workability = 0.90 CF
for his or her use is that it will provide a form of  Water/ Binder ratio = 0.36
helpful enhancements or modifications to the Sand content as Wt. % of total aggregate by absolute
volume =37%
concrete Properties. All the materials have 2
Water content = 186 lit/m3
common features: Cement content = 186/0.36 = 516 kg/m3
1. Particle size vary is analogous to or smaller than
that of hydraulic cement. 2.1.4. Calculation of aggregate content:
2. They are pozzolanic material. Volume of cement = 516/ (3.15×1000)
= 0.1638 m3
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Volume of water = 186/1000 = 0.186 m3
Volume of all in aggregate = 1-0.1634-0.186
2.1Mix Design = 0.6506m3
Coarse aggregate content= 2.82×0.78×0.650×1000
A mix Design is done by using Indian Standard Method =1131.05 kg/m3
(IS 10262). The following basic data required to be Fine aggregate content= 2.68 × 0.22 ×0.650× 1000
specified for a design of concrete mix: = 383.82 kg/m3
1- Characteristics Strength of Concrete at 28 2.1.5. Super plasticizer Content:
2 \The super plasticizer is used as 0.65% weight of the
days (Fck) = 35N/mm
binder
2- A Maximum Size of crushed aggregates = 20
Table 1. Mix proportions
mm. Mixture M0 M1 M2 M3 M4
3- A Degree of Workability (Compacting Factor)
= 0.90 Cement 516 490 464 439 413
(kg/m3)
4- Value of Statistical Coefficient (K) = 1.65
(Refer IS: 456-2000 Clause 9.2.2) % of 0 5 10 15 20

5- Value of Standard Deviation (S) = 5.00 (Refer Silica fume

IS: 456-2000 Table 8) Silica 0 26 52 77 103

6- Test data of materials: fume (kg)

1-Cement used= OPC 53 grade Coarse 1131.05 1131. 1131. 1131.05 113
aggregate 05 05 1.05
2-Specific Gravity of Cement = 3.15
3-Specific Gravity of coarse aggregates = 2.82 Fine 383.82 383.8 383.8 383.82 382.
aggregate 2 2 82
4-Specific gravity of fine aggregates = 2.68
water 186 186 186 186 186

2.1.1. Target Strength for Mix Design: -

Ft = fck + k×S Sp 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35 3.35

K= 1.65, S= 5.00, fck = 35 N/mm2

Ft = 35+1.65×5.00=43.25 N/mm2

2.1.2. Selection of Water Binder Ratio: 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Compressive, Tensile and flexural strength of various
Maximum water cement ratio specified for Concrete mixes incorporating 0 %, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20
durability = 0.405 (Refer IS: 456-2000 Table 5). Wt. % of cement is replaced by silica fume is discussed. All
Therefore, the water/binder ratio adopted = 0.36 the tests conducted were in accordance with the methods in
IS code. Results were compared and checked for
2.1.3. Selection of Water Content and Fine Aggregate compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of concrete.
to a total Aggregate Ratio:

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 F. I. Qureshi et al. /J. Sci. Res. Adv. 4 (2017) 433-437

M1 5 895 39.80
900 40.02 40.03
3.1. Compressive Strength Test (IS: 516 – 1999) 905 40.27
In order to review the result regarding compressive
strength, the cubes containing totally different proportion of
silicon oxide fume were ready and unbroken for hardening M2 10 1010 45.00

for seven and 28 days. The check was conducted on a 1015 45.55 45.76
1045 46.75
compression testing machine of capability 2000 KN. The
7 and 28 days‟ compressive strength is listed in table a pair
of and three severally it's obtained that 7 days strength of M3 15 1075 47.90
all mixes is invariably high. This can be thanks to 1085 48.60 47.95
continuous association of Cement with concrete. The water- 1060 47.35
binder was unbroken constant at zero.36. The check results
indicated that, once five to fifteen Wt. % replacement of M4 20 990 39.12
silicon oxide fume for cement is completed, a compressive 970 40.02 43.76
strength will increase. When 20 Wt. a replacement of 995 36.48

cement is completed by silicon oxide fume, strength starts

decreasing. A Highest strength of 48.01 N/mm2 was
ascertained for 15 Wt. quartz glass fume concrete combine
at twenty eight days.

Table 2- Compressive Strength after 7 Days 3.3. Split Tensile Strength Test
Mix Percentag Load Compressiv Average
Designation e of Silica (KN) e Strength Compressive
Splitting strength studies were dole out at the age of
fume (N/mm2) strength
seven and 28 days. The result area units shown in Table
(N/mm2)
four and five Fig. 2. The share of silicon dioxide fume
replaced by cement is five-hitter, 10% and V-day and
M0 0 570 25.50 therefore the water binder magnitude relation is unbroken at
575 25.65 25.9 0.36. It is observed that by mass replacement of silicon
585 26.75 dioxide fume for cement provided the very best strength.
M1 5 610 26.90 After we redoubled the replacement of silicon dioxide fume
640 28.30 28.28 by V-day the strength attenuated. Ripping strength worth of
665 29..65 five.06 N/mm2 was obtained within the fifteen Wt. %
replacement of silicon dioxide Fume at 28 days‟ strength.
M2 10 755 33.80
765 34.30 33.83
775 33.40
Table 4- Split Tensile Strength after 7 Days
Mix Percentag Load Split Average
Designatio e of silica Tensile strength
(KN)
n fume Strength (N/mm2)
M3 15 895 39.65
(N/mm2)
885 39.00 39.08
875 38.60
M0 0 215 3.10
M4 20 818 36.40
250 3.60 3.12
808 36.00 36.01
185 2.65
800 35.63
M1 5 240 3.35
Table 3- The Compressive Strength after 28 Days 215 3.10 3.51
290 4.08
Mix Percentag Load Compre Average
M2 10 315 4.50
Designation e of (KN) ssive Compressive
275 3.90 4.08
Silica Strength strength
2 2 265 3.85
fume (N/mm ) (N/mm )
M3 15 220 3.15
235 3.35 3.70

M0 0 825 37.00 320 4.60

835 37.20 37.43 M4 20 245 3.50

845 38.10 265 3.80 3.65
255 3.65

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 F. I. Qureshi et al. /J. Sci. Res. Adv. 4 (2017) 433-437

Table 5- Split Tensile Strength after 28 Days M4 20 390 6.90

Mix Percent Load Split Average 360 6.40 6.01
Designation age of (KN) Tensile strength 265 4.75
silica fume Strength (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
Table 7-Flexural Strength after 28 Days:
M0 0 260 2.80
305 3.00 3.00 Mix Percent Split Tensile Average

415 3.20 Designation age of Load Strength strength

Silica (KN) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)

M1 5 335 4.70 fume

280 4.00 4.79 M0 0 325 5.80

400 5.67 340 6.02 5.5
265 4.68
M2 10 350 4.98
315 4.50 4.91 M1 5 405 7.20
390 6.96 7.01
370 5.25
385 6.87
M3 15 293 4.15
M2 10 460 8.65
350 4.98 4.73
485 9.05 8.93
355 5.06
510 9.10
M4 20 280 4.00 M3 15 540 9.20
270 3.80 3.72 505 9.05 8.33
235 3.30 500 8.55
M4 20 405 7.20
390 6.97 7.01

3.4. Flexure Strength Test 385 6.86

Although the concrete isn't designed to resist tension, the

information of strength of concrete is valuable in assessing 4. CONCLUSION
the load at that the crack can begin showing in concrete.
Based on the results obtained in the present investigation,
The absence of cracking is off to tidy importance in
the following conclusion can be drawn:
insuring the higher sturdiness of concrete structure and in
The results obtained in the present study indicate that it is
several cases the interference of the corrosion of the
feasible to replace the cement by silica fume for improving
reinforcement attributable to the partial difficulties sweet-
the strength characteristics of concrete. Thus, the silica
faced in conducting a pure strength, it's desirable to live the
fume can be used as an alternative material for the
strength of the concrete by subjecting an apparent concrete
production of concrete to address the waste disposal
beam to flexure. The flexure takes a look at was conducted
problems and to minimize the cost of construction with
on varied mixes. The result obtained for varied mixes at the
usages of silica fume which is most freely available.
age of seven and 28 days. The result's shown Table 6 and 7.
Consistency of cement depends upon its fineness. Silica
fume is having the greater fineness then cement and greater
Table 6-Flexural Strength after 7 days:
surface area so the consistency increases greatly when silica
Mix Percentage Load Split Tensile Average fume percentage increases. The normal consistency
Designation of Silica fume (KN) Strength strength
increases about 40% when silica fumes percentage from 0%
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
to 20%. But finesse also creates high heat hydration. The
optimum 7 and 28- day‟s compressive strength and flexural
M0 0 280 5.00 strength have been obtained in the range of 10-15% silica
270 4.85 4.75 fume replacement level. Increase in split tensile strength
240 4.40 beyond 10% silica fume replacement is almost insignificant
M1 5 320 5.70 whereas gains in flexural tensile strength have occurred
390 7.00 6.53 even up to 15% replacement. The maximum compressive
385 6.90 strength obtained at 15% replacement of silica fume is
M2 10 430 7.65 47.95N/mm2 at 28 days. The maximum tensile strength
400 7.05 7.10 obtained at 10% replacement of silica fume is 4.91 N/mm2
370 6.60 at 28 days. The maximum flexural strength obtained at 15%
M3 15 440 7.80 replacement of silica fume is 8.93N/mm2at 28 days. There
450 8.05 7 is a significant improvement in the compressive strength of
360 6.35 concrete because a pozzolanic nature of the silica fumes

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 F. I. Qureshi et al. /J. Sci. Res. Adv. 4 (2017) 433-437

and its void filling ability. Silica fume seems to have a Concrete for Ensuring Abrasion Erosion
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[12]. Kanstad, T, Biontegaard, O, Sellevold, E. J,
Hammer, T. A. and Fidjestol, P. Effect of Silica
Fume on Crack Sensivity, Concrete International,
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