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EX 1.

The document describes an experiment on the calibration of a Bourdon tube pressure gauge using water as an incompressible liquid. The experiment demonstrates how pressure is transmitted through liquids and compares experimental results with theoretical calculations, noting discrepancies due to various error sources. Key findings include the principle that pressure is transferred equally in all directions in incompressible fluids and the identification of factors affecting measurement accuracy.

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محمد الطحان النعيمي
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4 views

EX 1.

The document describes an experiment on the calibration of a Bourdon tube pressure gauge using water as an incompressible liquid. The experiment demonstrates how pressure is transmitted through liquids and compares experimental results with theoretical calculations, noting discrepancies due to various error sources. Key findings include the principle that pressure is transferred equally in all directions in incompressible fluids and the identification of factors affecting measurement accuracy.

Uploaded by

محمد الطحان النعيمي
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EX :1

CALIBRATION OF A PRESSSURE GAUGE

Parts of the device

• Bourdon tube pressure gauge The Bourdon Tube is a pressure measurement device. It is
widely used in applications where inexpensive static pressure measurements are needed. A
typical Bourdon tube contains a curved tube that is open to external pressure input on one
end.

• water as incompressible liquid.

• A piston ,,Piston diameter = 20 mm ,,Mass of piston and platform = 1 kg.

• Weights of 1kg mass (4) ,,,, 0.5 kg mass (1)

Discussion And Experiment Execution

In this lab of fluid mechanics we performed the first experiment under the supervision of MR.
Yasir Ali ,the main purpose of this experiment is to show the ability of the liquid to transfer any
pressure that we exerted on it , a very important phenomena will happen on the liquid when we
apply the pressure on it and since the liquid is incompressible fluid unlike gasses ,the liquid will
transfer the exerted pressure in equal amount to all the sides of the container that’s contain it and
the best example of this phenomena is the hydraulic lifts which is based on Pascal's law for
generating force or motion, which states that pressure change on an incompressible liquid in a
confined space is passed equally throughout the liquid in all directions. In our experiment we used
the bourdon tube pressure gauge to calculate the amount of pressure according to different weights
using water as incompressible liquid to transfer the pressure to the gauge .
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For the experimental part :

We failled the tube with water and then we put the piston with some pressure to eject the excess
water, we take the first reading which is due to the weight of the 1kg piston itself and then we
increase the load 1kg each step and 0.5kg for the last step (using the external weights) until we
reach 5.5kg , then we did the opposite by removing the weights one by one , and in each time we
increase or decrease the weights we were taking the reading from the indicator in the gauge reading
which is represented in both SI and FPS units (at each step, we gently rotate the piston to help
prevent the piston sticking and to remove the bubbles).

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For the theoretical part: We used Newton second law of motion to find the force of the masses of
the external weights (F=ma) , and we calculated the pressure due to these applied forces on the
315mm2 piston area (the mass and the area of the piston are written on the device). We compared
both results, the one which we got it from the experimental part and the one which we got it from
the theoretical part and we found the average error and the error of full scale , in an ideal situation
both results must be the same ,however they were not due to some reasons that we mentioned on
the conclusion

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Given :

Piston diameter = 20 mm

Mass of piston and platform = 1 kg

Weights of 1kg mass (4) ,,,, 0.5 kg mass (1)

Piston Area (A): 315mm2


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Used equations:

* Pressure = 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 / 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂

* Force = mass * gravity ((F=ma (Newton second law) ))

* Mean pressure = (𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈+𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈)/ 𝟐

* Average error = |theoretical pressure-practical pressure|

* Full-scale error% = (𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓/ 𝒇𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝒔𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒆 (𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑷𝒂)) 𝒙 𝟏𝟎0 %


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CONCLUSIONS AND OBSERVATION:

In conclusion, to summarize this experiment, we can say fluid can be described as liquid or gasses
in other words we can say incompressible for liquids and compressible for gasses, in this
experiment we showed that liquid work as pressure transporter, since liquids are incompressible
fluids, and the pressure is transferred, not maintained when we applied it on a liquid. By applying
different weights on the piston we take the pressure readings from pressure gauge starting from the
weight of the piston, until reaching to 5.5 kg, then removing the weights and taking the readings
again, the liquid inside the tube will work as transporter for the pressure using the incompressible
water to transfer the pressure to the gauge, therefore, the pressure indicator will move to provide
us the pressure intensity reading. We noted that the results from the experimental part and the one
from the theoretical part are not the same 100% due to some error causes that we can summarize it
in : ((Some main causes of error due to)) 1- Hysteresis caused by friction in the mechanical
movement in the gauge. 2- Accuracy of the printed scale. 3- Human error (reading error). 4-The
bubbles inside the tube.

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